One of the world's largest lasers could be used to detect alien warp drives

22-12-2022 om 20:57 geschreven door peter  

By The Black Hole Telescope So Big Yoυ Ϲaп Spot It Iп The Backyard Αstroпomers Αccideпtally Discovered

Black holes are the cosmic glυttoпs, coпsυmiпg aпythiпg that approaches too closely, eveп light.Now, a team of worldwide researchers has ideпtified a sυpermassive black hole that devoυrs the mass of oпe Earth every secoпd.

By observiпg other light objects billioпs of years old, the scieпtists determiпed that the пewly foυпd behemoth was the brightest aпd fastest-growiпg sυpermassive black hole of the previoυs пiпe billioп years (that we kпow of).

This dazzliпg cosmic beast, located iп the coпstellatioп Ϲeпtaυrυs, is more thaп 500 times bigger thaп the sυpermassive black hole at the ceпtre of oυr owп galaxy.

The resυlts, which are preseпtly beiпg reviewed, were pυblished iп a physics academic joυrпal last week.

“People have beeп lookiпg for these kiпds of objects siпce the 1960s,” said lead aυthor Ϲhristopher Օпkeп, aп astroпomer at the Αυstraliaп Natioпal Uпiversity.

“Αпd somehow, this oпe seemed to have escaped all oυr previoυs efforts to fiпd it.”

While searchiпg the Milky Way for пearby pairs of biпary stars — stars that circle the same ceпtre of mass — the team came oпto the straпge object.

They were υsiпg the SkyMapper telescope at Sidiпg Spriпg Օbservatory пear Ϲooпabarabraп, betweeп the New Soυth Wales areas of Ϲeпtral West aпd North West Slopes.

Αdriaп Lυcy, a PhD caпdidate at Ϲolυmbia Uпiversity iп New York, discovered over 200 possibilities for biпary stars, bυt accordiпg to Dr. Օпkeп, there was somethiпg pecυliar aboυt them.

Օпe of them tυrпed oυt to be υпlike a biпary system iп every way.

To get a closer look at the pecυliar object, the crew travelled to Ϲape Towп’s Soυth Αfricaп Αstroпomical Օbservatory’s 1,9-meter telescope.

Here, they were able to examiпe the differeпt waveleпgths of light emitted by SMSS J114447.77-430859.3, or J1144 for short.

“Yoυ really see the detailed fiпgerpriпts of what’s makiпg υp these objects,” Dr Օпkeп said.

Αпd it did пot resemble a giaпt star iп aпy way.

Iпstead, the object featυred brilliaпt liпes showiпg that gas was flowiпg very qυickly, iпdicatiпg that it was propelled by a sυpermassive black hole.

Several of the brightest objects iп the sky, qυasars, are powered by sυpermassive black holes, which have a mass of millioпs or billioпs of Sυпs.

From Earth, these brilliaпt objects resemble stars, bυt their light origiпates from the accretioп disc, a riпg of gas, dυst, aпd stars that swirls aroυпd the black hole.

Αs this material is pυlled iпto the black hole’s gapiпg moυth by its eпormoυs gravitatioпal attractioп, it becomes very hot aпd prodυces bliпdiпg light.

“The gas is kiпd of fυппelliпg dowп iпto a paпcake shape, aпd that material theп heats υp throυgh frictioп,” Dr Օпkeп said.

Like a ball rolliпg dowп a hill, the material accelerates as it approaches the eveпt horizoп of a black hole — the poiпt from which пot eveп light caп escape — releasiпg its poteпtial eпergy.

“Eveпtυally all that stυff falls iпto the black hole past the eveпt horizoп, addiпg to the mass of the black hole as it does so.”

This bright, fast-moviпg cloυd of gas eпabled Dr. Օпkeп aпd his colleagυes to estimate the sυpermassive black hole’s mass at three billioп Sυпs.

Iп comparisoп, Sagittariυs Α*, the sυpermassive black hole at the ceпtre of oυr galaxy, has a mass of aroυпd 4 millioп Sυпs.

Αпd althoυgh J1144 was faiпter thaп previoυs qυasars discovered iп the last 60 years, it was still far more distaпt aпd brighter thaп other objects of the same age.

“That was very excitiпg becaυse these are pretty υпυsυal fiпds,” Dr Օпkeп said.

Keep aп eye oυt for J114 jυst пorth-west of the Soυtherп Ϲross.(Sυpplied: Ϲhristiaп Wolf/ΑNU/IΑU)

This qυasar’s brightпess is aboυt 7,000 times brighter thaп all of the light iп the Milky Way, makiпg it visible from yoυr backyard with the right telescope.

Dr. Օпkeп recommeпded a telescope with a diameter of 30 to 40 ceпtimetres aпd a camera capable of leпgthy exposυres.J1144 is sitυated iп the sky approximately пorth-west of the Soυtherп Ϲross, emaпatiпg from the coпstellatioп Ϲeпtaυrυs.

“It’s jυst right overhead at sυпset at this time of year,” Dr Օпkeп said.

{ https://galaxdaily.com/ }

22-12-2022 om 20:39 geschreven door peter  

Unidentified flying saucer like object captured on video in Colombia

On November 1, 2022, a UFO sighting was reported in Pasto, Colombia. According to the witness, who was observing nature in the backyard of their home, they noticed an object suspended about 30 meters away. The object had a strange shape and was rotating in a peculiar way.

The witness decided to go upstairs to get a better view of the object, and observed that it turned red, with a bright, ignited-like color. They attempted to record the object, but were unable to focus due to their nerves. In a second video, they were able to capture the object as it traveled slowly across the sky.

• Check out more UFO sightings from Colombia

The witness then went outside to continue observing the object, which headed towards some buildings about 200 meters away. Suddenly, the object moved back a bit before gaining speed and heading towards the Galeras volcano. The witness attempted to record this moment, but was unable to locate the object due to the maximum zoom on their cell phone camera and their excitement.

Overall, the witness described the experience as strange and said that they have many doubts about what they saw. They are hesitant to share their videos, fearing that people will not take the sighting seriously. It is not clear what the object could have been, and without additional information, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the object.

{  https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

22-12-2022 om 18:01 geschreven door peter  

UFO sighting in San Diego leaves residents puzzled

On the evening of October 31, 2021, a UFO sighting was reported in San Diego, California. According to the witness, two round, bright circles were observed in the sky. The circles were stationary and did not appear to be moving. The witness was able to capture a video and a photograph of the unusual object before going inside.Predict

It is not clear what the object could have been, as the witness did not see it arrive or depart. Some possible explanations for the sighting could include unusual atmospheric conditions, a drone or other aircraft, or a hoax. Without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the object.

Although it is not uncommon for people to encounter strange objects in the sky, such as UFOs, it is important to consider the various theories surrounding these sightings before reaching a conclusion. Some believe that these objects are extraterrestrial visitors or man-made technology, while others think they are natural phenomena.

{  https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

22-12-2022 om 17:50 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 22/12/2022

DART's Impact with Asteroid Dimorphos

Countdown to impact as NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) attempts humanity’s first-ever test of planetary defense! The DART spacecraft will intentionally crash into asteroid Dimorphos at 7:14 p.m. ET on Monday, September 26, 2022 to see if kinetic force can change its orbit. Why? If this test is successful, the same technique could be used to deflect an Earth-threatening asteroid in the future, should one ever be discovered.

The #DARTMission's target asteroid is NOT a threat to Earth before, during or after the impact event.

Human Missions to Asteroids, Rockets and Global Warming, Dark Antimatter | Q&A 204

Does the Black Knight satellite really exist? Can JWST explore the Oort cloud? Did we hopelessly contaminate Mars with life? Would I fly on the dearMoon mission without the abort system? Should we do crewed missions to near-earth asteroids? Answers to all these questions and more in this week's Q&A with Fraser Cain! 

Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro

00:46 [Tatooine] Does the Black Knight satellite really exis

04:00 [Coruscant] Should we do crewed missions to near-earth asteroids?

06:41 [Hoth] Can we put a really good camera around the Moon?

07:39 [Naboo] Patreon announcements

09:31 [Kamino] Can JWST explore the Oort cloud?

11:48 [Bespin] Can there be Dark Antimatter?

12:36 [Mustafar] Did we hopelessly contaminate Mars with life?

16:13 [Alderaan] How do we track the movements of distant galaxies?

20:05 [Dagobah] Is there a specific direction to look at the Big Bang?

21:10 [Yavin] Does propellant contribute to Kessler Syndrome?

22:06 [Mandalore] Should we use different fuel to propel rockets?

24:37 [Geonosis] Can JWST detect Population 3 stars?

27:30 [Corellia] What size is the observable universe?

28:41 [Crait] Would I fly on the dearMoon mission without the abort system?

30:24 [Endor] Do rockets cause global warming?

32:20 [Exegol] Is it ethical to terraform Mars?

NASA spacewalk begins outside space station - See helmet cam views and more

U.S. Spacewalk 83 is underway with astronauts Josh Cassada and Frank Rubio installing an ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) on the "4A power channel on the port truss," according to NASA.

Watch live: https://www.space.com/nasa-astronauts...

Credit: NASA

15 Mysterious Archaeological Discoveries That Raise New Questions!

In order to understand the everyday life of our ancestors and to trace the reality of life in days long past, archaeological finds are of immeasurable value. While some artifacts have helped solve some history mysteries, in other cases it's been the other way around. From antique batteries to ancient airplane models to maps that shouldn't even exist, here are some mysterious finds that always raise new questions!

• #TheUnknownList

ANCIENT ENGINEERS : ALIENS ON EARTH - FULL HD DOCUMENTARY IN ENGLISH - ORIGINAL V MOVIES

ANCIENT ENGINEERS : ALIENS ON EARTH - FULL HD SCIFI MOVIE IN ENGLISH - ORIGINAL V MOVIES

"What lies behind our evolution? Perhaps the answer to our question lies in our ancestors and their Gods; on this journey through the sands of time we will discover that we are not alone in the universe and that aliens have influenced our evolution."

What has NASA discovered inside Jupiter?

Jupiter is a mysterious gas giant that doesn’t easily reveal its secrets.
Being two and a half times more massive than all the planets in the solar system combined, it could easily fit inside almost 1,300 Earth-sized planets.
An airliner flying at a cruising speed of 900 km/h would take less than two days to circumnavigate the Earth. However, the same liner would need 21 days to fly around Jupiter!
Even though this planet has no solid surface, you can't call it "soft". A pressure of millions of atmospheres and a temperature above that on the Sun's surface - such dismal conditions would await anyone daring to get inside this gas planet.
But we'll try to get there anyway.
In this video, you’ll find out why Jupiter is so huge; what red spot it has on its surface; what was found inside Jupiter, and if there’s a planet inside this gas giant.
Jupiter.

• #jupiter #solarsystem #reyouniverse
  

JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE DISCOVERED ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS ON PROXIMA B

There are several ways to tell alien technology exists on another planet. For example, we may be able to see the light of a distant world waver with a massive constellation of satellites. You know the same stuff that's happening on Earth as well with the increasing number of satellites that we push out into orbit. Atmospheric pollution may be detectable from nuclear conflict. While these indicators of technology could also be caused by natural phenomena like orbiting debris or a comet impact, artificial illumination is distinct from the natural light of stars.

The researchers Tabor and Loeb used the long-range high-resolution imagery of the Webb Telescope for alien light hunting test drive in 2021 but since the telescope was not fully

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Last Video: The NASA Artemis 1 Mission Update Is HERE

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fs2ND...

James Webb Discovers a Galaxy That Could Fundamentally Change Physics!

In July of this year, the time had finally come: After the James Webb telescope had already reached its orbit in Earth's orbit in January, NASA published the first images and data.

Immediately thereafter, the search for the oldest galaxies in the universe began. The researchers were not disappointed, one record was broken after the next and finally, with Ceers-1749, the researchers found what is believed to be the oldest galaxy ever glimpsed by a man-made telescope. Find out why this discovery could turn the world of physics and the previous picture of the origin story of our universe upside down in this video.

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{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

22-12-2022 om 17:22 geschreven door peter  

Two tails of dust ejected from the Didymos-Dimorphos asteroid system are seen in new images from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,

Credit: NASA/ESA

“What we can learn from the DART mission is all part of a NASA’s overarching work to understand asteroids and other small bodies in our Solar System. Impacting the asteroid was just the start. Now we use the observations to study what these bodies are made of and how they were formed – as well as how to defend our planet should there ever be an asteroid headed our way.”

The team’s report consists of a detailed analysis of all the science and engineering data that focused on measuring the momentum transfer imparted by the DART spacecraft – which was traveling at roughly 22,530 km/h (14,000 mph) when it struck. Being able to predict momentum transfer accurately is vital to planning future kinetic impact missions in the event that an asteroid is likely to impact Earth. This includes determining the impactor’s size and estimating the lead time needed to push an asteroid off its path.

Based on observations before and after, the team learned that Dimorphos and Didymos have very similar compositions. Both are composed of chondrite, rocky material that formed from dust and small grains in the early Solar System, the same material found in the most common type of meteorite to impact Earth. These measurements also incorporated telescope images of the ejecta, which accounted for the majority of reflected sunlight by the double-asteroid in the days following the impact. These showed how solar radiation pressure stretched the ejecta stream into a twin tail (similar to what comets form) that measures about 10,000 km (6,200 mi).

Scientists also estimate that DART’s impact displaced over a thousand metric tons (two million lbs) of chondrite rock into space – about the same weight as a cargo ship. This data was combined with new information on the moonlet’s composition and the ejecta’s characteristics. They also consulted telescope observations and images taken by DART’s ride-along CubeSat companion – the Light Italian CubseSat Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) – contributed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI).

Based on all this data and assuming that Didymos and Dimorphos have the same densities, the team calculated the momentum transferred by the DART impact compared to the recoil generated by the ejected mass. Ultimately, they found that the total energy of the impact and ejecta was roughly 3.6 times greater than if the asteroid had absorbed the spacecraft and produced no ejecta at all. As Andy Cheng, the DART investigation team lead from Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL), explained:

“Momentum transfer is one of the most important things we can measure, because it is information we would need to develop an impactor mission to divert a threatening asteroid. Understanding how a spacecraft impact will change an asteroid’s momentum is key to designing a mitigation strategy for a planetary defense scenario.”

The DART test proved that the kinetic impact technique has the potential to divert an asteroid on approach to Earth. The task now is to apply this knowledge so that future asteroid defense spacecraft can be built and the technique tested further. The success of these tests could mean the difference between the continued safety of all life on Earth (and our civilization) and a massive impact that causes mass extinction someday.

Further Reading: NASA

The post What Kind of an Impact did DART Have on Dimorphos? The Science Results are Here appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/159314/what-kind-of-an-impact-did-dart-have-on-dimorphos-the-science-results-are-here/

{  https://www.universetoday.com/ }

22-12-2022 om 01:38 geschreven door peter  

TOI 1338 b is a circumbinary planet orbiting its two stars. It was discovered by TESS.

Image Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith

Astronomers Scanned 12 Planets for Alien Signals While They Were in Front of Their Stars

The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), part of the Green Bank Observatory in West Virginia, is the world’s premiere single-dish radio telescope. Between its 100-meter dish (328-foot), unblocked aperture, and excellent surface accuracy, the GBT provides unprecedented sensitivity in the millimeter to meter wavelengths – very high to extremely high frequency (VHF to EHF). Since 2017, it also became one of the main instruments used by Breakthrough Listen and other institutes engaged in the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI).

Recently, an international team of researchers from the SETI Institute, Breakthrough Listen, and multiple universities scanned twelve exoplanets for signs of technological activity (aka. “technosignatures”). Their observations were timed to coincide with the planets passing in front of their sun relative to the observer (i.e., making a transit). While the survey did not detect any definitive evidence of technosignatures, they did identify two radio signals of interest that warrant follow-up observation. This new technique could vastly expand the field of SETI and create all kinds of opportunities for future research.

The team was led by Sofia Z. Sheikh, a graduate student with the SETI Institute and Berkeley SETI Research Center (UC Berkeley), and other members of a graduate SETI program run by the Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center (PSETIC). They were joined by teams from Breakthrough Listen, the Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds (CEHW), the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), and multiple universities and research institutes. The paper that details their research is scheduled to be published in The Astronomical Journal.

The search for radio signals has been an established SETI convention since the first survey was conducted in 1961. This was Project Ozma, led by the late and legendary Cornell astrophysicist Frank Drake, for whom the Drake Equation is named. In recent years, the field of SETI has expanded considerably, with next-generation radio telescopes and new data analysis techniques (many of which incorporate machine learning) have become available. The kinds of technosignatures researchers could look for are also expanding, with proposals ranging from directed energy and neutrinos to gravitational waves.

Nevertheless, radio transmissions remain the most sought-after technosignature, and radio surveys have advanced exponentially thanks to newly-developed hardware and cutting-edge computational techniques. As Sheikh told Universe Today via email:

“Traditional radio SETI is expanding exponentially, with new sources of funding and new radio telescopes coming on-sky (for example, MeerKAT),” she said. “In addition, many new scientists are getting involved in the field, including both students and experts in other sub-fields who are applying their skills to the technosignature challenge. It’s very exciting to be a part of SETI at such a dynamic point in time!”

However, finding evidence of artificial radio signals remains daunting, requiring powerful arrays, considerable observation time, and immense commitment and patience from research teams. In addition, there is a growing concern among SETI researchers that the majority of search space (not just in terms of physical space but also possible types of technosignatures) is still unexplored. According to Sheikh and her team, this creates the opportunity to mount new projects that could fill the unexplored regions of “parameter space”:

“The classic problem with SETI is the “needle in a haystack” issue – even if someone is trying their hardest to get our attention, space is big, and there are so many forms that a message could take (even if you just restrict the possibility space, or parameter space, to the radio spectrum). So it helps if we try to figure out special places, times, or frequencies that might be more likely locations for messages than any random point.”

The Pioneer Plaque. The diagram in the upper left corner depicts hydrogen undergoing the transition responsible for radio emissions at the wavelength of 21 cm.

Credit: NASA

These are known as “Schelling Points,” a concept from game theory where two or more people arrive at the same solution by default and in the absence of communication. Examples include places like the Galactic Center, where some SETI researchers believe civilizations are most likely to be found, or frequencies like 1420 MHz. Also known as the “hydrogen” or “21-centimeter line.” this frequency corresponds to the change in the energy state of neutral hydrogen. Radio waves at this frequency are considered favorable by SETI researchers since they can penetrate large clouds of dust in the interstellar medium (ISM).

For their study, Sheikh and her colleagues consulted data on 12 exoplanets identified by the Kepler Space Telescope. These planets were detected using Transit Photometry (aka. Transit Photometry), where periodic dips in a star’s luminosity are used to confirm the presence of exoplanets and constrain their size and orbital periods. The GBT gathered data on these Kepler exoplanets as they made transits of their respective stars on March 25th, 2018. The goal was to see if radio transmissions coincided with these transits, a surefire sign of an advanced civilization attempting to communicate. Said Sheikh:

“For this particular project, we used the centers of planetary transits as Schelling Points. In other words, we timed our observations such that the exoplanet-of-interest was lined up with its host star and the solar system. That’s a time that we know (by observing the dip in brightness as the planet passes in front of its star), and it’s a time that any potential life on the exoplanet would also know – therefore, it is “mutually derivable”.”

While it is extremely energy-intensive to transmit a constant message, this method narrows the transmission down to a specific mutually-derivable window. This dramatically reduces the costs of sending messages to space while significantly increasing the odds of detecting messages. Sheikh and her colleagues are the first to use this technique in a radio technosignature search. And while they did not detect any technosignatures, their pioneering study has established a procedure that will make similar surveys much easier to mount in the future.

“This was a pilot study for the transits-as-Schelling-points idea, and future research will expand the sample to include significantly more exoplanets,” she concluded. “This is especially relevant with upcoming commensal projects like COSMIC on the ngVLA, which will be surveying the sky almost constantly – with so much new data on the way, knowing exactly when and where to look will help us prioritize potentially real signals over the growing background of radio frequency interference from Earth.”

Further Reading: arXiv

The post Astronomers Scanned 12 Planets for Alien Signals While They Were in Front of Their Stars appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/159219/astronomers-scanned-12-planets-for-alien-signals-while-they-were-in-front-of-their-stars/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

22-12-2022 om 01:10 geschreven door peter  

Aliens on the Rise: NYC Sees Increase in UFO Sightings in 2022

The number of reported sightings of UFOs in New York City has increased significantly over the past couple of years. In 2022, the number of sightings increased by 4%. This is the first time that residents of the city have submitted pictures to the UFO reporting center in an attempt to prove that they spotted extraterrestrials.

Although the photos that were submitted by the residents were blurry, the statements that accompanied them suggested that the number of alien visitors has increased.

• You can find out more UFO sightings from NYC in our New York tag!

In total, 13 UFO sightings were reported in Manhattan. Some of these include a series of objects that were spotted in the East River in June, and a large, silent alien craft that was seen flying across the city in August. Queens had the most number of reported sightings with six. Brooklyn had four, Staten Island had three, and the Bronx had two.

The increasing number of reported sightings has raised the question of whether or not something strange is happening in the skies.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

22-12-2022 om 00:26 geschreven door peter  

Pentagon Forced to Admit: Advanced UFO Technology Remains a Mystery

The New York Times published an article in 2017 acknowledging the existence of unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, and the Pentagon’s efforts to keep information about them hidden from the public. This admission sparked a renewed interest in the topic and led to Congress mandating the release of two reports from the Pentagon on the subject.

The first report admitted that in 18 known instances, UFOs demonstrated an advanced technology that was unknown to human science and that the Pentagon had no information to explain it. However, the Pentagon spun the report to say that there was no evidence that the UFOs were alien spacecraft. The second report, released in October, admitted that many UFO sightings did not have conventional explanations and that some of them were possibly related to foreign spying or drones.

Despite these revelations, the Pentagon has continued to try to downplay the significance of the UFO topic and steer the media’s focus away from it.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

21-12-2022 om 23:49 geschreven door peter  

{  https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

21-12-2022 om 23:29 geschreven door peter  

Filer’s Files Dec. 

15 2022 - Ft. Dix McGuire Alien Shot - PART II

Merry Christmas and Happy Hanukkah

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

New Jersey State Director

MUFON Eastern Region Director

Special reports are: The Fort Dix/McGuire Air Force Runway Incursions by Aliens, Star of Bethlehem, Incursions by Aliens Is there a cosmic bloodline of theStar Gods on Earth?” t, New UFO/UAP Social Network ,Strange Craft, Award of Merit, Carbon 60.

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Mississippi, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and Washington.

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Estonia, France, Russia, and England and Scotland in the United Kingdom.

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs and aliens are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

UFO Sightings in the United States

Sightings are from MUFON CMS

California Object

Corona  on June 9,2021, I was riding my mountain bike down to the bottom and took a picture of the trail I had just finished traveling. I didn’t see anything, but the next day I was looking at my pictures and noticed the craft in the sky.

Florida Lights

Orlando on November 20, 2022, talking to a neighbor I did not see the craft until I checked my hunting tracker. This craft has no wings and no rotors. It was present for only a second.

Georgia Light

Gainesville on December 10,2022, at 06:09 Pm I first caught several weird anomalies on still pictures as I was sitting on my deck. It appeared as a white funnel I then observed a white bright oval shape orb traveling west to east.

Idaho Light

Oldtown on December 9, 2022, at 2345 hours I was standing near my police vehicle at 28 degrees, and I saw a bright orange glowing cigar flying towards me. I took a flash photo and it made a left turn and flew west faster than a plane .

 Illinois Object

Harwood heights May 28, 2021, sitting on my rooftop deck I noticed a black object moving NW through the above the landing path for planes landing at O’Hare airport. It appears very small or distant.

Iowa Object

Ottumwa on December 3, 2022, went outside to smoke and noticed a bright trail above going almost straight up, then when it reached a certain height, it shifted and went left and I lost visual pretty quickly.

Mississippi Circle

Pascagoula on April 26, 2022, I was cutting the grass behind a church with a zero turn mower. Saw strange lights that looked like a large flower above the church  and 3 orbs of light. Later, saw in daylight circular grass shape about 12 feet in diameter that was very noticeably greener and taller than other grass.

Nevada Lights

Reno on December 6, 2022 at 8:48 PM, we were driving on McCarran and witnessed 3 floating orbs that were glowing and moved in unison with one another. After 3 minutes, two of the lights disappeared.

New Jersey Lights

Newark on August 18, 2021, I saw an orb slowly hover over the top of Applebee’s and then stop. It looked like a mist over metallic chrome. I’m a marine and knew it was not a human craft and got weird mark on my forearm.

North Carolina Red Light

Erwin on December 12, 2022, d riving I 26 west atnd the Moon was bright an shining on the side of the ship that  moved in front of the Moon block the Moon light out clearly could see outline of a huge ship.

Ohio Blue Light

Broadview Heights on November 30 , 2022, saw 2 horizontal lines and one looked like Spacelink. Other was blue with square blocks when zoomed in on phone. Weird.

Virginia Light

Boston on November 30, 2022,  hovering light is changing colors and moves in various directions. I have been seeing these for a while now. My daughter and sister next door have seen them as well.

Washington Lights

Portland Airport on June 13 2013, I can see to Clackamas hill at 10:17 pm, and watch planes taking off from PDX with 8 lights flying slow above perfectly in formation. I don’t know if they are lights or planes in the clouds.

Worldwide UFO Sightings

Australia Object

Adelaide on November 24, 2022, witnessed two objects pass by an Alliance jet aircraft from Adelaide to Brisbane.

Canada Object

L’islet on November 7, 2012, my mother had asked me to find photos taken by my Father for his death card Looking through hundred of photos I found this one. It is above the water, but it is strange and could be a UFO.

Estonia Object

Maardu on June 24, 2019, took photos with a Redmi 7 Note phone of a glowing cloud for an hour and a half of UFO in the photos. ball of light. Object with many surrounding lights is clearly visible.

France Object

Challain La Potherie on October 21, 2022, I heard a helicopter hovering around my house Out of curiosity I took a picture of it. By enlarging the photo I saw a black sphere above the device This black dot does not appear on other photos I confirm that I did not fake this photo

Challain La Potherie on November 21, 2022, I heard a helicopter hovering around my house and took a picture of it. By enlarging the photo I saw a black sphere above the device.

Russia Light

Сосновый Бор on November  17, 2022, taken by Xiaomi MIUI  found an incomprehensible object, possibly a UFO.  I encountered UFOs 3 times, but they looked different Leningrad region at  16.12.

UK/England Object

Newport on August 11, 2022, took a photo as I didn’t know what it was.

Market Drayton  on June 17, 2022, square metallic object hovered and moved slowly off to SW. Appeared to have appendages underneath but no wings/propellers. Completely silent. Sighting lasted 1 minute

Uk/Scotland Object

Glasgow on November 20 , 2022, various unusual contrails visible in sky and saw there is an unidentified aerial phenomena trying to hide within far left contrail (arrow) in image.

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21-12-2022 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

NASA's Insight mission has ENDED: Mars lander declared a 'dead bus' after its solar-powered batteries ran out of energy

• NASA has officially ended its Insight mission on Mars after the lander did not respond to two communication attempts
• Scientists said the lander was covered in dust, which made it impossible for the solar batteries to charge 
• The last time Insight communicated with Earth was December 15, but the team plans to keep listening for a signal 'just in case' 

By STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM and JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE

NASA has bid farewell to Insight after more than four years of service.

Mission controller announced the demise of the Mars lander Wednesday after two failed attempts to contact the craft.

The team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said the cause of death was the craft's batteries that ran out of power - a state engineers call a 'dead bus.'

The last time the lander communicated with Earth was December 15, but mission control had previously decided to declare the mission over if Insight missed two communications attempts.

The official Insight Twitter account posted Tuesday what was believed to be the last photo snapped by lander with a Mars lander. 

NASA shared a pictured of Insight on Tuesday (pictured), saying this might be the last image from the Mars lander because its batteries were not charging

Insight detected more than 1,300 marsquakes with its French-built seismometer, including several caused by meteoroid strikes, since landing on Mars in 2018.

Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington, said in a statement: 'I watched the launch and landing of this mission, and while saying goodbye to a spacecraft is always sad, the fascinating science InSight conducted is cause for celebration.

'The seismic data alone from this offers tremendous insights not just into Mars but other rocky bodies, including Earth.'

InSight lander detects hundreds of 'Marsquakes' suggesting the Red Planet could be harboring alien life 

InSight spacecraft proves Mars experiences earthquakes just like Earth and discovers 450 quivers in a year - suggesting there may be life on the Red Planet. 

Insight's final image shows its seismometer, the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS), a round, dome-shaped instrument.

SEIS has been sitting on the Martian surface to take the 'pulse' or seismic vibrations and provide a glimpse into the planet's internal activity.

InSight also carries two engineering cameras – one mounted on the arm (known as IDC) and the other on the front of the lander (known as ICC), which took this final image.

Earlier this summer, the lander had so little remaining power that the mission turned off Insight's other science instruments to keep the seismometer running.

NASA even turned off the fault protection system that would otherwise automatically shut down the seismometer if the system detected that the lander's power generation was dangerously low.

Insight was tasked with studying the deep interior of Mars to learn how all celestial bodies with rocky surfaces formed, including those on Earth and the moon.

It was only meant to operate for two years, but its mission was extended to four years after it was found to have 'produced exceptional science' by an independent review panel.

Even from the mission's outset, it was clear to NASA staff that it wouldn't be as long-lasting as some of the agency's other projects.

It was known that its solar panels would eventually get covered in Martian dust, making it hard to generate power.

NASA said fitting it with some mechanism that removed the dust 'would have added cost, mass and complexity' that could have hindered its success.

NASA said the scientific results and discoveries obtained by Insight 'has answered many questions, and posed new ones for future explorers.'

NASA shared the final image of the lander as the sun was setting on Mars

Sadly, Martian dust carried by the wind has gradually been gathering on Insight's solar panels, making it hard to generate power. The lander is pictured above in December 2018

Insight landed near Mars' equator on the western side of a flat expanse of lava, Elysium Planitia – and shortly after tweeted its first image 

These include the detection of the first quakes on another planet, including the most recent one in May this year.

This Marsquake had an estimated magnitude of 5, with vibrations reverberating through the planet for at least six hours.

Insight also showed that the planet's crust is thinner than expected – about 15 to 25 miles (25 to 40 kilometers) thick, comprising three internal layers.

Laurie Leshin, director of JPL, which manages the mission, said: 'InSight has more than lived up to its name. 

'As a scientist who's spent a career studying Mars, it's been a thrill to see what the lander has achieved, thanks to an entire team of people across the globe who helped make this mission a success.

'Yes, it's sad to say goodbye, but InSight's legacy will live on, informing and inspiring.' 

Read more:

• NASA Retires InSight Mars Lander Mission After Years of Science | NASA

 { https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

21-12-2022 om 21:40 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 21/12/2022

Spacewalk postponed by Russian space debris - Space Station maneuver needed

The detection of space debris from a Russian Fregat upper stage near the International Space Station has postponed U.S. spacewalk 83 that was scheduled to occur on Dec. 21, 2022.

Full Story:

• https://www.space.com/russian-space-d...

U.S. Spacewalk 83 will see astronauts Josh Cassada and Frank Rubio installing an ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) on the "4A power channel on the port truss," according to NASA.

Credit: NASA

Spacewalkers install new roll out solar array on space station in animation

U.S. Spacewalk 83 will see astronauts Josh Cassada and Frank Rubio installing an ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) on the "4A power channel on the port truss," according to NASA. See an animation of the installation.

Watch the spacewalk live starting at 6:30am ET on Dec. 21, 2022:

• https://www.space.com/nasa-astronauts...

Credit: NASA

Ingenuity soars again on Mars! See flight 37 & 36 footage + stats

NASA's Mars helicopter Ingenuity was back at it again this month with flights on Dec. 17 and Dec. 10. See images and stats from the latest flight and the entire previous flight.

Mars helicopter Ingenuity aces 36th Red Planet flight:

• https://www.space.com/mars-helicopter...

Credit: Space.com | footage and graphics: NASA/JPL-Caltech | edited by Steve Spaleta (https://twitter.com/stevespaleta)

China's rover moves on Mars in awesome video, with AUDIO of deployment!

See footage of China's Zhurong rover moving on the Martian surface. It was captured by a camera the rover deployed on Mars. Also, listen to audio the rover recorded during it deployment onto the surface and descent footage!

Full Story: https://www.space.com/china-mars-rove...

The Zhurong rover landed on Mars in May 2021.

Credit: Space.com | footage courtesy: China Central Television / CNSA | produced & edited by Steve Spaleta (http://www.twitter.com/stevespaleta)

Pieces of Missing Spy Plane Found | The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters (Season 1)

The team travels to the edge of the Bermuda Triangle to investigate a missing spy plane. See more in this clip from Season 1, "Top Secret Deep."

Watch new episodes of The Bermuda Triangle: Into Cursed Waters, Tuesdays at 10/9c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite The HISTORY Channel shows at history.com/schedule.

• #TheBermudaTriangleCursedWaters

UFO COLLISION IN MID-AIR | The Proof Is Out There

An eyewitness spots two aircrafts almost colliding with each other in mid-air. See more in this clip from 3, "Marble Mountain Bigfoot, Waldek Mine Whispers, and UFO Buzzes Jet."

• #TheProofIsOutThere

InSight's Final Important Discovery on Mars

The entire InSight mission from start to finish, plus everything it discovered.

NEW Displate Posters:

• https://displate.com/promo/astrum?art...

Charon: Pluto's Eerie Twin

Play War Thunder for FREE on PC, PS®5, and Xbox Series X|S:

• https://wtplay.link/geographicswtbonus .

Follow the link to download the game and get your massive, free bonus pack including vehicles, boosters, and more. See you in battle!

We tested the US Military’s secret space weapon

An engineer came up with a plan to drop tungsten telephone poles from space - the idea has been seriously considered on multiple occasions, so we tested it. This video is sponsored by Brilliant.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

21-12-2022 om 21:03 geschreven door peter  

Inscription Finally Confirms Biblical Record of Hezekiah’s Tunnel

Two Israeli archaeologists have successfully deciphered an 8th century BC inscription that was left on a wall in an underground tunnel located just outside the walls of the City of David (ancient Jerusalem). The inscription references the deeds of the legendary King Hezekiah , matching certain passages from the Book of Kings and Book of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible.

The task of deciphering the enigmatic lines, which were written in Old Hebrew script, was completed by Professor Gershon Galil, head of the Institute for Biblical Studies and Ancient History at Haifa University, and Eli Shukron from the Bible and Ancient History research institute.

According to Galil, the inscriptions include a summation of the King’s primary accomplishments during the first 17 years of his kingship, which began in the late 8th century BC and continued into the early 7th century BC. These inscriptions list Hezekiah’s accomplishments as an infrastructure builder, religious and political leader, military conqueror and accumulator of wealth.

Because of its age and contents, the inscription represents a one-of-a-kind discovery within the context of Israeli archaeology.

“These are actually the earliest manuscripts of the Bible,” Galil said in the Jerusalem Post . “They predate the Ketef Hinnom silver amulets by about 100 years and the Dead Sea Scrolls by hundreds of years. They also support the claim that scriptures in the Book of Kings are based on texts originating from chronicles and royal inscriptions, and that the Bible reflects historical reality and not imagination.”

• Apocalyptic Apocrypha: What was Removed from the Bible - and Why?
• Does The Iliad Deserve Reverence as Scripture Like The Bible?

A wall inside the Siloam tunnel is inscribed but yet to be fully deciphered.

(Eli Shukrun/ The Jerusalem Post )

Confirming Hezekiah’s Construction of the Siloam Tunnel

One of the events specifically referenced in the stone tablet’s inscription is the Siloam Tunnel water project, a celebrated infrastructure initiative that represents one of the most remarkable engineering feats of the ancient world.

The tunnel, which covered 1750 feet (533 meters), was designed to siphon waters from the Gihon Spring outside the walls of the City of David to the Pool of Siloam inside those walls. The construction of the tunnel was believed to have been a response to the military threat presented by the Assyrians during Hezekiah’s reign. In case the City of David were to come under siege, the tunnel would guarantee continued access to fresh water from outside the city. 

The theory that King Hezekiah ordered the construction of the Siloam Tunnel water project has been widely accepted, but still considered unproven. Some academics have suggested the tunnel was actually built 100 years before the time of Hezekiah. But the newly decoded inscriptions would seem to put the issue to rest once and for all.

“Hezekiah, the son of Ahaz, king of Judah, made the pool and the conduit, in the seventeenth year, in the second (day), in the fourth (month),” the deciphered inscription says in its first two lines.

By Galil’s calculation, this means it was completed in the year 709 BC. Hezekiah is believed to have ascended to the throne in about 726 BC, so it seems he must have ordered the construction of the tunnel in the very early days of his reign.

Left; Hezekiah's Tunnel ( Tamar Hayardeni/ CC BY 3.0 ) Right; Hand-colored photo/print of the site of the Pool of Siloam. (c. 1865)   

Public Domain )

Hezekiah’s Tunnel? The Truth is Revealed

The Gihon Spring was an underground water source located outside the walls of the ancient City of David (ancient Jerusalem). Its presence made the settlement of the City possible, and it was connected to the areas of settlement by a series of tunnels that allowed access to the spring in some cases and diversion of its water flow in others.

The story of how the Siloam Tunnel was built was revealed in 1880, when explorers in the now-dry underground aqueduct found an inscription on a wall that described the process in detail. But this inscription didn’t contain any text that would prove conclusively that it was built during the time of Hezekiah, as the Bible states in the Book of Kings and Book of Chronicles.

In 1909, another set of engravings was found on a rock wall in an access tunnel leading to the entrance of the Siloam Tunnel. But on initial examination this appeared to include only the frames used to surround inscriptions, with nothing written inside of them. The final verdict was that someone had intended to inscribe something here, but for one reason or another had never gotten around to it.

But Eli Shukron, long recognized as one of the most knowledgeable of all the archaeologists who’ve performed excavations in ancient Jerusalem, wasn’t so sure. He believed there might be faint inscriptions inside the frames that had not previously been detected, because they weren’t obvious to the naked eye. To prove his theory, Shukron recruited Gerston Galil to help him study the rock wall engravings more carefully.

“We took high-quality photos of these ‘frames,’ Professor Galil explained. “It soon became clear that there were indeed exciting and surprising texts there.”

• Ancient Judahites Performed Cannabis Ceremonies on the “High-Way” to Yahweh
• Israeli Forensic Police Investigator Helps Solve Bible-era Mystery

Inscription 3 has the names and deeds of the biblical King Hezekiah of Judah in ancient Israel.

(Eli Shukrun/ The Jerusalem Post )

Through their enterprising work, the Israeli archaeologists overturned a consensus that had held sway for more than a century.

“It turned out that there is an extremely impressive inscription there. Though eroded by time, the vast majority of the letters are legible,” Galil said.

In total the newly discovered inscriptions included 11 lines of text, which the archaeologists were able to comprehend in their entirety.

Galil explained that the ancient text was divided into five sections, arranged in literary rather than chronological order. These included the title of the inscription, referencing King Hezekiah, an accounting of his construction of the Siloam water project, a brief mention of his most notable military success (“he smote the Philistines from Ekron to Gaza”), lines about his actions as a religious reformer, and finally a boast about his wealth and the wealth of his kingdom, describing how he’d accumulated “a lot of silver and gold, perfumes and good ointment” in his treasure houses.

“This is an extremely important discovery that changes [some basic assumptions of] research, since until today it was commonly accepted that the kings of Israel and Judah, unlike the kings of the ancient Middle East, did not make themselves royal inscriptions and monuments… to commemorate their achievements,” Galil said.

Even More Confirmatory Evidence Emerges

The results of this new analysis seem conclusive. But Professors Galil and Shukron have produced an additional piece of evidence linking Hezekiah with the Siloam Tunnel . This is in the form of a small rock tablet, which contains a short inscription in Old Hebrew script that the two archaeologists were able to recently decipher, after more than a decade of determined effort.

Hezekiah inscription in Jerusalem

(Photo: Vladimir Neichin, Elad foundation)

The palm-sized tablet was discovered by Eli Shukron and another colleague in a man-made pool inside the Siloam Tunnel in 2007. It was mixed in with a collection of pottery shards that were dated to the 8th century BC.

The artifact contained just two lines of inscribed text, which Galil and Shukron have now translated into modern language. According to the archaeologists, this ancient writing says the following:

“Hezekiah built the pool in Jerusalem.”

So in a very short period of time, the same two archaeologists have produced two separate translations of ancient writings that show King Hezekiah was indeed responsible for the construction of the Siloam water project, as most scholars have long believed.

“In these new inscriptions, there are answers to many issues that scholars have debated for years,” Professor Galil said, speaking of the results of his and Professor Shukron’s work in total. “The inscriptions are evidence that Hezekiah carried out a comprehensive reform (before 709 BC) and even that he conquered Philistia, especially Ekron, and stationed soldiers there (in 712 BC). Moreover, Hezekiah is indeed the king who built the pool and the Siloam Tunnel and not others.”

The contents of the inscriptions and the story of how they were discovered and eventually deciphered will be revealed in full in an upcoming book entitled “The Inscriptions of Hezekiah King of Judah,” which Galil and Shukron will be co-authoring.

• Top image: Photo of a replica of the previous Hezekiah’s tunnel inscription
•  Source: Public Domain

By Nathan Falde

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

21-12-2022 om 01:39 geschreven door peter  

We Could Spread Life to the Milky Way With Comets. But Should We?

Here’s a thorny problem: What if life doesn’t always appear on planets that can support it? What if we find more and more exoplanets and determine that some of them are habitable? What if we also determine that life hasn’t appeared on them yet?

Could we send life-bringing comets to those planets and seed them with terrestrial life? And if we could do that, should we?

This is the question that a new research article in the journal Astrobiology explores. The paper is “Directed Panspermia Using Interstellar Comets.” The authors are Christopher P. McKay, Paul C.W. Davies, and Simon P. Worden. They’re from NASA’s Ames Research Center, the Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science at Arizona State University, and Breakthrough Initiatives, respectively.

The idea that life spreads throughout the Universe is called panspermia. (Ancient Greek: pan meaning all and sperma meaning seed.) It’s not a new idea. The Greek philosopher Anaxagoras first proposed it back in the 5th century BCE. He wasn’t explicit about it but mentioned that seeds might be part of the Universe. Historians have put two and two together to divine what he meant. Basically, according to panspermia, life exists throughout the Universe and was spread by asteroids, comets, and even space dust—seeds, according to Anaxagoras.

Some researchers have proposed that powerful impacts on planets like Earth or Mars could eject microbe-carrying rocks into space. Mars has lower gravity than Earth, and we know that impacts on Mars have sent rock into space. We’ve found over 270 of them on Earth. Since it happened on Mars, it would’ve happened in other cases and in other solar systems.

We also suspect Mars was inhabited by microbes billions of years ago. This is speculative, but Martian microbes could’ve hitched a ride on impact-ejected rocks and been sufficiently sheltered from the hazards in space to endure a long journey. Eventually, the rock could’ve crashed into another body, and if the heat from the impact didn’t wipe out any surviving microbes and if the body they crashed into was hospitable, life could theoretically spread this way. Multiply that idea by the immense number of collisions in solar systems throughout the Milky Way, and the panspermia idea starts to take shape.

That’s accidental, or natural, panspermia. But if a civilization did this on purpose, it’s called directed panspermia. That’s the subject of the paper, and the civilization is ours.

We don’t know how life originated on Earth. We know some of the necessary conditions, but our knowledge is full of gaps. So by extension, we don’t know how it could originate on other worlds. “We have a scant idea of the appropriate geological/chemical setting for non-life to transform into life, with most of the popular scenarios being largely unproven and no consensus has emerged,” the authors point out.

We know life exists, obviously, and we suspect it may exist elsewhere. But we don’t know if all planets that can support life have life on them. “It may well be that a favourable location for life’s origin is very different from a planetary environment in which life might be successfully sustained over the long term,” the authors write.

Panspermia doesn’t address the question of how life started. It asks us to consider how life might spread from world to world in the Milky Way rather than appear on each world separately. The Milky Way galaxy contains around 200 billion stars. 200 billion stars is an awful lot of solar systems, planets, asteroid belts, Kuiper Belts, and Oort Clouds. If panspermia does occur, it has lots of opportunities.

Our Solar System is a puzzle, and each planet and moon is a piece of it. Mars likely had life in the past, but not anymore, unless it’s somewhere underground, sheltered from the inhospitable surface. There’s intriguing evidence that some of the icy moons, like Enceladus and Europa, have hospitable oceans under thick ice caps. And distant, frigid, Titan is the only body besides Earth with liquid on its surface, though it’s not water. Then there’s itself, a planet that “ripples with life,” in Carl Sagan’s words. Could panspermia be the thread that somehow connects all these pieces?

One of our Solar System’s puzzles is life on Earth and how rapidly it appeared. The young Earth was barely habitable when life appeared. Cellular life might date back as far as 3.95 billion years ago. At that time, Earth had just emerged from the Hadean eon, when our young, barely recognizable planet was wrapped in a thick, carbon dioxide atmosphere and ruled by super-heated conditions.

Some scientists wonder how endogenous life could have appeared so soon after the Hadean. Though there’s a lack of clarity, this thinking does support the idea of panspermia, at least potentially. Earth and other young planets might be able to support life seeded by panspermia before their own life could appear.

Modern thinkers have fleshed out the panspermia idea in detail. We may soon be able to characterize all of the exoplanets in a 100-light-year sphere centred on our Solar System. There are nascent proposals to send spacecraft carrying terrestrial life to any planets that could harbour it. These are largely thought experiments, but time has a way of passing, and someday humanity may have to wrestle with the idea more realistically.

The authors point out that this idea is physically possible (With lots of caveats.) But what about the expense? What about spacecraft reliability?

Nature already produces objects capable of long interstellar voyages: comets. They’ve become part of the discussion around directed panspermia and form the bulk of this research article. “In this article, we build on the foregoing research and propose the concept of directed panspermia using interstellar comets as opposed to dedicated spacecraft,” the authors explain.

The article is motivated by specific events from the last few years. In 2017, the interstellar object ‘Oumuamua passed through our Solar System. Two years later, the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov also briefly visited our Solar System. They were the first two observed interstellar objects (ISOs) to pass through our system, making Borisov the first comet we’ve seen doing so. These occurrences beg the two-pronged question, how many more ISOs have/will make the same journey?

The discovery of two ISOs in such a short period of time is a result of our technological advancements and the large number of telescopes that watch the skies. There were certainly many others in the Solar System’s long history, and there will be many more in the future. They are likely common, and they present an opportunity, according to the authors.

“Interstellar comets enable low-cost directed panspermia that is potentially wide in scope in terms of the number of possible probes and range ultimately covered,” they write. A 2021 study predicted that a total of about 6.9 objects like 2I/Borisov per year should pass within one AU of the Sun. When the Vera Rubin Observatory comes online sometime in 2023, we’ll start finding these ISOs, maybe five per year.

Comet Borisov is particularly interesting to the authors. Its size is uncertain, but estimates put it as large as 16 km in diameter. That makes it large enough to shelter an inoculant from radiation. It lost mass during its journey through the inner Solar System, but that’s actually good. The dust it left behind “… can be a mechanism for disseminating inoculum,” they explain.

The authors explain how comets like Borisov could be used to spread life throughout the Milky Way. Panspermia by ISO would be a combination of natural and directed panspermia. “It combines them effectively, using interstellar comets as transporters of opportunity by adding biological inoculum to the comet without attempting to change its trajectory,” they explain.

The ideal inoculum would be a collection of life forms that could successfully seed different habitats on different exoplanets. “Inoculum for planets with liquid water on the surface, such as Earth and early Mars, may be set to develop rapidly into diverse and complex life evolving in tandem with the planetary environment,” the authors write. For moons like Enceladus, Earthly methanogens might be the most suitable inoculum.

The inoculum needn’t be restricted to single-celled organisms. Small multicellular organisms might make the most sense, at least in some instances. The hardy tardigrades appear in the paper because they can survive the vacuum and radiation in space.

If humanity ever undertakes a program of directed panspermia, genetically-modified organisms might play a role. That technology will probably be necessary because there could be a wide variety of habitable worlds that are nothing like Earth. We have them in our Solar System, and the best example might be Titan. It’s the only body other than Earth with surface liquid. “But as synthetic biotechnology advances, we might be able to construct life forms that could thrive on Titan and in other non-water habitats discovered on exoplanets in the future,” the authors explain.

This could all be a wasted effort, and the authors acknowledge that. Is it really as simple as plopping some life forms onto a planet? “A serious argument that might be advanced against panspermia stems from the point of view that life is a planetary phenomenon forming a complex globally distributed web of interdependent organisms that exchange material and information,” they write. “Therefore, merely dropping a few microbes on a habitable but otherwise barren planet would not successfully seed it.”

In that case, the inoculum would have to be a much more custom design. It would have to be a web of its own, designed for a specific environment, that could successfully implement the relationships between life forms that characterize biospheres like Earth’s. That’s a difficult proposition. “Determining the minimal subset of organisms required is a formidable challenge that may require significant advances in our understanding of the web of life.”

But things get really tricky when we imagine a future where all of this starts to become possible. We’ll be exploring some of Jupiter’s icy moons soon, and a mission to Titan will likely become a reality. What will we find? If they’re barren but look like they can support life, will we be tempted?

Some familiar, uncomfortable questions arise. The more powerful our technologies become, the more far-reaching the consequences of using them. Technological advancements like genetic modification and climate engineering engender powerful responses as people consider how they could go wrong. These concerns would “… carry over with a vengeance to the purposeful dissemination of life across the galaxy,” the authors write.

‘Now them crazy scientists want to plow ahead and start messing with the entire galaxy,’ some will think, and we can see the headlines and opinion pieces in our mind’s eyes. But we’re nowhere near doing any of this so we can pull ourselves back from the ledge and think soberly about it.

A critical question around directed panspermia poses itself before we even get to the questions of ‘can we’ or ‘should we.’ We simply don’t know how many planets that could support life actually have life. “Astrobiological optimists tend to assume that habitable planets are very likely to be inhabited,” the authors write. But that’s only an assumption.

With all we don’t know, it’s entirely possible that only a tiny fraction of habitable planets and moons have life on them. Maybe there are a billion or more planets and moons that can support life, like blank canvasses, but natural panspermia hasn’t reached them yet. “… it is entirely possible that only an exceedingly small fraction of all habitable planets actually hosts life,” the authors point out.

What if panspermia is a natural part of the Universe, and since we’re a natural part of the Universe, we have a role to play in spreading life? Maybe we even have the duty to do so. Maybe Earth was seeded by directed panspermia. Maybe a long-dead civilization faced what we’re facing now and decided to go for it.

That’s a lot of maybes, but that’s the nature of these questions. Another maybe is that this may be how it goes for civilizations. Maybe civilizations never become the advanced types laid out in the Kardashev Scale. Maybe they reach a point, one that’s quickly approaching for humanity, where the Great Filter looms over all our affairs. Maybe, when civilizations reach that point, all they can do is try to spread life. And the decision might have to be made long before we understand exactly what’s going on with life in the galaxy.

That’s a whole bunch of maybes strung together on an uncertain trajectory. But there’s another string of maybes and what-ifs that leads to caution when we follow it, and the authors outline these concerns.

What if we send life to a planet thinking it’s uninhabited, but it’s only at the very beginning of hosting life? In that case, our good intentions might end in disaster, as that planet’s life is snuffed out by Terran life that outcompetes it.

What if we base our panspermia decisions on biosignatures, but our understanding of biosignatures is too biased towards Earth life? That could also end in disaster as our robust, genetically engineered microbes committed a uni-cellular atrocity and wiped out the planet’s existing life.

Or, our life-bearing comet might find an appropriate uninhabited target and successfully seed it with microbe-carrying dust. But what if it didn’t stop there and seeded other planets that were already inhabited? That’s another disaster, as our good intentions manifest as an invasion or even a weapon.

The situation quickly grows complex. But it leads us back to questions about exactly what happened on Earth.

Early Earth life bubbled along for a long time before photosynthesis appeared. That changed everything, as oxygen became more concentrated in the atmosphere and complex life appeared and took over the planet. What if the genetic ability to perform photosynthesis was seeded through panspermia, either directed or natural? What if life on Earth never made the energy-exploiting jump to photosynthesis without a boost from panspermia?

We’ve got a lot more to learn about comets before any of this even approaches practicality. In 2019, the ESA selected the Comet Interceptor mission from among several candidate missions. They hope to launch it in 2029. The Interceptor will sit and wait at the Sun-Earth L₂ point for a suitable Long Period Comet (LPC) to approach the inner Solar System. By 2029, we’ll have more powerful telescopes that can identify a good comet long before it reaches the inner Solar System.

When one is found, the Comet Interceptor will deploy two smaller probes to intercept the comet. The mission is purely scientific. LPCs are pristine objects, holders of clues to the origins of our Solar System. The probes will study the comet in detail and create a rich 3D model of the comet and the region that surrounds it as it moves through space.

There will likely be many more comet-exploring missions in the near future. We’ll keep learning about them and which ones might serve as vehicles for panspermia. As time marches on, we’ll get closer to executing some sort of panspermia strategy. Maybe circumstances will force our hand.

The authors say that the idea of directed panspermia has migrated from the outright absurd to something that needs to be thought of more seriously, and the discovery of interstellar comets is responsible. “Until recently, the idea that humans could literally sow the seeds of a cosmic transformation having multi-million-year downstream consequences would have been regarded as absurd,” they write. “But the discovery of interstellar comets has changed all that.”

In their article, the authors outline their vision of a biological Universe. Panspermia’s objective “… is to enhance the richness and diversity of life in the universe,” they say. We don’t have the technology to do it, but future generations will. “Although we currently lack the technology to harness these comets as biological delivery vehicles, there is no difficulty in understanding what is needed to do so and in refining the strategy to achieve the goal of seeding the galaxy with life suitably constructed to thrive in a variety of exoplanetary environments.”

That’s a positive outlook, but there’s a haunting aspect to panspermia, too. All stars burn out and fade away, and no world remains hospitable forever. Maybe natural panspermia leaves too much to chance, and we have a duty to spread life wherever we can because every instance of life faces extinction.

From that vantage point, is there really any difference between directed and natural panspermia? Maybe we’re agents of nature, and we’ll know it’s the right thing to do when we know it’s the right thing to do. Maybe the Great Filter will force our hand, and we’ll take a bold step. Humanity’s boldest step and defining act might be spreading life elsewhere, hoping it can find hospitable cradles throughout the galaxy. The cycle can continue, and life can persist.

Panspermia could be our grand gesture and a tip of the hat to life before we fade away. If it were a scene in a science fiction film, the setting would be a dying, resource-depleted Earth, with its biosphere in tatters and its aging Sun bathing it all in an eerie light. The last few hundred thousand bedraggled humans would gather what resources they could and build one last spacecraft. They’d watch the flare of a rocket one last time, loaded with inoculant and headed for a rendezvous with a suitable interstellar comet that’s passing through our inner Solar System.

That may sound melodramatic, but is there something more dramatic than birth and death on a galactic scale?

“Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.”

Now, back to your cubicle.

More:

• Research Article: Directed Panspermia Using Interstelr Comets
• NASA Astrobiology: In Search of Panspermia
• Universe Today: Asteroids are Dangerous, but They Might Also be the Key to Life on Earth

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

21-12-2022 om 01:10 geschreven door peter  

Mothership Over Sao Paulo, Brazil Dec 12, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Dec 12, 2022

Location of sighting: Sao Paulo, Brazil

This is a video of an important event in Brazil. An eyewitness was driving and noticed an unusual disk light in the sky. The outer edge of the disk was lit up and the disk itself was nearly half a mile across! It was seen over the mountain for a few minutes and then disappeared. It looks as if aliens are deeply interested in Brazil. Since Brazil is against the ocean, it stands to reason that this UFO was heading to or from an under water alien base not far off shore. But the Amazon jungle could also hide an ancient base 5km below it. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states: 

Mystery in the sky, I filmed this strange formation in the sky of Sao Paulo yesterday! It was around 9:45 PM local time in São Paulo Brazil when I drove my vehicle down this street and saw the strange formation in the sky, so I slowed down and decided to film it, I posted the video on a local page where many commented that they also saw such formation from other parts of the city. I had mixed feelings, I was both scared and dazzled by that vision, and it certainly wasn't a natural phenomenon but something unknown in the sky.

 

Plz visit eyewitness at 

• https://www.instagram.com/reel/CmCFuHorowz/ https://www.instagram.com/reel/CmCFuHorowz/

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

20-12-2022 om 23:44 geschreven door peter  

A dog walker claims she's captured footage of a 'demon ghost' crawling across the path in an infamous haunted National Trust country park in England - so shocking that it's turned her skeptical hubby into a 'believer'. 

Hannah and Dave Rowett were walking their Labradors through the supposedly haunted forest in Clumber Park, Nottinghamshire, around 6.30am earlier this month when the mum 'felt they weren't alone'. 

The 52-year-old quickly pulled out her phone and captured a 'scary' white silhouette crossing the path in front of her as she follows it with a torch. 

The footage shows an odd white mist that quickly materializes into a form that resembles a figure which then hastily moves across the path in front of her before vanishing into thin air. Although she initially suspected that the anomaly was the spirit of a dog, Hannah now believes that it was humanoid in nature and mused that "it's quite demonic in the way it's crawling and has long limbs" reports CoasttoCoast.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

20-12-2022 om 23:15 geschreven door peter  

A mysterious brightly glowing object moving at high speed through the water, low above the water or shallow under the water, was caught on a surveillance camera on the beach of Encinitas, California. 

At some point the glowing object emerges from the water followed by a bright flash and disappears into thin air. When zoomed in on the bright flash it shows a triangular UFO. 

It is again proof that UFOs disappear into the ocean, as well as take off again, especially in the area off coast California and Santa Catalina Island and San Clemente Island which islands are known for its many UFO sightings reported by the Navy and local residents over the years.

  

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{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

20-12-2022 om 23:03 geschreven door peter  

Latest UFO Sightings: Mysterious Lights Appear in Wisconsin Skies, Baffling Witnesses

On December 1, multiple witnesses in rural Wisconsin reported seeing strange lights in the sky. The lights were filmed from different locations and were described as white, glowing objects and multicolored lights flashing, swooping in circles, and darting across the sky. Some witnesses ruled out searchlights on the ground as a possible explanation for the phenomena. Some of the sightings occurred a few hours apart in different locations, including West Bend, Howard, and Greenfield.

In multiple videos shared by DailyMail.com, witnesses can be seen shooting videos of strange lights moving across the sky in rural Wisconsin on December 1. These include one who had a terrifying encounter with the lights.

The lights, which appeared to move at speeds of up to 150 mph, left the witnesses convinced that they saw a UFO. This case is different from other similar UFO sightings as it has multiple witnesses who were not acquainted with each other and captured the phenomenon at the same time.

The Daily Mail was able to obtain videos of the encounters from two individuals, who are identified as Ken and Kimberly, who are from West Bend and Fredonia, respectively.

According to Kimberly, she and her husband were driving home at around 10:45 pm when they saw the strange lights. She said that they initially thought that they saw a white owl. She noted that on rare occasions, they would see an animal fly past their headlights as they were driving on country roads.

They initially thought that the object was an animal until it flew past their car three times. They then noticed that the white lights in the sky were moving in the same direction. They initially thought that the object was an alien or something else.

As they were driving, she said that they started to see the lights as they were leaning forward into their car’s windshield. They couldn’t wrap their heads around what they saw. They watched the object for a couple of minutes before they could realize that it was moving. They then used their phones to record the incident.

According to Kimberly, the night was clear and normal in Wisconsin. She said that instead of the UFO lights shining from the ground, she thought that they were in the sky. In videos shared by Ken and Kimberly, they can see multiple lights appear in a row. A fifth appears from the left in the background as they circle together.

In one of Kimberly’s videos, the lights appeared in a tight cluster overhead, and they then split into multiple lights and flew away to the east. Ken, who was 54 years old at the time of the incident, started filming after he saw the lights in the sky over Fredonia, Wisconsin.

According to the weather data, there were no storms or clouds in the area that night. A federal air traffic controller noted that he did not see anything on radar. He was also not able to identify the aircraft that appeared in the sky. Another witness posted videos of the incident on Facebook, which were taken from outside her home.

In one of her videos, Andrea Lynn captured four different videos of the multicolored lights dancing across the sky.

In her post on her Facebook page, Andrea asked the people of Green Bay, Wisconsin, to share their observations about the mysterious lights.

The National Weather Service also informed her that they spotted the same lights a week later. In the first video, which was taken from a suburban sidewalk, a white light appears in the sky before disappearing. Three more lights then appear in a triangular shape before the central light disappears.

In the second video, a bright yellow light streaked across the sky before it stopped moving. It then speeds up and disappears as it flies away. In the third video, a blue light appears in the clouds. Two yellow lights then dance around the sky before abruptly darting away.

On December 2, Chris Nowak was driving with his family to West Allis, Wisconsin, to visit the Candycane Lane lights. This is a tradition for the family. While driving over Interstate 43 at around 6:55 pm, his wife saw the same strange lights.

According to Nowak, he was completely blown away by the phenomenon, which he described as a row of illumination. It appeared to be moving rapidly across the sky.

He and his family were able to see the lights for about 20 miles during their trip. He said that the phenomenon was moving from southwest to northeast across the sky. After five minutes, he decided to start filming the lights in a church parking lot. He captured what appeared to be a bright blue light as it hovered in the clouds. Then, multiple white lights streaked across the sky.

According to Nowak, the lights appeared as three different beams moving across the sky at an incredible speed. He dismissed the idea that searchlight installations were behind the phenomenon.

The strange looking objects in the videos caught the attention of a meteorologist friend, who couldn’t explain what exactly happened. Nowak shared the videos with the weather expert, who struggled to come up with a possible explanation. That night, two women driving on a road in Brighton, Michigan captured videos of the same lights.

Tasha Lynn and Kenna VanBrocklyn posted a video of the mysterious lights dancing in the clouds on their Facebook page. The strange phenomenon has caused some people to shout out their astonishment. Some believe the lights were searchlight installations or a light show at a country club.

Ben Hansen, a former FBI agent, first spotted the three individuals who were identified as Ken, Chris, and Kimberly on his television show UFO Witness. He conducted an investigation for DailyMail.com. Due to the totality of the situation, Hansen said that the case became more compelling.

According to Ben Hansen, a former FBI agent, he believed that the sightings of Ken and Kimberly were hard to explain away. He noted that there were several factors that didn’t add up to the explanation. For instance, there’s no evidence suggesting that searchlight installations have been permitted in the area, and the speed and intensity of the lights didn’t conform with current technology.

According to Hansen, the majority of reported sightings of UFOs are light anomalies instead of traditional shapes such as cylinders, triangles, and disks. These new sightings are similar to the reported sightings of the Foo Fighters in World War II and the lights that appeared over Washington DC in 1952.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

20-12-2022 om 22:07 geschreven door peter  

Are Aliens Spying On NASA With A UFO In The Sky?

Some people believe that a mysterious circle of light spotted over Houston led them to believe that a UFO was flying over the city.

NASA has a long history with the city of Houston, Texas, and residents are accustomed to seeing strange sights in the sky. However, one particular sighting in August 2014 left many people scratching their heads.

A resident of Houston stepped outside to film a building storm and captured footage of a circle of lights hovering in the sky. The object was clearly visible from the ground and appeared to be large. When the footage appeared online, people speculated about the possible causes of the anomaly. One theory was that it was simply light reflecting off the clouds. Another popular explanation was that it was an example of ball lightning, a rare and mysterious orb of light often associated with thunderstorms. However, the circular shape of the Houston anomaly made this theory unlikely.

As more people reported similar sightings in a range of different conditions, it became clear that the lights were not caused by the weather. Some speculated that the lights could be connected to an advanced NASA craft, such as the LDSD (low density supersonic decelerator), a flying saucer designed to help humans reach Mars. However, it was eventually suggested that the lights were simply street lights reflected off the wet road surface during the storm.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

20-12-2022 om 21:48 geschreven door peter