Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
16-01-2023
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 16/01/2023
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 16/01/2023
SpaceX Falcon Heavy launches classified USSF-67 Space Force mission, nails landings
A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket launched the USSF-67 mission for the US Space Force on Jan. 15, 2023. The rocket lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Several minutes after launch the side boosters touched down safely back at SpaceX's landing zones at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The core booster was not recovered to maximize fuel availability.
Credit: SpaceX
FALCON HEAVY - SpaceX Launches USSF-67
Falcon Heavy is launching the classified USSF-67 mission to geostationary orbit for the US Space Force. Liftoff is scheduled for 5:55 PM EST (22:55 UTC) from LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The side boosters, B1064-2 and B1065-2, will attempt landings at Landing Zones 1 and 2. The center core, B1070-1, will be expended.
Mysterious Satellite Captured on Camera: The UnXplained (Season 3)
While constructing the international space station, astronauts capture a strange object on camera, which raises suspicions around the world. See more in this clip from Season 3, "The Search For Extraterrestrial Life."
Watch all new episodes of The UnXplained, streaming now, on The HISTORY Channel website athttp://history.com/schedule.
The Present TIME DOES NOT EXIST - We are being deceived
Brian Greene - Did The Universe Emerge Inside a Black Hole?
Brian Greene - Did The Universe Emerge Inside a Black Hole?
The big bang theory explains the beginning of our universe. But could the entirety of our universe be inside a black hole? Theoretical physicist Brian Greene explains this bizarre hypothesis in cosmology.
The idea that our universe may be entirely contained within a black hole is a mind-bending concept that has been explored by physicists for decades.
This hypothesis draws upon both general relativity and quantum mechanics, and could provide answers to some of the most perplexing questions in cosmology, such as the origin of the universe and the source of dark energy.
But, are there any observable effects that could indicate that our universe is inside of a black hole?
Virtually all cosmologists and theoretical physicists endorse the idea that the universe emerged during a single moment some 13.8 billion years ago.
That, in a nutshell, is the Big Bang theory. Evidence supporting the idea is extensive and convincing.
However, a few profound questions about dark matter, dark energy, and cosmic expansion have some astronomers rethinking what we know about the early universe.
Some scientists have revisited a decades old idea that our observable universe right now might exist on the interior of an enormous black hole.
That could potentially explain the origin of dark matter and dark energy, as torsion, a property of spacetime caused by the black hole, could be the source.
According to Brian Greene, the possibility of our universe being inside a black hole is an interesting puzzle that has been explored by scientists for many years. However this idea remains only a hypothesis and currently we have no ways to test it.
For the first time, US scientists have achieved a fusion reaction with net energy gain. But the dream of limitless zero-carbon energy is still a long way from reality. The FT's Simon Mundy meets scientists and investors in the UK, France and US, to see how close we really are to commercial fusion power.
Nuclear Fusion: Inside the breakthrough that could change our world | 60 Minutes
On December 5th, scientists at the National Ignition Facility reached a breakthrough in nuclear fusion by producing a reaction with an energy gain. It could be a step toward a world in the distant future where fusion is a source of power.
TOP 10 UFO SIGHTINGS OF 2022 | The Proof Is Out There
Check out this The Proof Is Out There compilation featuring the top 10 moments from 2022.
00:00:00 - Chapter 1: GIANT FLAME SPOTTED IN FLORIDA SKY
00:04:46 - Chapter 2: FLAMING UFO OVER CANADA - "Something Out of This World!"
00:08:40 - Chapter 3: CUBE-SHAPED UFO SHOCKS PILOT
NASA astronaut Frank Rubio Flips Off Space Station Live Cam, UFO Sighting News.
NASA astronaut Frank Rubio Flips Off Space Station Live Cam, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 2023
Location of sighting: International Space Station
Hey all, I was watching the live space station cam, searching for UFOs or orbs when I noticed an astronaut giving the bird to the camera. At first it seems accidental, but then he flips his finger straight out and tenses up the muscles in his hand, clearly sending a message to the world watching. It looks like it was NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, who flipped the bird. It's just something you don't ever see, but might be curious about. The first recorded bird in space, by an American of course. I'm sure the space station cam signal is traveling though space in many directions, soon to be discovered by an alien species who thinks this is a sign of greetings, only to fly to earth giving everyone the bird in hopes of being accepted by humanity. And of course, they would be.
Intentional or unintentional, this video is still proof it happened. Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
UFO Shoots Out Beam Of Lighting Over Solihull, England 6-17-2020, UFO Sighting News. Video
UFO Shoots Out Beam Of Lighting Over Solihull, England 6-17-2020, UFO Sighting News. Video
Date of sighting: 6-17-2020 Location of sighting: Solihull, England
A really great catch, this video shows some unique movements with and even more rare sighting of a beam of light coming out of the UFO. Such lights have been seen in other past sightings, like the Fire In the Sky sighting that took place on Nov 5, 1975 at Snowflake, Arizona.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I saw a large object in the sky around 4:00am UK time, it was lit up red and had a light beam shining down. It was completely silent and moving from side to side in a straight line. By the time I had ran upstairs to grab my phone and record it, the object had moved further back and appeared smaller and this video is what I captured. The object then moved to the left in a straight line and then completely disappeared. I am certain this was not a drone, plane or helicopter as it made absolutely no sound.
In the past couple of years, various videos and reports of strange flying objects have been presented to the public. These include footage taken by Navy fighter pilots and drone operators. We will be taking a closer look at these encounters and examining the evidence to see if they are truly extraterrestrial.
The first instance was reported in California, where an air reporter captured footage of a large cloud of smoke. Out of the haze came an odd-looking object, which was described as a cigar-shaped or narrow aircraft. According to journalist Michael Banayas, this type of UFO has been seen for decades or more. After further analysis, it turned out that the object was a container ship that was flying off the coast.
In the second incident, a video was taken by a drone operator, which showed an unidentified object. After analyzing the footage, a video forensics expert named Michael Primo said that he believed the object was a UFO. However, after further examination, he discovered that the object was most likely a bird.
A French-speaking family in Quebec, Canada, captured video footage of an unusual object in the sky. It appeared to have glowing green and red lights, and it wasn’t clear how the object stayed above the clouds. According to MJ Benais, who is a journalist, Canada has a lot of UFO sightings. Although the experts who analyzed the footage could not determine what the object was, they noted that there have been more sightings in Quebec than in other provinces.
The drone operator was not able to identify the object in the video, which he captured while flying near his drone. Initially, aviation expert Tim McMillon thought that the object might have been hail, but after further examination, it was later revealed that it wasn’t heavy enough to support a drone.
In another incident, a UFO was seen hovering near a flaming volcano. Although the object looked like it was on fire, it was not clear what it was or how it stayed airborne. After examining the footage, aviation experts were not able to determine what the object was.
Retiree snaps photo of UFO resembling “Close Encounters” hovering above residence for minutes
Retiree snaps photo of UFO resembling “Close Encounters” hovering above residence for minutes
Some people try to disprove the existence of UFOs by gathering circumstantial evidence such as weather reports, statistics, and graphs. However, the truth is that the flying object was in the control of intelligent beings. Researchers and enthusiasts also believe that the phenomenon is real.
On February 28, 2016, John MacDonald, a 65-year old pensioner from Perth, Scotland, was driving home after visiting his friend. He heard strange noises while driving. He then saw a strange object flying in the sky.
He was not aware of the strange lights until he heard the beat and looked through his binoculars. As the object hovered, he took a couple of photos. Then, a few minutes later, the object disappeared. He wondered if he scared it away with the flashes from his camera.
He believes that the object was an alien spacecraft. He estimated that it was about 50 to 70 yards from him when he took the photos. The Civil Aviation Authority of Scotland said that flying in the dark would be very challenging.
People who refuse to acknowledge the existence of alien life offer various proofs and facts in support of their claims. They believe that the public is always looking for unusual and strange occurrences. Also, flying objects cannot operate without the government’s permission.
Airports have strict procedures in place to deal with unusual and unexpected situations, which means that flying objects are not allowed to operate. Even if skeptics are not convinced by the evidence, things can still go on.
He believes that the object was an alien spacecraft. He estimated that it was about 50 to 70 yards from him when he took the photos. The Civil Aviation Authority of Scotland said that flying in the dark would be very challenging.
People who refuse to acknowledge the existence of alien life offer various proofs and facts in support of their claims. They believe that the public is always looking for unusual and strange occurrences. Also, flying objects cannot operate without the government’s permission.
Airports have strict procedures in place to deal with unusual and unexpected situations, which means that flying objects are not allowed to operate. Even if skeptics are not convinced by the evidence, things can still go on.
The US government released a report about the increasing number sightings of unidentified flying objects. According to the report, which was prepared by the Pentagon in 2022, the number of reported incidents has increased significantly. There were over 300 million incidents involving the UFOs during the past year.
Most of the reports about UFOs came from US Air Force and Navy pilots. The report also talked about the strange sightings of transmedium objects, which are objects that move between the atmosphere and space. Despite the lack of reported collisions involving U.S. aircraft, the report stated that these types of objects pose a flight hazard.
Although the report doesn’t identify the nature of the objects, it shows that the government is taking the issue seriously.
Operation Highjump | Mission: Find and Destroy the Secret Nazi UFO Base In Antarctica
Operation Highjump | Mission: Find and Destroy the Secret Nazi UFO Base In Antarctica
In August 1946, a military operation known as Operation Highjump was carried out. It was led by Admiral Richard Byrd, who was a prominent naval officer in history. The primary goal of the expedition was to carry out military training and scientific research. Other objectives were also included in the operation.
One of the objectives of the operation was to extend the American’s sovereignty over Antarctica. It was also tasked with finding and destroying a Nazi base and capturing its new weapon, which was reportedly flying saucers.
The Nazis had already explored Antarctica before. In 1938, Hitler ordered the SS Schwabenland to carry out an expedition in an attempt to find ancient artifacts. The expedition, which started on December 17, was one of the many that Hitler had planned.
The SS Schwabenland, which was mainly composed of scientists and engineers, was also accompanied by members of a German occult group known as the Thule Society. The group believed that there is a race of humans called the Aryans living deep within the Earth. The group was tasked with finding and making contact with the members of the Aryans residing in the hollow Earth, as well as establishing a secret underground base.
After reaching the coast of Antarctica, the ship continued to map the continent for the next couple of weeks. During aerial reconnaissance, they were able to see what was referred to as an Arctic oasis, which was an area that was free of ice and contained plant life.
The area was ideal for a base since it had a geothermal vent, which kept the ocean relatively warm. This was where Base 211, which was an underground facility, would be established.
During World War II, the facility became a massive complex that was designed to be an offensive base. It was initially constructed to house U-boats and other missiles. However, as the Nazi forces’ fortunes changed, it was decided that Base 211 was the ideal location to escape from.
During the war, a huge amount of supplies and equipment was transported to Antarctica. As the war ended, thousands of Nazi officers and soldiers were smuggled to South America. One of the most prominent German officers who was able to escape was Hans Kamler.
One of the planes that Kamler was able to use was a prototype supply plane that was made by his engineers. It was known as the Ju390, and it had a range of over 4,000 miles. Unfortunately, no sign of the plane or Kamler has been found.
In the months following the war, thousands of strange sightings were reported in South America. The US government was worried that Kamler, as well as his scientists, were hiding in Antarctica. However, these were just rumors, and the only way to find out what happened to them was to visit the continent.
The commander of the mission, Admiral Byrd, was not a pseudo-science fiction expert. He was a real-world military officer who was well-equipped for the mission. As the youngest admiral in the Navy at the time of his expedition, he was leading a massive task force that was sent to Antarctica.
Details about Admiral Byrd’s mission in Antarctica remain unclear. The official report from the US Navy stated that the operation, which was known as Operation Highjump, was a success. It was led by Admiral Byrd, who was one of the most prominent naval officers in the world at that time.
The primary goal of the mission was to conduct military training and scientific research. However, it also had other objectives. One of these was to gain American sovereignty over the continent, which was denied several times by the government. Another objective was to find and destroy a Nazi base.
The Nazis had already explored Antarctica before. In December 1938, Hitler ordered an expedition to the continent that was known as the SS Schwabenland, which was one of the vessels that was sent to participate in the operation. During this time, Hitler was focused on finding ancient artifacts that could have incredible power.
Some of the scientists and engineers on board the SS Schwabenland were also members of a German occultist group known as the Thule Society. They believed that there’s an advanced race of humans called the Aryans living in the South Pole. The SS Schwabenland was tasked with finding a secret underground facility that could be used to make contact with the Aryans.
After reaching the coast of Antarctica, the ship continued to map the entire continent for three weeks. During aerial reconnaissance, they were able to spot what was referred to as an Arctic oasis, which was an area that was free of ice and filled with warm water.
The area was ideal for a base since it had a geothermal vent, which kept the water warm. The Nazis would then build their infamous base known as Base 211, which was located in this region.
During the Second World War, Base 211 became an incredibly large complex. Initially, the facility was designed to be an offensive hub where the Germans could deploy U-boats and other missiles. As the war progressed, it was clear that Base 211 was an ideal location to escape.
During the war, the Nazis were able to transport huge amounts of equipment and supplies to Antarctica. As the war ended, thousands of German officers were able to escape and were hiding in South America. One of the most prominent individuals who was able to escape was Hans Kamler, who headed the Nazis’ secret weapons program.
One of the planes Kamler was able to use was a prototype supply plane that was made by his engineers. It was known as the Ju390, and it had a range of over 4,000 miles. Unfortunately, no sign of the plane or Kamler has been found.
In the months following the war, thousands of reports of UFO sightings were made in South America. The US government believed that Kamler and his team were in Antarctica, and they were operating a secret military base. However, these were just rumors.
The commander of the mission, Admiral David Byrd, was not a pseudo-science conspiracy expert. At the age of 41, he was the youngest admiral in the history of the Navy. During his time in Antarctica, he was part of an expedition that was the biggest naval task force sent to the continent. Unfortunately, the details of what Admiral Byrd and his team were able to find in Antarctica remain unclear.
Some accounts claim that Admiral Byrd’s radio started to work after it had been missing for an hour. Even though its signal had been distorted, a voice started talking in German and informed Admiral Byrd that his plane would land in seven minutes. He was then met by a group of tall blonde men.
Admiral Byrd is then joined by a group of people who are levitating. They rush toward the city at a high speed. He then gets into an elevator, which takes him to an underground chamber. He is then supposed to meet with the “master.”
Admiral Byrd is then led into a room. The “master” is sitting at a table with an older man who claims that he and his group of aliens are known as the Ariani. He says that the race that Admiral Byrd is part of is too immature for the use of atomic energy.
The “master” then claims that their ships have been attacked and chased by fighter planes whenever they try to make contact. He and his group decided to use Admiral Byrd to carry out this message as he was a well-respected individual.
After the meeting, Admiral Byrd is escorted back to the plane. There, a voice on the radio informs the admiral that his aircraft is now under his control. The voice then says that it is Aryans and asks if there is any way that he could disconnect it.
In March 1947, Admiral Byrd was debriefed at the Pentagon after he arrived. He was then ordered to keep quiet about the mission. He never talked about the mission again, and the last entry in his diary dates back several years.
In his diary, Admiral Byrd talks about the long night that he experienced in the Arctic. He feels that he has seen the land beyond the pole, and those who are in darkness will be brought to light.
Three months later, Admiral Byrd died. His diary was found and released as a tribute to his memory. In the following year, the Antarctic Treaty was established, which banned unauthorized individuals from going to the region. Antarctica is bigger in size than Australia and Europe, and it’s off-limits to everyone. Only a few small areas are allowed to be visited in the region.
In 1947, the sailors talked about the strange things that they saw in the area, such as the Nazis’ secret base and the possibility that a civilization is living underground. Since they were prohibited from going to their world, the aliens might have been trying to warn Admiral Byrd before they attack. This could affect the world’s future.
The details of Operation Highjump remain a mystery even though various theories and accounts about the mission have been debunked. It’s uncertain if the admiral actually had an encounter with aliens or if the diary was a fabrication. The existence of extraterrestrial beings and the Nazis’ alleged secret base in Antarctica continue to fuel conspiracy theories.
Conspiracy theorists have presented various theories about the Nazis’ alleged base in Antarctica, such as the idea of a hollow Earth or an advanced race of aliens. Although there has been little concrete evidence presented regarding the location of the base, the possibility of it being operated by the Nazis is still a popular one. During World War II, the Nazis were known for developing advanced technology. It’s possible that the Nazis were working on a secret program in the area.
The strange incidents that happened in the area following Operation Highjump also added to the intrigue. Although some of the sightings were attributed to natural phenomena, the others remain unidentified. The strange behavior of the objects that the sailors saw in 1947 has led to speculations that they might have been extraterrestrials.
The alleged diary of Admiral Byrd, which was released as a tribute to the admiral, and Operation Highjump continue to provide various sources of speculation and mystery. Although some of the theories have been proven, the nature of the mission, the alleged Nazi base in Antarctica, and the presence of aliens in the area remain unexplained.
You won’t believe what these Trowbridge (UK) residents caught on camera: A UFO unlike any other!
You won’t believe what these Trowbridge (UK) residents caught on camera: A UFO unlike any other!
On the evening of August 19, 2022, a group of witnesses in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England, were treated to a spectacular and unusual sight in the sky. The group, who were out and about enjoying the evening, reported seeing bright white and red lights swirling and multiplying in the sky.
According to the witness report, the lights initially appeared small, but they quickly got brighter and continued to swirl around, going up and down and leaving a “glittery” trail behind. At first, the group thought the lights might be a firework or drone, but as the lights continued to split and re-join, they realized that this was not the case.
The witnesses recorded the sighting on their phones, but they reported that the event lasted longer than what they were able to capture. They described the lights as a Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon (UAP) and were amazed by the sight.
This UFO sighting has recently been submitted to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) for further investigation. As one of the leading organizations for investigating UFO sightings, MUFON will likely be conducting interviews with the witnesses and reviewing the evidence to try to determine what exactly was observed in the skies above Trowbridge.
While sightings of UFOs and UAPs are not uncommon, it is always interesting to hear from witnesses who have had the opportunity to observe these phenomena firsthand. This particular sighting in Trowbridge is certainly intriguing and has left many people wondering what exactly it was that was seen in the sky that evening.
What SpaceX Dragon can do is SHOCKED Russia best rocket "Soyuz"
What SpaceX Dragon can do is SHOCKED Russia best rocket "Soyuz" For more than half a century, Soyuz Spacecraft has been the backbone of the Russian Space Program. It is a type of spacecraft that the Soviet Union, and then Russia, have used for decades to launch cosmonauts into space. Today's Soyuz missions are best known for trips to the International Space Station; however, the spacecraft has a long operational history dating back to the 1960s, starting with its first uncrewed mission on Nov. 28, 1966. Over the years, Soyuz spacecraft have sent cosmonauts to several types of space stations — the Almaz series, Salyut series, Mir, and today's ISS. Notably, for years, the only method of delivering crew to the ISS was the Soyuz craft, leading NASA to purchase seats for their astronauts. NASA bought 71 seats at a cost of nearly $4 billion over the course of six years. But as of 2020, the SpaceX Dragon rockets can deliver American crew to the space station. This is also the time when the U.S. trampoline has gradually surpassed Soyuz in almost every respect. At this point, what SpaceX Dragon can do is SHOCKED Russia's best rocket "Soyuz". Explain this in today's episode of Alpha Tech with 5 features that Soyuz can't compare to SpaceX Dragon:
As the U.S. and Russia are facing off over the invasion of Ukraine, the two adversary nations are quietly cooperating on another life-or-death matter: making sure astronauts are not stranded in space.
On Dec. 15, International Space Station mission control halted a planned spacewalk aboard the orbiting laboratory because of a startling new problem. A Russian Soyuz space capsule docked to the facility was suddenly spewing gobs of fluid into space. The dramatic leak, which saw a 0.8 millimeter hole empty the capsule’s radiator of cooling fluid, has left NASA and Russia’s Roscosmos space agency with a new problem — how to safely transport two cosmonauts and one astronaut who had been scheduled to return home in the now-damaged capsule in March. The capsule also functioned as the station’s emergency escape pod for those three, leaving them stranded if a serious problem develops in the station’s living quarters. What SpaceX Dragon can do is SHOCKED Russia best rocket "Soyuz"
NASA Just Found an Object Eating Galaxies Right Now!
Galaxies, like stars, planets, black holes and all other phenomena in the cosmos, are in constant motion.
Credit:NASA, ESA, ESO, SpaceX, Wikipedia, Shutterstock, ...
5 UFO ENCOUNTERS THAT WILL BLOW YOUR MIND | The Proof Is Out There
Check out these baffling UFO sightings, in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.
Chapter 1 - Wildfire UFO over Los Angeles? - 00:00
Chapter 2 - Strange Aircraft Seen in Space - 04:19
Chapter 3 - Fast-moving Scout Seen on Drone - 08:33
Chapter 4 - Fiery Unidentified Object in the Sky - 13:03
Starship Loaded with Propellant in Pre-Launch Tests | SpaceX Boca Chica
Starship was partially loaded with propellant as SpaceX tests the full stack prior to the orbital test flight. Ship 25 was also rolled out to start its test campaign.
Lockdown methane INCREASE!! What's going on??
Methane is a greenhouse gas 84 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a 20 year period. Much of it comes from production and transport of fossil fuels, so you might think methane levels would have tumbled during the global COVID lockdowns of 2020. But in fact, they spiked worryingly upwards. So what's going on?
What Life Inside The SpaceX Starship Will Be Like!
When we look up into the night skies, all we see is absence and silence, but could our galaxy be a dark forest full of hidden predators waiting to consume us?
10-Million Megalithic Ruins Found In The Jungle?
In 1836, a Worker Followed an Old Drain and Found Secret Treasure at the End!
There are crimes that require meticulous planning, perfect timing, and exceptional intelligence. However, the unique incidents we're about to share with you don't fall into any of these categories. True to the motto "opportunity makes the thief", some valuables were almost ridiculously easy to steal. You want to know how a simple construction worker managed to calmly walk into the belly of a high-security bank? Or how to become a millionaire with stolen fast food? Then grab something to nibble on, sit back, and be sure to watch today's video to the end!
An image of a UAP, seen through night vision goggles, shown to US lawmakers
By Brandon Drenon
BBC News, Washington
A new de-classified US government report on UFO sightings by US troops has revealed hundreds of new cases.
The US National Intelligence office is now aware of 510 reported sightings, an increase over the 144 compiled in the spy agency's first 2021 assessment.
Nearly half of the new sightings were deemed "unremarkable" and attributed to human origins, according to the report.
However, more than 100 of the encounters remain unexplained.
The report says that encounters with UFOs - which the government calls Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) - continue "to occur in restricted or sensitive airspace, highlighting possible concerns for safety" and national security.
Of the 366 new reports, 26 were determined to be drones, 163 were balloons and six aerial objects were attributed to clutter.
The report was issued in part to help "destigmatise" experiences with UFOs and improve air safety.
And it says increased reports of encounters are indeed the result of "a concentrated effort to destigmatise the topic of UAP and instead recognise the potential risks that it poses as both a safety of flight hazard and potential adversarial activity", the report states.
It goes on to say that 171 sightings still remain "uncharacterised and unattributed" - meaning, not enough information was collected to effectively identify them.
"Some of these uncharacterised UAP appear to have demonstrated unusual flight characteristics or performance capabilities, and require further analysis," the report says.
None of the reports have been linked to any extra-terrestrial activity.
The reports are being examined by the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), an office in the Pentagon created last year to review UAP incidents.
The AARO will focus on receiving and analysing incidents with unidentified phenomena and work with intelligence agencies to further assess those incidents, according to the new declassified document.
Last month, the Pentagon's Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security told media: "We have not seen anything that would lead us to believe that any of the objects that we have seen are of alien origin."
"I have not seen anything in those holdings to date that would suggest that there has been an alien visitation, an alien crash, or anything like that," added Ronald Moultrie.
But the effort continues to identify whether the remaining UFOs have earthly origins.
"In the absence of being able to resolve what something is, we assume that it may be hostile," he said. "And so, we have to take that seriously."
The Andromeda galaxy, the nearest spiral galaxy to our Milky Way, isn’t noticeable in our night sky, unless you look for it. Under dark skies, however, you can see it without optical aid, but only as a barely visible fuzzy patch of light. But one day, far in the future, Andromeda will be bright in our sky, growing larger and larger … as it gets closer and closer to us. And even though the two galaxies are still 2.5 million light-years apart, the eventual merger of our two galaxies has, in fact, already begun.
The Andromeda galaxy is currently racing toward our Milky Way at a speed of about 70 miles (113 km) per second. With this in mind, our merger will occur five billion years from now. But, in August 2020, the peer-reviewed Astrophysical Journal published new research revealing that the collision between our galaxies is already underway.
The news about the Andromeda galaxy came from Project AMIGA, which uses the Hubble Space Telescope to look at the deep-space surroundings of the Andromeda galaxy. AMIGA stands for Absorption Map of Ionized Gas in Andromeda. NASA called it:
… the most comprehensive study of a halo surrounding a galaxy.
The Andromeda galaxy, our Milky Way and other galaxies all sit enshrouded in a large envelope – called a galactic halo – which consists of gas, dust and stray stars. The halos of galaxies are faint, so faint, in fact, that detecting them is not an easy feat. These astronomers measured the size of the halo of the Andromeda galaxy by looking at how much it absorbed light from background quasars. They were surprised to find that the Andromeda galaxy’s halo stretches much, much farther beyond its visible boundaries.
Indeed, it extends as far as half the distance to our Milky Way (1.3 million light-years) and even farther in other directions (up to 2 million light-years).
So, does this mean the halos of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies are touching?
It turns out that, from our vantage point inside the Milky Way, we cannot easily measure the characteristics of our galaxy’s halo. However, because the two galaxies are so similar in size and appearance, scientists assume that the halo of the Milky Way would also be similar.
In other words, it’s the faint halos of the galaxies that indeed appear to have started to touch one another. Thus, in a manner of speaking, the collision between our two galaxies has already started.
NASA released the images below in 2012. They are artist’s concepts of what someone on Earth might see as the Andromeda galaxy hurtles toward us.
The depictions below are based on painstaking Hubble Space Telescope measurements of the motion of the Andromeda galaxy, with computer modeling of the inevitable collision between the two galaxies. Also, a series of studies published in 2012 showed that – rather than glancing off each other, as merging galaxies sometimes do – our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy will in fact merge to form a single big elliptical, or football-shaped, galaxy.
Roeland van der Marel, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute, told Discover Magazine in February 2022:
Whether it’s fully a head-on collision or more of a glancing blow doesn’t really affect the end result.
And that is a new, giant elliptical galaxy.
The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, however, won’t be the only ones involved in this merger. As shown in the video below, the other large galaxy in our Local Group of galaxies, that is, M33, aka the Triangulum galaxy, will also play a role.
In the video below, you’ll recognize the Triangulum galaxy as the smaller object near the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies. Although the Triangulum galaxy likely won’t join the merger, it may, nevertheless, at some point strike our Milky Way while engaged in a great cosmic dance with the two larger galaxies.
Across the universe, galaxies are colliding with each other. Astronomers observe galactic collisions – or their aftermaths – with the aid of powerful telescopes. In some ways, when a galactic merger takes place, the two galaxies are like ghosts; they simply pass through each other. That’s because stars inside galaxies are separated by such great distances. Thus the stars themselves typically don’t collide when galaxies merge.
That said, the stars in both the Andromeda galaxy and our Milky Way will be affected by the merger. The Andromeda galaxy contains about a trillion stars. Meanwhile, the Milky Way has about 300 billion stars. Stars from both galaxies will be thrown into new orbits around the newly merged galactic center. For example, according to scientists involved in the 2012 studies:
It is likely the sun will be flung into a new region of our galaxy …
And yet, they said,
… our Earth and solar system are in no danger of being destroyed.
So, how about life on Earth? Will earthly life survive the merger? Well, the sun will eventually become a red giant in about 7.5 billion years, when it will increase in size and consume the Earth. But even before then, the luminosity, or intrinsic brightness, of the sun will increase. This will happen, ultimately, in a timeline of about four billion years.
As solar radiation reaching the Earth increases, Earth’s surface temperature will increase. We may undergo a runaway greenhouse effect, similar to that going on now on the planet next door, Venus. So there’s a good change that earthly life won’t be around when the merger concludes.
But by that time, maybe some earthly inhabitants will have become space-faring. Perhaps we’ll have left Earth, and even our solar system. We may still get the view of Andromeda crashing into the Milky Way, just from a slightly different perspective.
Read more:Hubble Shows Milky Way is Destined for Head-On Collision
Bottom line: The Milky Way and Andromeda merger has already begun. The two spiral galaxies will form one giant elliptical galaxy in 5 billion years.
Source: Project AMIGA: The Circumgalactic Medium of Andromeda*
Astronomers discover a floating water reservoir in space that is equivalent to 140 trillion times the amount of water in the world’s oceans.
Astronomers discover a floating water reservoir in space that is equivalent to 140 trillion times the amount of water in the world’s oceans.
A water reserve the size of 140 trillion oceans lurks in a distant supermassive black hole, the universe’s greatest deposit of water and 4,000 times the quantity contained in the Milky Way.
Two teams of astronomers discovered this amount of water 12 billion light-years away, where it appears as vapor spread across hundreds of light-years.
The reservoir was discovered in the gaseous area of a quasar, which is a dazzling compact region at the center of a galaxy fueled by a black hole. This discovery shows that water may have been throughout the universe from the beginning.
While specialists are not surprised, water has never been spotted this far out. The light from the quasar took 12 billion years to reach Earth (particularly, the APM 08279+5255 quasar in the constellation Lynx), meaning that this mass of water existed when the universe was only 1.6 billion years old.
The Z-Spec equipment at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii was utilized by one group, while the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps was employed by the other.
These sensors detect millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths, which allows them to detect trace gases (or large reserves of water vapor) in the early universe.
The discovery of numerous spectral fingerprints of water in the quasar gave researchers with the information they needed to establish the reservoir’s massive size.
When I look back now, I’m amazed to find that I’ve been involved in UFO research & investigation for over forty years. During that time I’ve been a member of six UFO groups, four of which were in the UK and two overseas. I’ve been asked many times which UFO case most impresses me: Is it the UFO crash at Roswell, or the incident at Rendlesham forest in 1980? My answer to this question, without a doubt, is one that I investigated with Mark Birdsall when we were both part of the Yorkshire UFO Society. I doubt if you have ever heard of the following case that we investigated, but I remember interviewing the witnesses like it was yesterday.
The incident took place in the summer of 1980 in the then mining town of Normanton in West Yorkshire. A lady by the name of Mrs. Westerman contacted me to discuss a UFO landing witnessed by her, her children, and some of her children’s friends. When we interviewed the group, they told us that it had been just after lunch and the children were playing a ball game outside in the street. They lived in an elevated terraced house in a cul-de-sac, at the bottom of which were some trees, a small stream, and a hill containing electricity pylons.
As the ball the children were playing with went up in the air, they suddenly saw an object descend at an angle, stop dead in the sky, and then fall to the ground on the hill at the bottom of the road. One of the children rushed into the house and told her mum (Mrs. Westerman) that an airplane had crashed in the field.
Stepping outside and looking across the field from her elevated front door, Mrs. Westerman could see the object—but it was no aeroplane. She described it as being shaped like a ‘Mexican hat’ that was a grey-silver colour. She gathered the children and together they trekked toward the hill where the object fell. The field was bordered by a fence and the object was still there on the ground, only now it was accompanied by three tall ‘men’ standing nearby. They were dressed in white boiler suits with ‘visors’ of some sort covering their faces. Two of the men had something in their hands and were waving it over the ground. Finally, the three men went to the rear of the object, which took off without making a sound, stopped dead in the clear blue-sky, and left from whence it had come.
‘The Normanton UFO Landing’ - image by Jason Gleaves
This event gave me a life-long interest in UFO landing cases and was partly responsible for my new book, ‘UFO LANDINGS UK,’ which features the story.
Down the years, I often wondered what those children made of the event now that they were grown up.
In 2019 I was interviewed for a podcast and discussed this case, but forgot to name the family involved. A couple of weeks later I was contacted by a lady who informed me that she had lived in Normanton before moving to New Zealand and wanted to know the family’s name. When I told her it was Westerman, she informed me that her best friend as a child had that very name and that she still lived in the town. This lady promised to contact her friend and get back to me. To my amazement her friend was indeed one of those children that I had interviewed all those years ago.
I’ll call this lady ‘Susan’ as I do not have permission to use her real name. This is what she told me:
“To be honest I only remember another girl who was there, Nicola, whom I see very rarely. Sadly, my mum passed away also 7 years ago. I only remember something which I thought at the time was an aircraft landing and when we ran over it was a circular craft, I remember seeing 3 what looked like tall men in silver who looked like they were looking for something on the ground, I vaguely remember some sort of metal detector in one of their hands. When we were seen approaching, they hurried back in the craft and sped off.”
Susan and I tried to arrange to meet up but the covid pandemic struck and we were never able to do so. Still, I am grateful that she came forward to share her memory of the event.
In July of 2022 I took part in a TV documentary commemorating the 75th anniversary of the UFO crash at Roswell. Not long after the documentary was broadcast, I had an email from a man called Shaun. Shaun went on to tell me that his partner Joanne was a witness to the UFO landing at Normanton. A quick internet search provided the couple information on the case with my name attached to it, so they located my email and got in touch.
Joanne now lives a long way from Normanton, but I spoke to her on the phone. She was Susan’s best friend and she recalled the incident vividly. Joanne told me that she witnessed the UFO landing and then joined Mrs. Westerman and the other five children along as they made their way towards the object. The UFO was indeed on the ground with three tall ‘men’ standing outside of it. They had an item in their hands, and looked as if they were searching for something. The UFO eventually took off after the ‘men’ approached it. It made no noise when it departed. Joanne was adamant that it was not a helicopter or anything like it.
Site of the Normanton UFO landing as it appears today.
One thing that intrigued me was when Joanne said that Mrs. Westerman was visited by two ‘scientists’ who talked to her about the event. When Mark and I interviewed Mrs. Westerman, it was a few years after the incident, and she made no mention of any scientists. Could eight-year-old Joanne have mistaken Mark Birdsall and I as the two mystery scientists? It seems a likely explanation, and it shows how the facts of a case can get distorted, in this instance quite by chance.
Joanne stated that there were six children there that day, including her and Susan, which means there are another four out there somewhere. I’d love to talk with them too. In the meantime, you can read my account of this case in my book, ‘UFO LANDINGS UK,’ and if I do hear from any of the other four children, I will of course update you.
Astronomers have performed an impressive suite of observations at multiple wavelengths of the same system, dubbed the HH 24 complex. This complex hosts stars in the process of being born and the impacts of their violent interactions with each other, including the ejection of one of their siblings.
All combined, the astronomers used six telescopes to make these observations, including the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Array, and the ALMA telescope. With the combined power of all their observing wavelengths, the astronomers could put together a comprehensive picture of the HH 24 complex.
The core of the HH 24 complex is a dense cloud of gas and dust that hosts at least seven known objects. These objects are small, hot, and dense but not yet have not yet reached the stage where they can fuse hydrogen in their cores and become true stars. However, one does seem to be right on the edge of that limit and will become a star essentially any day now.
This new system of seven stars is not stable, however. Because of their masses and orbits, they are bound to violently interact with each other. In fact, the astronomers have caught one such ejection in the act. The ejected object is an incredibly small protostar, almost small enough to count as a brown dwarf instead. It is currently moving away from the core of the protostellar system at about 25 km/s, which means it was orphaned about 5,800 years ago. In the next few thousand years it will likely be joined by at least some of its siblings.
Protostars of any kind are incredibly violent as they form. Material swirls down onto the protostars, building their mass, but as the protostars heat up they interact with those same surroundings. The movement of gas and dust can form incredibly strong electric and magnetic fields. Those fields then funnel some of the gas around the star to form jets. A similar process plays out around supermassive black holes, but at a much larger scale.
In the case of the HH 24 complex, the astronomers have observed five thin, narrow jets emanating from the central core. These jets are wrapped by magnetic field lines that give them their shape. All together the jets extend for at least five light years away from the core.
In the midst of all this violence there is also the hope for planets. The astronomers observed small protoplanetary discs around five stars, some of them with gaps in them, suggesting the presence of young forming planets. If those stars survive the violent interactions that they must face over the next few thousand years, those planets may stay bound to their parent stars.
Oude graftombe opgegraven in Egyptische stad Luxor: “Mogelijk van prinses of koningin die 3.500 jaar geleden leefde”
In de Zuid-Egyptische stad Luxor hebben archeologen een oude graftombe opgegraven. Eerste analyses zouden aantonen dat de tombe dateert uit de achttiende dynastie van het oude Egypte, een periode die liep van 1550 voor Christus tot 1292 voor Christus, 3.500 jaar geleden. “Die periode wordt beschouwd als de meest welvarende van het oude Egypte”, aldus Mostafa Waziri, secretaris-generaal van de Egyptische Hoge Raad voor Oudheden. Het graf zou mogelijk van een prinses of koningin kunnen zijn, klinkt het.
Waziri meldt dat een groep Egyptische en Britse archeologen de fascinerende ontdekking heeft gedaan. De koninklijke tombe werd opgegraven aan de westelijke oever van de Nijl in de stad Luxor, ongeveer 650 kilometer ten zuiden van de Egyptische hoofdstad Caïro.
De tombe is wel in slechte staat, klinkt het. Zo zijn verschillende constructies en inscripties vernietigd “als gevolg van overstromingen die in de oudheid plaatsvonden en de grafkamers vulden met zand en water”, zo werd de Egyptische archeoloog Mohsen Kamel in de verklaring geciteerd.
Egypte heeft de afgelopen maanden verschillende belangrijke ontdekkingen gedaan, vooral in de necropolis van Saqqara, ten zuiden van Caïro. Op die manier probeert het land zijn toeristische sector nieuw leven in te blazen. Zo werd het toerisme in Egypte, waar momenteel een economische crisis aan de gang is, zwaar getroffen door de coronapandemie.
De koninklijke tombe werd opgegraven aan de westelijke oever van de Nijl in de stad Luxor, ongeveer 650 kilometer ten zuiden van de hoofdstad Caïro.
Een afbeelding die op 14 januari 2023 door het Egyptische Ministerie van Oudheden is vrijgegeven, toont een beeld van archeologen die aan het werk zijn op de plaats van een nieuw ontdekte tombe in de zuidelijke provincie Luxor in Egypte.
(Foto door Egyptisch Ministerie van Oudheden / AFP)
Mars Rover's Dead // Green Comet Incoming // JWST’s First Exoplanet
Keep your eyes on the sky for a comet, another Mars rover has died, the leaky Soyuz is going to be replaced, JWST dominates the American Astronomical Society meeting, and is Starship just around the corner
James Webb Finds More Strange Galaxies and Other Unexplained Objects (Jan 2023 Update)
SpaceX Starship 120m rocket full Stacked Testing, 33 Engines Firing!
After rapidly stacking Ship 24 and Booster 7 earlier this week, SpaceX has begun testing a fully stacked Starship rocket for the first time in three months, ready for a full wet dress rehearsal and 33-engine static fire. Meanwhile, SpaceX is launching Falcon Heavy for the US Space Force’s Mission today. All this and more in today's episode of Alpha Tech:
Elon Musk’s SpaceX could start the countdown for its first orbital launch! On Jan 14, 2023, SpaceX conducted propellant load testing on Starship 24 and Super Heavy Booster 7 at the orbital launch mount.
Standing around 120 meters tall, Starship is unequivocally the largest and most voluminous rocket ever built. With its 33 Raptor V2 engines, the fully assembled Ship 24 and Booster 7 stack would have likely weighed around 4000-5000 tons. Starship has a peak thrust of 75.9 MN and can deliver more than 100 t to low Earth orbit, which would classify the rocket as a super heavy-lift launch vehicle.
For its recently fully-integrated test, though, SpaceX appears to have put Starship through a fairly limited cryogenic proof. The lack of frost on Ship 24 would make me hesitant to call it partial full-stack WDR. But def a partial Booster 7 WDR if using methane and oxygen, plus some limited and ambiguous Ship cryo loading. For Ship 24 and Booster 7’s combined debut, Super Heavy was filled maybe 10-20% and Starship around 25-50% of the way with either liquid nitrogen (LN2) or a combination of LN2 and liquid oxygen (LOx). It’s difficult to tell but it’s unlikely any methane (LCH4) fuel was involved.
Beyond the basic mechanical demonstration that Super Heavy Booster 7 is strong enough to support a partially loaded Starship, which probably wasn’t in doubt, it’s likely that the main purpose of this first full-stack cryoproof was to ensure that all the systems required to fuel Starship on top of Super Heavy were working as expected. That’s no small feat given that Starship is both the tallest rocket and largest upper stage ever assembled. To fully fuel a Starship for an orbital launch, around 1200 tons of propellant (or LN2 for a cryoproof) – equivalent to the weight of more than two entire Falcon 9 rockets – must be pumped around 85 meters up Starbase’s integration tower. SpaceX Starship 120m rocket full Stacked Testing, 33 Engines Firing!
What the First Man on the Moon Hid for All These Years
It's hard to find a person who has never seen one of the most famous photos in the world of the first man on the Moon. Neil Armstrong had been getting ready for his mission for over three years. To resist microgravity conditions, he had to learn how to walk sideways, by being strapped and suspended at an angle and trying to walk along walls. What other things did he have to learn? And did Neil Armstrong have any secrets?
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How do we determine the velocities of objects in distant space? Can we use a laser a space engine on a spaceship? Can we find stars with rings? Is it possible to see the same star at different stages of its life? All this and more in this week's Q&A.
When asked to name the top place in the world they would like to live, it is a safe bet that few people choose Siberia. That makes it difficult to accept the idea that it was the chosen home of early humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Why would they migrate from Africa and other warmer climates to the frigid air and frozen ground of Siberia? Well, the mystery just got a little deeper – researchers analyzing prehistoric DNA from North Asia were surprised to find out it was from a previously unknown group of hunter-gatherers that lived there 10,000 years ago or more. Another strange discovery – the group disappeared 7,500 years ago. And one more … the people may have not only migrated east from Europe but west from North America across the Bering land mass as well. Who were they? A new species? An amalgam of other species? Why would they leave North America to go to Siberia? Can they help solve the mysterious attraction of Siberia?
“The peopling history of North Asia remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of ancient genomes analyzed from this region. Here, we report genome-wide data of ten individuals dated to as early as 7,500 years before present from three regions in North Asia, namely Altai-Sayan, Russian Far East, and the Kamchatka Peninsula.”
In a study published in the journal Current Biology, study senior author Cosimo Posth, an assistant professor in archaeo- and paleogenetics at the University of Tübingen in Germany, explains the frustration archeologists have had in identifying what people lived in an area now known as North Asia, stretching from western to northeastern Siberia. In particular, the researchers were interested in an area known as the Altai, which was known to have been traversed by prehistoric people traveling between northern Siberia, Central Asia and East Asia for thousands of years. This area – in what is now the place where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan meet – became famous when fossils found in a cave were identified as Denisovans, another extinct human relative. The Denisovan fossils are merely a few teeth and bone fragments, but those plus eDNA helped identify their genome. Now, Posth was present with 10 prehistoric human genomes found in Altai dating back more than 7,500 years.
“(They were) "a mixture between two distinct groups that lived in Siberia during the last Ice Age."
According to the study, researchers have previously found multiple distinct human genetic lineages in this area dating back to the Upper Paleolithic or Old Stone Age which began 50,000 years ago. At a location in the Altai region known as the Afontova Gora site, they found remains dating back 17,000 years showing ancient North Eurasian ancestry, a common gene pool. After that, there is a 12,000 years gap where the genomic profile of the populations are unknown. Fortunately, the 10 prehistoric human genomes helped solve some of the mystery of their identity.
No, we're not there yet - stop asking.
Posth explains in Smithsonian Magazine that the ten individuals lived previously in three regions: Siberia’s Altai Mountains, the Kamchatka Peninsula and other parts of the Russian Far East. These regions had the kind of conditions that make one wonder why they moved there - cold climates at high latitudes – but Posth points out that this is the perfect climate for optimal preservation of ancient DNA. As he puts it: “You can actually generate a genome of the same quality as a modern genome. It’s amazing stuff.” How amazing? Posth and his team were able to identify an entirely new population of humans that lived in Siberia’s Altai Mountains during that ‘lost’ time period. That genome was then found in lineages in both Europe and the Americas – so these people eventually headed for warmer and lower altitude regions. The ancient DNA revealed a second group – members of Japan’s Jomon culture who originally came from Siberia and them migrated back west to Altai thousands of years later. Here’s the biggest shocker from the ancient DNA – it revealed that Native Americans migrated back over the Bering Land Bridge into Asia several times over a span of thousands of years.
“Our analysis reveals a previously undescribed Middle Holocene Siberian gene pool in Neolithic Altai-Sayan hunter-gatherers as a genetic mixture between paleo-Siberian and ancient North Eurasian (ANE) ancestries. This distinctive gene pool represents an optimal source for the inferred ANE-related population that contributed to Bronze Age groups from North and Inner Asia, such as Lake Baikal hunter-gatherers, Okunevo-associated pastoralists, and possibly Tarim Basin populations.”
In other words, the Altai region was a Siberian melting pot 12,000 years ago. And “melting” it was – research shows that the region was slowly warming. That could have been part of the attraction for some of these hunter-gatherers to migrate to a new area or return to the land of their ancestors. The Paleo-Siberians were part of the first wave of humans to migrate over the bridge to the Americas and their genome is in many Native Americans today. The reason for their re-migration back over the Bering bridge before it disappeared is still a mystery. Posth was surprised by the amount of migration across this area: “I expected movement maybe from one valley to another, but here we’re talking about large-scale movement and mobility among these groups across vast areas of North Asia.”
The final surprise was the discovery of one individual in Nizhnetytkesken Cave who was buried with stone points, ornaments and animal claws that indicated he was quite possibly a shaman. Dating back 6,500 years, he lived more recently than the other individuals and his genetic profile was closer to populations from the Russian Far East – a culturally distinct and geographically distant region more than 900 miles west.
Feels warmer today.
One more thing – the Altai mystery group of hunter-gatherers disappear from that region 7,500 years ago. Where did they go? The study suggests that the continued to migrate – they may be the source of the ancient North Eurasian genomes found in groups like the Tarim Basin mummies and the Bronze Age cultures of the Lake Baikal region of southern Russia.
“(These) geographically distant hunter-gatherer groups showed evidence of genetic connections to a much larger extent than previously expected. This suggests that human migrations and admixtures [interbreeding between groups] were not the exception but the norm also for ancient hunter-gatherer societies."
According to Posth, it appears these ancient humans – and perhaps we modern humans – are genetically predisposed to be wanderers and migrators. Could our modern preference to settle in one area for life – and for generations – be going against our nature and causing some of the problems we have? After all, the song was about a Happy wanderer, not a sad, depressed, sick and lonely one.
Astronomers use the World's Biggest Radio Telescope to map new Features of the Milky Way
Despite everything astronomers have learned about the nature and structure of galaxies, there are still mysteries about the Milky Way. The reason for this is simple: since we are embedded in the Milky Way’s disk, we have difficulty mapping it and observing it as a whole. It’s also very challenging to observe the center of the galaxy, what lies beyond it, and features in the disk itself because of all the gas and dust between stars- the Interstellar Medium (ISM). However, by observing the Milky Way in the non-visible spectrum (radio, x-ray, gamma-ray, etc.), astronomers can see more of what’s out there.
There’s also the spectral line that corresponds to the emission frequency (1420 MHz) of cold neutral hydrogen gas (HI), which makes up the majority of the ISM. Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) – the most powerful radio telescope in the world near Guizhou, China – a team of scientists located more than 500 new faint pulsars. During the survey, the team simultaneously recorded the spectral line data with high spectral and spatial resolution, making it an extremely valuable resource for studying the structure of the Milky Way Galaxy and the life cycle of its stars.
The Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) has just finished construction in the southwestern province of Guizhou. Credit: FAST
Observing neutral hydrogen in the ISM is vital to astronomers since it is from dense hydrogen clouds that new stars are born. When young and bright, these stars are detectable from how their radiation ionizes surrounding gas. In time, stars will undergo gravitational collapse and go supernova, shedding their outer layers and becoming white dwarf remnants (like a pulsar). The shock waves produced by these explosions compress interstellar gas and accelerate electrons (and nuclei) to close to the speed of light that interact with the interstellar magnetic field and radiate faint radio waves.
The study of the ionized gas in the interstellar medium is therefore fundamental to the study of the birth and death of stars. It is also the last major component of the Milky Way that hasn’t been explored in detail. The FAST array is especially suited for this purpose because it is the most sensitive single-dish radio telescope in the world and is equipped with a highly-sensitive L-band 19-beam cryogenic receiver. This corresponds to radio frequencies of 1 to 2 gigahertz (GHz) in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) domain, making it an excellent instrument for hunting pulsars and exploring the ISM.
In its first data release, FAST detected the distribution of neutral hydrogen (HI) gas across 88 square degrees of the night sky, between 33° and 55° Galactic longitude and ±2° Galactic latitude. Though the fine calibration is still in progress, the results of this survey are already the most sensitive to date, showing unprecedented detail about the distribution of HI gas in our galaxy. As emeritus professor John M. Dickey of the University of Tasmania in Australia and the University of Minnesota wrote of the GPPS HI survey:
“[T]he improvement in angular resolution and sensitivity over all previous surveys is impressive. FAST can go deeper and detect fainter emission over wider areas than other telescopes both because it has a larger collecting area (aperture diameter 300 m within the reflector diameter of 500 m), and because it uses a sensitive, 19-beam receiver with Tsys?22 K to collect the radiation… Meanwhile, [the] publication of this first paper on the GPPS HI survey is a landmark accomplishment, worthy of celebration and international attention.”
Logarithmic scale of the Solar System, Heliosphere, and Interstellar Medium (ISM).
Credit: NASA/Caltech-JPL
For the first study in the series, the CAS team processed the hydrogen radio recombination lines (RRL) in the spectral line data for the same sky area covered by the GPPS HI survey. This revealed luminous regions resulting from bright star ionization and patches of diffuse ionized gas (DIG) of unknown origin. The team also tested the FAST observations for radio continuum radiation within our galaxy in an area of 5°× 7° in the sky. The results confirmed the presence of two large faint radio-emissions structures (G203.1+6.6 and G206.7+5.9) that correspond to supernova remnants.
They further confirmed that one of these supernovae took place roughly 1,400 light-years from the Sun. This data is likely to have significant value for studies of the cycle of gas and star formation in the Milky Way. Dr. Dana S. Balser, a scientist at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), was quoted by China Daily Mail, saying:
“This GPPS RRL survey is the most sensitive survey to date and has sufficient angular resolution to separate DIG emission from HII regions… Large single-dish telescopes such as the FAST are the best to probe the DIG, the last major component of the Milky Way Galaxy to be well characterized.”
In addition, the team relied on FAST data to measure the polarization and Faraday rotation of 134 faint pulsars in the Galactic halo – the part of our galaxy that extends beyond the main visible component. This required that they measure the magnetic fields that permeate the ISM in this region of the galaxy, which is no easy feat. Nevertheless, using FAST’s extreme sensitivity, the team not only located these pulsars but obtained a magnetic field strength reading of about two microgauss in the Galactic halo. These new measurements provide evidence for magnetic field reversals in the spiral arms of the outer Milky Way.
The interstellar magnetic field in such a wide region was impossible before FAST became operational. Jing Yipeng, a CAS researcher from Jiao Tong University in Shanghai, looks forward to the research that the GPPS HI and future surveys using FAST will allow. “The sensitive FAST observations can reveal unprecedented details of the Milky Way,” he said. “The databases of neutral hydrogen and ionized hydrogen published by these papers are valuable resources for astronomers [all] over the world.”
Astronomers Used a Fast Radio Burst to Probe the Structure of the Milky Way
In the past decade and a half, hundreds ofFast Radio Bursts (FRBs) have been detected by astronomers. These transient energetic bursts occur suddenly, typically last for just a few milliseconds, and are rarely seen again (except in the rare case of repeating bursts). While astronomers are still not entirely sure what causes this phenomenon, FRBs have become a tool for astronomers hoping to map out the cosmos. Based on the way radio emissions are dispersed as they travel through space, astronomers can measure the structure and distribution of matter in and around galaxies.
Using the Deep Synoptic Array (DSA) at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO), a team of astronomers from Caltech and Cornell University used an intense FRB from a nearby galaxy to probe the halo of hot gas that surrounds the Milky Way. Their results show that our galaxy has significantly less visible (“baryonic” or “normal”) matter than previously expected. These findings support theories that matter is regularly ejected from our galaxy due to stellar winds, supernovae, and accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs).
One of the biggest challenges in studying FRBs has been identifying their place of origin, which is extremely difficult given how short-lived most are. Knowing where these mysterious bursts come from allows astronomers to monitor the source (in case they happen to repeat) and helps them to narrow down what could be triggering the intense flashes. In addition, identifying their locations is essential for using FRBs to study how much matter is distributed across the Universe. To date, astronomers have only been able to trace 21 events back to their galaxies.
The DSA-110 was purpose-built to detect and localize FRBs using 110 × 4.65-m dishes that continuously survey the sky at frequencies between 1280 – 1530 MHz. The array was commissioned in February 2022 and will spend the next three years tracing 300 FRBs to regions smaller than 3 arcseconds (<1/1000th of a degree) – it has discovered and pinpointed the locations of 30 new FRBs to date. Vikram Ravi, an assistant professor of astronomy at Caltech who leads the science team for DSA, presented the results at the 241st Meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) – which ran from January 8th to 12th in Seattle.
The early results (as reported in the paper) showed that our Milky Way has less matter than expected and raised new questions about what causes them. Previous studies, like the FRB detected in 2020 with the help of Caltech’s STARE2 project, supported the theory that FRBs are likely caused by stellar remnants with extreme magnetic fields (magnetars). However, the new DSA observations show that FRBs have diverse origins (including older galaxies within rich galaxy clusters). The results also suggest that if FRBs are emitted by magnetars, they are likely formed through multiple unknown pathways. As Ravi said in a Caltech press release:
“We were puzzled at first about why we were discovering so many FRBs. But it comes down to careful engineering of the antennas and receivers, and the software pipelines. We now rarely miss a thing. Magnetars like those in the Milky Way are formed during episodes of intense star formation. To find FRBs from galaxies that have mostly stopped forming stars was surprising. The DSA gathers and processes enormous amounts of data all the time. The data rate is equivalent to watching 28,000 Netflix movies at once.”
The DSA will become even more powerful in the future as all 110 dishes come online (only 63 are currently in operation). Caltech and its partners also plan to build an array of 2,000 radio dishes to create the DSA-2000, which will be the most powerful radio survey telescope ever built. The project would process data at a rate equivalent to roughly 20 percent of today’s global internet traffic (several dozen exabytes). It will also detect an estimated one billion new radio sources, including 40,000 new FRBs (100 times more than we’ve detected so far).
Caltech professor Gregg Hallinan, the director of the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, will be the principal investigator of DSA-2000. “The DSA-2000 will build upon progress with the DSA and revolutionize radio astronomy,” he said.
One Day There Could be a Pipeline of Oxygen Flowing From the Moon’s South Pole
The Artemis program intends to put humans on the Moon for the first time since NASA’s Apollo missions. But Artemis has a larger scope than just landing people there, setting up some science experiments, gathering Moon rocks, playing a little golf, then leaving. The intent is to establish a consistent presence.
That will require resources, and one of those critical resources is oxygen.
Dr. Peter A. Curreri has been a NASA scientist for decades and has been a strong proponent of human spaceflight. Since 2021, Curreri’s been the Chief Science Officer for Lunar Resources, Inc. Lunar Resources is proposing a novel concept for Artemis: an oxygen pipeline.
An ongoing human presence on Mars requires a few things to succeed, and the foundation of success is built on water and oxygen. The lunar south pole contains vast quantities of primordial water ice, frozen solid in the region’s craters where sunlight never reaches it. That ice can be melted and separated into hydrogen and oxygen.
Image showing the distribution of surface ice at the Moon’s south pole (left) and north pole (right), detected by NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument. Credits: NASA
Everyone involved in lunar science knows this, and the established idea is that the ice would be processed in situ, and oxygen would be put in cryogenic pressure vessels called dewars and transported to wherever it was needed. Since the equatorial regions have the most sunlight and the most solar energy, that’s likely where lunar bases will be established.
But instead of bottling oxygen and transporting it, which could get complicated, Lunar Resources has another idea. Construct an oxygen pipeline from the ice deposits at the south pole or from where oxygen is being extracted from the regolith to facilities elsewhere on the Moon. That idea has caught NASA’s attention, and the Lunar South Pole Oxygen Pipeline (LSPOP) is a Phase One project at NIAC, the NASA Innovative Advanced Concept program.
“We propose the Lunar South Pole Oxygen Pipeline (L-SPoP), a gaseous oxygen pipeline at the Moon’s South Pole,” Curreri writes in a press release explaining the idea. “A lunar pipeline has never been pursued and will revolutionize lunar surface operations for the Artemis program and reduce cost and risk!”
Oxygen is critical. We need it in human habitats, in vehicles, and in any life-support systems anywhere on the Moon. We also need it as an oxidant for rocket fuel. Ferrying large quantities of oxygen from the south pole to the equator could be cumbersome and would require dedicated vehicles, tanks, and facilities. A pipeline would eliminate vehicles and other resources, including human work hours, from the process.
The effort to understand, extract, and use lunar oxygen involves different missions and vehicles. This image is an artist's concept of the completed design of NASA's Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover, or VIPER. VIPER will get a close-up view of the location and concentration of ice and other resources at the Moon's South Pole, bringing us a significant step closer to NASA's ultimate goal of a long-term presence on the Moon – making it possible to eventually explore Mars and beyond.Credits: NASA/Daniel Rutter
“The process of moving this oxygen on rovers is more energy intensive than the extraction process and is thought to be the MOST expensive aspect in obtaining in-situ oxygen for use on the Mooconsidering the long distances a resource extraction area will be from a human habitat or liquefaction plant,” Curreri writes.
NASA has already invested significant funding in oxygen and water extraction. Some efforts show that we could get enough oxygen from the regolith. But water can only come from the ice at the poles, and it makes sense to get oxygen from there since some of the water will need to be split to get hydrogen anyway.
Pipelines on Earth are a problem. But not on the Moon. For a lunar oxygen pipeline, leaks don't matter. They don't pollute or cause any damage. The oxygen simply escapes. There's no shifting or changing surface to disrupt the pipeline. The only potential hazard is an impact.
Lunar Resources will explore different ideas for its lunar pipeline concept, but they're starting with a 5 km pipeline. “Our starting concept is for a 5 km pipeline to transport oxygen gas from an oxygen production source, for example, our molten regolith electrolysis (MRE) extraction site or any other source, to an oxygen storage/liquification plant near a lunar base,” Curreri explains.
LSPOP would be manufactured in segments on the Moon’s surface and then joined together in a five km length. The pipeline would likely be made of aluminum, which is plentiful on the Moon’s surface, especially at the south pole. “Other in-situ metals which will also be analyzed for consideration include iron and magnesium,” Curreri writes.
Finding and extracting oxygen from lunar ice will involve different missions as part of the effort. In this artist’s illustration, NASA’s Lunar Flashlight‘s lasers are scanning a shaded lunar crater for the presence of ice. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
The pipeline would be long-lived, repairable, and evolvable. It would also be cheaper than other methods, though lunar manufacturing would still need some support from Earth.
Lunar Resources says the pipeline could be constructed robotically from metals from the lunar regolith, though some minimal use of Earth materials would still be needed. It could also be repaired robotically. NASA projects that Artemis will need 10,000 kg of oxygen per year initially, and the LSPOP can reach deliver that with a flow rate of about 2kg/hour. It needs minimal power over its lifetime, would be very reliable, and its lifetime in the lunar environment would exceed 10 years.
The Lunar South Pole Oxygen Pipeline is a Phase One selection in the NIAC Program. That means NASA will fund a 9-month-long study for the concept. It provides an opportunity to explore the overall viability and advance the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the LSPOP. After Phase One ends, Lunar Resources can apply for Phase Two funding, which develops concepts for up to two years.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
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