How Mars Rock Samples Would Make Their Way to Earth

How on Earth will we get rock samples from Mars back to our planet? Find out how multiple spacecraft would work together to get the job done.  

New video released today shows how NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) are planning to bring the first samples of Mars material back to Earth for detailed study. The Mars Perseverance rover is the first leg of this international interplanetary relay team. Its job is to collect and cache samples on Mars. A Sample Return Lander would land near or in Jezero Crater, bringing a small rocket on which the samples collected by Perseverance would be loaded.

Two Ingenuity-like helicopters would provide a secondary capability to retrieve samples on the surface of Mars. Once the sample cache is launched off the Red Planet, another spacecraft would capture it in Mars orbit, and then bring it back to Earth safely and securely in the early to mid 2030s. These first collected and returned samples could answer a key question: did life ever exist on Mars? Only by bringing the samples back can we truly answer the question by using the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art labs, at a time when future generations can study them using techniques yet to be invented.

Courtesy of NASA Mars and NASA Science

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Sample Return: Partners Map

Who’s at work on the quest to return Mars samples to Earth? Explore this interactive map to see which institutions around the world are teaming up for this enormous challenge.

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11-04-2023 om 23:30 geschreven door peter  

Belgium’s Flying Triangle Wave

Posted by: Antonio Huneeus

THIRTY THREE years ago, thousands of Belgian citizens reported mysterious platforms flying silently over rooftops. The Royal Belgian Air Force got involved and cooperated fully with civilian investigators. To this day, however, the origins of these craft remain unknown.

It’s hard to convey the excitement caused by the Belgian UFO wave if you were not following UFO news back in 1989 and the early 1990s. There was no shortage of UFO reports back then, and interest in the phenomenon was at a high. The sightings and photos from Gulf Breeze, Florida, dominated the American scene, wild UFO reports and stories coming out of the old Soviet Union received huge international media attention, and the Mexican video wave took off in 1991. Yet the Belgian wave seemed to top all of these stories for awhile. The reports out of this small country, headquarters of both the European Commission and NATO, received unprecedented coverage, making even the front page of the Wall Street Journal on October 10, 1990, with a story entitled, “Belgium Scientists Seriously Pursue A Triangular UFO.”

The classic triangular-shaped UFO described by hundreds of eyewitnesses during the Belgium wave: sketch by witness used to create reconstruction of the object seen at the top of story.

Credit: SOBEPS

There were many reasons for the interest generated by the Belgian wave. One was the quality of the reports themselves, the bulk of which were registered in the French-speaking region of Wallonia. There were no landings or humanoid sightings but lots of detailed multiple-witness sightings of flying platforms moving slowly and silently above rooftops. Shapes varied, but the predominant form was triangular or delta-shaped crafts. Some of the descriptions were so precise that traditional explanations of misidentified natural phenomena or conventional aircraft were ruled out. Instead, stealth fighters and other U.S. secret military aircraft became the favorite explanations suggested by skeptics, but these were quickly ruled out by the Royal Belgian Air Force (RBAF). Another reason for the wave’s importance was that it was carefully investigated and documented by a local UFO organization called SOBEPS (Belgian society for the study of space phenomena).

SOBEPS was formed in 1971 by Lucien Clerebaut, Michel Bougard, and others, and built a small but highly dedicated cadre of field investigators. By the end of the wave in 1993, SOBEPS had collected over two thousand eyewitness reports comprising twenty thousand pages, four hundred hours of audio tapes, and six hundred full inquiries. Five hundred and forty cases remained unexplained. SOBEPS also had the assistance of top-notch scientists, including Léon Brenig, a nonlinear dynamics theorist at the Free University in Brussels, and Professor Auguste Meessen, a physicist from Catholic University at Louvain. Regarding his work with SOBEPS, Dr. Brenig has said, “here is an opportunity where we can apply the scientific method.” Brenig himself became a witness of the so-called Belgian triangle while driving in the Ardennes on March 18, 1990. The whole dossier was eventually published by SOPEPS in two massive volumes, five hundred pages each, entitled Vague d’OVNI sur la Belgique (UFO Wave ver Belgium), published in 1991 and 1994 respectively. Due to financial difficulties, SOBEPS dissolved on December 31, 2007, but some of its members formed a new, smaller organization called COBEPS (Belgian committee for the study of space phenomena) to preserve the archives and work done for thirty-six years.

The two volumes published by SOBEPS entitled, “UFO Wavever  OBelgium.”

Credit: SOBEPS

A final and key element in the credibility of the Belgian UFO wave was the participation and validation by the RBAF, which showed an unusual degree of openness. As the Belgian wave gained steam, the Belgian Ministry of Defence was deluged with queries from the public and the media. The task fell upon the chief of operations of the air force, Col. Wilfried De Brouwer, who was later promoted to major general and deputy chief of the RBAF. Now retired from the service, Gen. De Brouwer has continued to speak about the wave. He was one of the many international officials who spoke at the famous event at the National Press Club (NPC) in Washington, DC, in November 2007, organized by filmmaker James Fox and journalist Leslie Kean. “The Belgian UFO wave was exceptional and the air force could not identify the nature, origin and intentions of the reported phenomena,” said De Brouwer at the NPC. He also gave a detailed presentation on the wave at the MUFON International UFO Symposium in San Jose, California, in July 2008, and was one of five generals to write an essay in Leslie Kean’s new book, UFOs: Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go On the Record.

Although the RBAF scrambled jets on three occasions during the wave, Gen. De Brouwer has explained on various occasions that they didn’t have the manpower or resources to mount a full-fledged investigation of their own, so instead they took the unusual route of cooperating fully with SOBEPS. The radar data was turned to Prof. Meessen for analysis, and Gen. De Brouwer agreed to write the postface for SOBEPS’s first volume when he was still in the service. “I must acknowledge that I somewhat hesitated when SOBEPS asked me to contribute my share to this book,” he wrote. “Indeed, I am not a UFO specialist and, moreover, it is quite delicate for somebody who occupies an official function to put on paper his personal ideas on such a disputed issue. However, I estimate that I would not have been honest towards the SOBEPS if I had refused. The air force always played a fair game on this subject and I regard this postface as a complementary element to the exceptional file written by the people of SOBEPS.”

THE EUPEN INCIDENT

Although some sightings were reported in October 1989, the first important incident of the Belgian wave took place a month later on November 29 around the small town of Eupen, which is in a region of Belgium near the German border. This initial case put the so-called “Belgian triangle” on the map and led to the start of the RBAF’s involvement. There were both daytime and nighttime sightings, although the latter were lengthier and more detailed. Gen. De Brouwer explained in his essay for Leslie Kean’s book, “a total of seventy reported sightings made on November 29 were fully investigated and none of these sightings could be explained by conventional technology. The team of investigators and I estimate that approximately fifteen hundred people must have seen the phenomenon at more than seventy different locations from different angles during this afternoon and evening.” There were a total of thirteen gendarmes (policemen) who saw the UFO from eight different locations around Eupen. Prof. Meessen summarized the case in SOBEPS’s book:

On November 29, 1989, a large craft with triangular shape flew over the town of Eupen. The gendarmes von Montigny and Nicol found it near the road linking Aix-la-Chapelle and Eupen. It was stationary in the air, above a field which it illuminated with three powerful beams. The beams emanated from large circular surfaces near the triangle’s corners. In the center of the dark and flat understructure there was some kind of “red gyrating beacon.” The object did not make any noise. When it began to move, the gendarmes headed towards a small road in the area over which they expected the object to fly. Instead, it made a half-turn and continued slowly in the direction of Eupen, following the road at low altitude. It was seen by different witnesses as it flew above houses and near City Hall.

In his 2008 MUFON lecture, Gen. De Brouwer provided additional details on this sighting: “The UAP [Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon] emitted repeatedly and simultaneously two red light beams with a red light ball at the spearhead of the beam. Subsequently, the red balls returned to the craft.” There was also apparently a second triangular craft, which made “a forward tilting maneuver, exposing the upper side of the fuselage,” continued De Brouwer. “They [gendarmes] saw a dome with rectangular windows, lighted up at the inside. It then disappeared to the North.” Two more gendarmes saw one of the craft from a monastery nearby; “one is currently the head of the police in that area, he was scared like hell,” added De Brouwer.

Statistical chart of Belgian sightings between October 1989 and September 1990, showing peaks in the November-December period and a second one in April.

Credit: SOBEPS

The Eupen incident was followed by many other UFO sightings, including several reported on December 11, 1989. One of the witnesses that evening was a personal acquaintance of Gen. De Brouwer, Col. André Amond, a civil engineer in the Belgian Army. Col. Armond worked next door to Gen. De Brouwer and wrote a detailed report for the Ministry of Defence. Col. Armond was driving with his wife around 6:45 p.m., when they noticed a strange object with flashing red lights. They stopped the car and got out to see it better. “Suddenly, they saw a giant spotlight, about twice the size of the full moon, which approached them to an estimated distance of 100 meters,” wrote De Brouwer, adding that “the colonel’s wife was frightened and asked to leave.” In his report to the Ministry, Armond “ascertained that this craft was not a hologram, helicopter, military aircraft, balloon, motorized Ultra Light, or any other known aerial vehicle.”

Various shapes were reported throughout the wave, including round, rectangular, and cigar-shaped, but the majority were triangular objects. Gen. De Brouwer notes that the differences may also be due to the eyewitnesses’ viewing angles. Researcher Marc Valckenaers listed some of the characteristics of the UFOs in SOBEPS’s second volume about the wave, including: irregular displacement (zig-zag, instantaneous change of trajectory, etc.), displacement following the contours of the terrain; varying speeds of displacement (including very slow motion), stationary flight (hovering), overflight of urban and industrial centers, and sound effects (faint humming to total silence).

Reconstruction of the incredible rectangular flying platform seen by two factory workers on April 22, 1990, described as “an aircraft carrier turned upside down.”

Credit: SOBEPS

One of the strangest reports came from two factory workers from the town of Basècles, southwest of Brussels, who saw a huge trapezoid flying platform (330 x 200 feet) just before midnight on April 22, 1990. The object moved slowly and silently, covering the entire factory courtyard. In the SOBEPS report, the factory workers described the UFO as “an aircraft carrier turned upside down.” Despite the science-fiction quality of this sighting, an almost identical report was filed nearly a year later, on March 15, 1991, by an electronic engineer in Auderghem, near Brussels, who woke up in the middle of the night when he “heard a barely audible, high-frequency whistling tone. He looked out the window and saw a large rectangular craft at very low altitude with irregular structures on the bottom,” wrote Gen. De Brouwer.

One characteristic of the Belgian wave was how close the objects were flying above the rooftops, as shown with this flying rectangular platform.

Credit: SOBEPS

Another view of the rectangular flying platform above the rooftop and sketch showing where the witness saw it.

Credit: SOBEPS

THE F-16 SCRAMBLE EPISODE

If the Eupen multiple-witness sightings of November 1989 triggered the Belgian wave, the jet fighter scramble incident during the night of March 30, 1990 marked the peak of public interest and global media coverage. The Belgian Air Force had scrambled jets on two prior occasions without positive results. The December 5, 1989 scramble was unsuccessful; when the jet reached the sky, the UFO was gone. Additionally, the December 16, 1989 case turned out to be a false alarm; the authorities quickly determined that it was a laser projection reflected by a cloud layer. Following these two fiascos, the RBAF implemented a new policy that jets would be scrambled only when a sighting was detected on radar and was visually confirmed on the ground by the police.

The SOBEPS team visiting the Royal Belgian Air Force radar facility at Glons: in the center group, left, the Society’s chairman Lucien Clerebaut and right, physicist Prof. Auguste Meessen, next to military officer.

Credit: SOBEPS

As put in a preliminary report prepared by Major P. Lambrechts of the RBAF, entitled “Report Concerning the Observation of UFOs During the Night of March 30 to 31, 1990,” the incident began at 10:50 p.m. on March 30 when the gendarmerie telephoned the radar “master controller at Glons” to report “three unusual lights forming an equilateral triangle.” More gendarmes confirmed the lights. When the NATO facility at Semmerzake detected an unknown target at 11:49 p.m., a decision to scramble two F-16 fighters was made. The jets took off at 12:05 a.m. from Beauvechain, the nearest air base, and flew for just over an hour. According to Major Lambrechts’s report:

The aircraft had brief radar contacts on several occasions, [but the pilots]…at no time established visual contact with the UFOs…each time the pilots were able to secure a lock on one of the targets for a few seconds, there resulted a drastic change in the behavior of the detected targets…[During the first lock-on at 12:13 a.m.] their speed changed in a minimum of time from 150 to 970 knots [170 to 1,100 mph] and from 9,000 to 5,000 feet, returning then to 11,000 feet in order to change again to close to ground level.

When Col. De Brouwer showed the computerized radar images of the UFO tracked by the F-16 onboard radar system in a heavily attended press conference at the Ministry of Defence on July 11, 1990, the international media went into a frenzy. Transcripts of the radio communications between ace fighter pilots, Capt. Yves Meelbergs, Lt. Rudy Verrijt, and the Glons Control Reporting Center near Liege, were also released and provide some dramatic moments. The transcripts paint a picture of the jets chasing ghost radar echoes that appear and disappear and then reappear again, but at no time are the pilots able to establish visual contact with the supposed objects. Belgium’s Electronic War Center (EWC) eventually undertook a detailed technical analysis of the F-16 computerized radar tapes, completed by Col. Salmon and physicist M. Gilmard in 1992, and later reviewed by Prof. Meessen.

An F-16 jet fighter of the Royal Belgian Air Force like the ones scrambled on the night of March 30-31, 1990.

Credit: Bernard Thouanel

Although some aspects of this case still remain unexplained, Meessen and SOBEPS accepted the Gilmard-Salmon hypothesis that most of the radar contacts were really echoes caused by a rare meteorological phenomenon. This became evident in four lock-ons, explained Meessen, “where the object descended to the ground with calculations showing negative altitude…. It was evidently impossible that an object could penetrate the ground, but it was possible that the ground could act as a mirror.” Meessen explained how the high velocities measured by the Doppler radar of the F-16 fighters might result from interference effects. He pointed out, however, that there was another radar trace for which there is no explanation to date. As for the visual sightings of this event by the gendarmes and others, Meessen suggested that they could possibly have been caused by stars seen under conditions of “exceptional atmospheric refraction.”

One frame from the F-16 onboard radar system showing the UFO lock-on during the March 1990 scramble episode, shown by the RBAF at a famous press conference in July 1990.

Credit: RBAF/ Bernard Thouanel

In a 1995 telephone interview, Gen. De Brouwer summarized his reflections on this complex case: “We always look for possibilities which can cause errors in the radar systems. We can not exclude that there was electromagnetic interference, but of course we can not exclude the possibility that there were objects in the air. On at least one occasion there was a correlation between the radar contacts of one ground radar and one F-16 fighter. This weakens the theory that all radar contacts were caused by electromagnetic interference. If we add all the possibilities, the question is still open, so there is no final answer.” De Brouwer took a more detached view of the F-16 scramble episode, however, in his 2008 MUFON lecture and his 2010 essay included in Kean’s book: “The conclusion of the Air Force, therefore, was that the evidence was insufficient to prove that there were real crafts in the air on that occasion.”

THE PETIT-RECHAIN PHOTO

The famous color slide of the Belgian triangle photographed in Petit-Rechain in early April 1990.

Credit: © Guy Mossay/SOFAM

Seldom has the old saying that a picture is worth a thousand words become more true than in the case of the extraordinary photograph of a flying triangle taken in the small town of Petit-Rechain in April 1990. This color slide became the emblematic symbol of the Belgian UFO wave. It has been published and broadcast in television programs all over the world, and it appears on the cover of the two SOBEPS volumes on the Belgian wave. It’s also one of the most analyzed UFO photos in the history of ufology. During my trip to Brussels in 1995, I had the opportunity to talk at length with Patrick Ferryn, the investigator who researched the case initially and wrote the chapter about it in the SOBEPS book. Ferryn gave me copies of the photo and samples of computer enhancements made by Marc Acheroy, professor of electricity at the Royal Military School, where the image was analyzed by the Signal Treatment Center. The details of how the photo was taken are fairly simple and straightforward.

The photographer, P.M. (who wants privacy, but has fully cooperated with SOBEPS), was a twenty-year-old factory worker, who lived in the small community of Petit-Rechain, near Verviers. He was at home with his girlfriend on the night of either April 4 or 7, 1990 (he can’t pin down the exact date), when his girlfriend first noticed the object between 11:00 and 11:30 p.m. as she took the dog to the courtyard. According to P.M.’s statement to Ferryn, he was alerted by his girlfriend, went outside, and “saw the object practically stationary towards the southwest, at about a forty-five-degree elevation. It consisted of three white round lights on a barely perceptible triangular surface. In the center there was a blinking spot of the same color, or maybe a bit more reddish than the other lights.” P.M. grabbed his camera, a Praktica model BX20 with a 55-200 mm zoom and a “Cokin” 1A 52 mm skylight filter. He shot the last two frames of a roll of 36-200 ASA Kodak color slide film. The UFO then moved slowly towards Petit-Rechain, until it was hidden by the roofs in the village. The entire episode took about five minutes.

The roll of film was sent by mail to a development house offering a special discount, and when P.M. received the slides, he noticed only frame #35 had captured the UFO; frame #36 was entirely black. Ferryn estimated that “the photo was probably taken with a focal distance between 55 and 200 mm, and with exposition time ranging from 1 to 2 seconds.” P.M. showed the photo to his factory coworkers (all of whom were later interviewed by Ferryn), but otherwise didn’t do anything to analyze or commercialize the picture. One of his coworkers knew a local photo-journalist from Verviers, Guy Mossay, who immediately saw the image’s potential value. P.M. sold the photo rights to Mossay for a small fee. Mossay then proceeded to copyright it with SOFAM (Belgium’s multimedia society for visual arts authors).

Skeptics have naturally pointed to the possibility of a hoax with profit motive. However, if that is the case, why did P.M. sell the rights to Mossay for a minor fee? Moreover, hoaxers never supply original slides or negatives for scientific analysis, as was done by P.M. Having checked his background, interviewed acquaintances, and so on, Ferryn noted that “the account of the main witnesses was coherent.” Gen. De Brouwer spent quite a bit of time explaining the details of this case during his MUFON lecture, saying of the witness that, “this guy is genuine, he is a guy who would not fake at all, I can assure you of that.” More importantly, the Petit-Rechain photo has been subjected to more scientific analysis than practically any other UFO photo in history.

When the Petit-Rechain photo is overexposed, the triangular outline of the object appears clearly.

Credit: © Guy Mossay/SOFAM

The list of experts and institutions that have analyzed this photo include Prof. Acheroy of Belgium’s Royal Military Academy; Prof. François Louange, an expert in photo interpretation of satellite images for the French space agency, CNES; Dr. Richard Haines, a retired senior NASA scientist and respected UFO researcher; Belgium’s Royal Institute of Artistic Patrimony; and André Marion, a nuclear physicist with France’s National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), who conducted an analysis in 2002 with improved technology. The technical details of these analyses are too numerous for this article, but suffice it to say that evidence of photographic trickery has never been found. Furthermore, of several efforts to duplicate the photo using a dark cardboard triangular model with holes and light bulbs, only one made by members of the Astrophysics Institute at Liege University somewhat resembled the Petit-Rechain photo. But the luminosity of the spots in the replica was uniform, while those in the original exhibited different shapes and spectral effects. The most recent CNRS study by Dr. Marion confirmed the previous analysis and found, as put by Gen. De Brouwer, a “halo around the craft with patterned structure,” which could have been caused by the object’s “propulsion system” of “magnetoplasma dynamic.” Marion also stated that “it would be extremely difficult to fake such a photograph.”

In the end, it’s almost impossible to guarantee the authenticity of a UFO image. There will always be a difference of opinions, but the verdict in the Petit-Rechain case appears highly favorable. Triangular UFOs were seen throughout Belgium during the early 1990s. Dozens of fuzzy videos and grainy photos were taken, but they were generally not impressive. Petit-Rechain was the great exception.

• Note: Since the writing of this article, the photo turned out to be an admitted hoax.

NO EVIDENCE OF SECRET AIRCRAFT

Due to the high credibility of most witnesses in the Belgian wave and their descriptions of a silent, triangular craft being so precise, trying to explain the wave in terms of hoaxes, misidentified natural phenomena, or conventional aircraft seemed fruitless. Therefore, a number of skeptics and aviation journalists focused on trying to prove the hypothesis of secret U.S. aircraft flying over Belgium. A series of candidates were proposed, from the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) to secret airships, from the F-117A stealth fighter to some other revolutionary U.S. secret military aircraft such as the alleged TR-3A Black Manta. First, you have to ponder why the U.S. would conduct tests of their most-secret aircraft in such a highly populated area like Wallonia, which is not only a U.S. ally, but also headquarters of the NATO alliance. Gen. De Brouwer put it bluntly in a 1991 interview with the French magazine, OVNI Présence: “Why would the Americans conduct tests here in Europe, without permission and with the risk of having an accident that could create a diplomatic incident on a global scale? This doesn’t involve only Belgium, but NATO, where its concept itself could be put in question. I don’t believe that the Americans could take such a risk, it’s evident.”

Major General (Ret.) Wilfried De Brouwer, who was the Royal Belgian Air Force point man for the UFO wave, during his trip to Washington, DC to participate at the National Press Club event in 2007.

Credit: Bernard Thouanel

Guy Coeme and Leo Delcroix, the two Belgian Ministers of Defence during the wave, denied emphatically the theory that the UFOs were actually U.S. aircraft and based their denial on official inquiries with the U.S. Embassy in Brussels. In a 1993 letter to French researcher Renaud Marhic, Minister Delcroix wrote: “Unfortunately, no explanation has been found to date. The nature and origin of the phenomenon remain unknown. One theory can, however, be definitely dismissed since the Belgian Armed Forces have been positively assured by American authorities that there has never been any sort of American aerial test flight.” A declassified 1990 document from the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) entitled, “Belgium and the UFO Issue,” supports Delcroix’s position. After describing the basic events of the wave that had transpired up to that point, the unnamed U.S. official wrote at the very end of this memo: “The [U.S. Air Force (USAF)] did confirm to the [Belgian Air Force] and Belgian [Ministry of Defence] that no USAF stealth aircraft were operating in the Ardennes area during the periods in question. This was released to the Belgian press and received wide dissemination.”

Thirty years have now passed since the Belgian UFO wave, and no new significant evidence has been produced to prove that the sightings were caused by secret military aircraft. The reported cases remain unexplained. It seems certain that something massive and technologically advanced flew over Belgian territory during the 1989-93 period. Why and who was behind it are questions that remain to be answered. A suitable conclusion, for now, is to repeat what Gen. De Brouwer wrote at the end of his famous postface to the SOBEPS’s first volume: “The day will come undoubtedly when the phenomenon will be observed with technological means of detection and collection that won’t leave a single doubt about its origin. This should lift a part of the veil that has covered the mystery for a long time. A mystery that continues thus present. But it exists, it is real, and that in itself is an important conclusion.”

The author (left) with SOBEPS’ chairman Lucien Clerebaut at the Society’s headquarters in Brussels in 1995. The map in the background shows the locations of sightings in Belgium.

Credit: Antonio Huneeus

• A version of this article originally appeared in Issue #5 (December/January 2011) of Open Minds UFO Magazine. Back issues can be found here.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.openminds.tv/ }

11-04-2023 om 22:31 geschreven door peter  

11-04-2023 om 21:53 geschreven door peter  

Mission to Find Alien Life on Jupiter’s Icy Moons Ready to Launch

On April 13, 2023, scientists will launch a spacecraft called Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (Juice) into space.

The mission of this spacecraft is to explore distant Jupiter and its icy moons in the hopes of finding signs of life beyond our planet. The cost of this mission is approximately $1.73 billion, and it will last for eight years.

Juice is unique because it will not explore planets close to Earth, like Mars. Instead, it will fly deep into space to search for water on distant worlds orbiting Jupiter and Saturn. Scientists believe that these worlds have the greatest reserves of water in our solar system, making them promising candidates for finding alien life.

Olivier Witasse, the project scientist for this mission, explained that they hope to find a place with internal energy and liquid water around Jupiter. They believe that the icy moons of Jupiter have more water than Earth, which is why they are a prime target for this mission.

Jupiter’s moons covered in ice

Probes showed that Jupiter’s moons Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa, are covered in ice, hiding vast oceans of water. And in 2005, researchers discovered that Saturn’s moon Enceladus is spewing water and organic material from an underground ocean.

US astronomer Neil deGrasse Tyson says, “If ever there was a next-best place to look for life, it’s here,” referring to these icy moons. But getting there is tough. It takes eight months to get to Mars, while the Juice mission, launching from French Guiana, will take eight years to reach Jupiter, with flybys of Earth and Venus to keep it moving.

Juice to orbit Jupiter by 2031

In July of 2031, Juice will go into orbit around Jupiter. However, before that happens, another probe, Nasa’s Europa Clipper, will surpass Juice. Europa Clipper will take a shorter route, flying by Earth and Mars to reach Jupiter’s moon, Europa, by April of 2030.

As its name implies, Europa Clipper will concentrate on studying Europa. It is planned to make close approaches to the moon on 50 occasions, flying only a few hundred miles above its surface. This will allow scientists to search for areas that could potentially support life.

One of the reasons Europa Clipper is so intriguing is because of the likelihood of an ocean beneath the moon’s surface. This ocean is thought to be in contact with a rocky seafloor. If this is true, then scientists expect to find hydrothermal vents similar to those found in Earth’s oceans.

These vents are known to support a variety of thriving ecosystems, so it’s possible that Europa could host similar life forms. “Hydrothermal vents support thriving ecosystems on Earth, so they might be doing the same on Europa,” said Marshall Styczinski, a Europa Clipper scientist.

{ https://greekreporter.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 21:22 geschreven door peter  

11-04-2023 om 21:05 geschreven door peter  

UFO split into two, seeding Portland, Oregon with ET drones, Dec 6, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: Dec 6, 2022

Location of sighting: Portland, Oregon, USA

Source: MUFON recieved April 11, 2023

 

Here is a cool report with a video, although it happened about four months ago, it just came in today. A glowing object with an aura around it was seen dropping out another more powerful glowing object. I have seen cloud orbs do this in the day, with a mother orb (alien drone basketball size) dropping out other orbs as if seeding an area to expand the area it studies and records. These worker orbs will all unite one day in the future at the same location and be taken back into the mother orb which returns to its home world. 

 

Why would aliens use drones? Because not all aliens would survive on our surface, breathing our air. The first time you catch a virus is always the worst effects it has on you. But if you survive, then afterwards it effects are weaker, but aliens don't want to risk their life just to study our world. Smart move on their part. Many alien species breath different gases other than oxygen due to their home planet have different atmospheric gases than our own. So cloud orbs are used for alien research. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states: 

{https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 18:37 geschreven door peter  

This footage comes with no audio and was captured from the cockpit of a private jet whole flying over the Antioquia region of Colombia last month (March 2023). 

Passenger model Valentina Rueda posted a video on her Instagram, which shows an unusual phenomenon. Flying at an altitude of 6 km., she noticed a strange object, which prompted them to maneuver and record the object. 

The video shows an object in the shape of a stealth-shaped UFO approaching and then passing the plane. 

I think we can rule out that it may have been an alien UFO. Most likely it was a known man-made stealth plane or a craft belonging to a secret project.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 18:31 geschreven door peter  

This is said to be a rare footage from an unknown private film collection archive, that supposedly shows objects and ancient devices that were discovered and then taken away during the Nazi expeditions in Egypt and Antarctica, which are still secret! 

I do know for a fact that many artifacts have been looted in previous wars but I have never seen anything like this before.

It would be great if it could be proven that the ancient artifacts shown in the short film were made by ancient civilizations with advanced technology, extraterrestrial intervention, or other supernatural explanations, but... as long as they keep it a secret and withhold the truth about our history, the origin of these objects will remain a mystery. 

It will be interesting to learn how they will explain the discovery of these objects.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 18:25 geschreven door peter  

UFO Sightings: Stunning Footage Shows Mysterious Craft Soaring Past Model’s Plane at 20,000 Feet

UFO sightings have once again captured the public’s attention, as recent crystal-clear footage shows a bizarre object flying past a Colombian model’s airplane at 20,000 feet. Valentina Rueda Velez (Instagram link) captured the stunning footage during a flight, which has since ignited a frenzy among UFO enthusiasts and sparked a new investigation.

Valentina, who boasts over 110,000 followers on Instagram, shared the video in her Instagram story, quickly catching the attention of UFO fans worldwide. The footage shows her aircraft cruising through clear blue skies and sunshine before an unusual object appears on the right side of the screen. The object rapidly grows in size as it zooms past the cockpit window.

Many viewers have commented on the object’s striking “disc-shaped saucer” appearance. The clip was soon picked up by the extra-terrestrial aficionado The Hidden Underbelly, who analyzed the footage on his social media. He concluded, “In this footage, we get a clear view of this object, and this looks damn good. It seems to be a saucer-shaped craft.”

• UFO Sighting: Mysterious Blue Ring-Shaped Object Filmedin Tamaulipas, Mexico on February 28th, 2022…

Enthusiasts were quick to suggest that the extraordinary clip could be evidence of aliens making a rare visit to Earth. One YouTube user praised the footage, saying, “That looks so real, great catch whoever took this video.” Another added, “Definitely looks real to me – it’s always difficult to judge the size, possibly the size of a small car.”

Some skeptics, however, dismissed the possibility of aliens flying through the airspace. A few speculated that the object was a drone or merely flying debris. Despite the differing opinions, the video has amassed more than 6,000 views and remains a hot topic in the UFO community.

This sighting comes on the heels of another UFO video under investigation by the Pentagon, which appeared to “defy physics” according to a new study. In Japan, a strange metal ball washed up on a beach, leaving officials puzzled.

As UFO sightings continue to fascinate the public, the debate about the existence of extra-terrestrial life remains ongoing. With the emergence of this new, high-quality footage, the truth may be closer than ever before.

RELATED

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

11-04-2023 om 18:22 geschreven door peter  

UFO Sightings: Stunning Footage Shows Mysterious Craft Soaring Past Model’s Plane at 20,000 Feet

UFO sightings have once again captured the public’s attention, as recent crystal-clear footage shows a bizarre object flying past a Colombian model’s airplane at 20,000 feet. Valentina Rueda Velez (Instagram link) captured the stunning footage during a flight, which has since ignited a frenzy among UFO enthusiasts and sparked a new investigation.

Valentina, who boasts over 110,000 followers on Instagram, shared the video in her Instagram story, quickly catching the attention of UFO fans worldwide. The footage shows her aircraft cruising through clear blue skies and sunshine before an unusual object appears on the right side of the screen. The object rapidly grows in size as it zooms past the cockpit window.

Many viewers have commented on the object’s striking “disc-shaped saucer” appearance. The clip was soon picked up by the extra-terrestrial aficionado The Hidden Underbelly, who analyzed the footage on his social media. He concluded, “In this footage, we get a clear view of this object, and this looks damn good. It seems to be a saucer-shaped craft.”

• UFO Sighting: Mysterious Blue Ring-Shaped Object Filmedin Tamaulipas, Mexico on February 28th, 2022…

Enthusiasts were quick to suggest that the extraordinary clip could be evidence of aliens making a rare visit to Earth. One YouTube user praised the footage, saying, “That looks so real, great catch whoever took this video.” Another added, “Definitely looks real to me – it’s always difficult to judge the size, possibly the size of a small car.”

Some skeptics, however, dismissed the possibility of aliens flying through the airspace. A few speculated that the object was a drone or merely flying debris. Despite the differing opinions, the video has amassed more than 6,000 views and remains a hot topic in the UFO community.

This sighting comes on the heels of another UFO video under investigation by the Pentagon, which appeared to “defy physics” according to a new study. In Japan, a strange metal ball washed up on a beach, leaving officials puzzled.

As UFO sightings continue to fascinate the public, the debate about the existence of extra-terrestrial life remains ongoing. With the emergence of this new, high-quality footage, the truth may be closer than ever before.

RELATED

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

11-04-2023 om 18:19 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 11-04-2023

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope | 60 Minutes Archive

Scott Pelley first reported on Webb, the largest and most expensive instrument ever flown and a hundred times more powerful than the Hubble telescope, just days before it launched in December 2021.

Magnetic Cataclysm 42000 Years Ago May Have Caused Extinction

An Event So EXTREME it Makes Parts of the Galaxy Uninhabitable

Space is a bleak, hostile environment. Asteroid strikes, supernovae and gamma ray bursts could wipe us out at any moment. But could certain parts of the galaxy be more dangerous than others? And could this explain why we live, when and where we live?

Written and presented by Prof David Kipping, guest starring Jackson Kipping and edited by Jorge Casas.

What would we see at the speed of light?

What optical effects appear when we accelerate? Could we reach the speed of light? And what would we see when we try to go faster? All these answers in 15 minutes!

0:00 - Introduction

1:01 - Take-off

2:25 - Aberration of light

4:41 - Doppler effect

6:50 - Time dilation

7:48 - Length contraction

10:28 - Speed of light

12:24 - Warp drive

This video is narrated by Octave Masson.

What Happened To This Man Will Shock You! Steve Boucher & Paul Wallis

Paul Wallis is joined by Steve Boucher on the 5thkind tv and reveals his shocking story!

THE ALIEN ABDUCTION OF THE CENTURY : LINDA NAPOLITANO STORY - ORIGINAL V MOVIES SCI-FI DOCUMENTARY

Linda Napolitano was a simple New York housewife, at least until November 30, 1989, when in the middle of the night she was abducted by aliens and made to float above the Manhattan sky until she entered a UFO where she was subjected to mysterious experiments.

RELATED VIDEOS

Hypnosis, aliens, man in black and important political figures, these are the pieces that characterize the alien abduction of Linda Napolitano, what over time was defined by experts as "the alien abduction case of the century".

The Abduction of Betty & Barney Hill - Documentary

In this video, we take a look at the Betty and Barney Hill Incident, which was not only one of the most famous UFO encounters in history, but was the case which popularized the concept of alien abductions.

RELATED

The Kelly-Hopkinsville Encounter | Documentary

One night in August of 1955, a group of 11 people burst into a local police station in rural Kentucky, claiming they had been harassed by strange creatures, impervious to bullets, who had been standing directly outside of their house for hours, looking inside. The investigation that took place in the subsequent days and months revealed this case (which, though the creatures described were silver, gave rise to the term "little green men") to be one of the strangest purported encounters with extraterrestrials ever recorded. In this video, we analyze this incident.

Why Are Governments Hiding About Aliens? | The UFO Conclusion | Absolute Documentaries

What is the alien agenda? Are UFOs real? And why has the government gone to such great lengths to stifle the overwhelming evidence that there is life outside of Earth that exists? Some of our greatest minds on the planet share the truth behind this massive cover-up. Stanton Friedman is one of these people, he is a top nuclear physicist who has appeared in countless documentaries and tv programs talking and sharing his expertise. Jim Mars also speaks on this matter, he is an author of the top-selling non-fiction UFO book in the world, Alien Agenda.

Mufon & UFOs: The Proof is Out There | UFO INVESTIGATIONS

Researchers have been searching for proof of extraterrestrial life for years. Earl Anderson, the head of Investigations of MUFON Los Angeles, and his team search for proof of the existence of UAPs and life on beyond planet Earth.
Starring

• Earl Grey Anderson Gino Meregillano Benjamin Fields
  

Directed by

• Jeremy Norrie

RELATED

Researchers have been searching for proof of extraterrestrial life for years. Earl Anderson, the head of Investigations of MUFON Los Angeles, and his team search for proof of the existence of UAPs and life on beyond planet Earth. The proof is out there.

https://mufon.com/

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 18:03 geschreven door peter  

{  https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 01:52 geschreven door peter  

Ex-CIA Officer On UFOs & Aliens: Says ‘They Are Showing Up In 2027’

By Vicky Verma

In the 1940s, the CIA first became involved in UFOs. Since then, a number of former US military personnel and CIA officers have advanced UFOlogy by making stunning remarks. Former CIA and US military officials including R. James Woolsey, John Brennan, Jim Semivan, Lue Elizondo, and others have described how the existence of reality all around us that we are unable to perceive could be a major aspect of the UFO phenomenon.

Since 2021, John Ramirez, who spent 25 years in the CIA, has been providing truthful insights into the UAPs that he learned in his career. He is a highly intelligent individual who has an immense amount of knowledge and experience regarding the U.S. intelligence apparatus and the UAP subject. He has made an impressive social media presence after he revealed many UAP-related mysteries that had never been discussed in public by any government official.

CIA retired John Ramirez, who specialized in ballistic missile defense systems, worked for the CIA from 1984 to 2009, holding positions in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Directorate of Science and Technology, and the Directorate of Intelligence. He attained GS-15 grade, which indicates that he worked for the agency in a relatively senior capacity.

His appearance on the highly acclaimed Witness Citizen podcast on October 17, 2021 created a huge burst in the UFO community. Later, Ramirez made an appearance on Project Unity, where he delivered a series of slides to assist researchers in navigating the FOIA process. Ramirez was particularly helpful in identifying the appropriate agencies to contact when requesting particular types of information.

The slides, which are available online, also include historical information about UFOs and current statements made by prominent former U.S. intelligence officials, including John Ratcliffe, a former director of national intelligence. He stated a schematic on how to investigate a UFO in the CIA style:

Establish a group to investigate and evaluate sightings;
Determine the objectives of your investigation;
Consult with experts;
Create a reporting system to organize incoming cases;
Eliminate false positives;
Develop a methodology to identify common aircraft and other aerial phenomena often mistaken for UFOs;
Examine witness documentation;
Conduct controlled experiments;
Gather and test physical and forensics evidence and Discourage false reporting.

Ramirez made assumptions regarding the current UFO disclosure procedure, and it appears that his opinions may have been influenced by members of the intelligence community, either current or former, or perhaps by individuals connected to the Department of Defense. During his interview with Project Unity, Ramirez claimed that the US government does not currently discuss the UFO craft’s occupants. This is a significant comment from Ramirez, who has asserted his opinion that UFOs may indeed represent a form of non-human intelligence.

John Ramirez retired from the agency recently as an officer with GS-15 status.

Ramirez is not the first CIA agent to make the assertion that UFOs might be non-human intelligence. John Brennan, a former CIA director, suggested that UFOs might be “a different form of life.” Brennan said: “You try to ensure that you have as much data as possible in terms of visuals and also different types of maybe technical collection of sensors that you have at the time. (Source)

Also, I believe, it’s important to reach out into other environments and find out, were there any type of weather phenomena at that time that might have, in fact, created the appearance of the phenomenon that you’re looking at? Were there some things that were happening on the ground, or other types of phenomena that could help explain what seems to be quite a mystery as far as what is there? You really have to approach it with an open mind, but get as much data as possible and get as much expertise as possible brought to bear.”

Ramirez made an intriguing statement in response to the rumor that the US government is reluctant to discuss the potential UFO occupants. The U.S. Air Force may be partially to blame for this current stance, according to Ramirez. However, not for obvious reasons. He commented:

“The air force and their exploitation of that type of technology made a mess of things, as when people see the triangular craft, and they’re not flying in space but in our atmosphere, it points to the fact that we know what the triangles are and we want people to think they’re seeing UFOs because then people won’t know exactly what they’re seeing.”

Some speculated that Ramirez suggests that the USAF may be responsible for sightings of triangular aircraft, which some have dubbed the TR3B. On the Joe Rogan Experience, Tom Delonge implied that the United States government owned such vessels, but also said that some of them belonged to other intelligence. Delonge claimed that triangle-shaped craft, assuming they contain tail fins, symbolize human technology.

Read also:

• Head of Canada UFO Program: Ancient Races From Elsewhere Colonized Earth Many Times
• Harvard Scientist believes UFO From Another Star System Is lying Under Pacific Ocean
• Italy Had UFO Crash & Recovered Alien Bodies Prior To Roswell: Is USA Holding Them?
• Ex-Apollo Astronaut Claimed Humans Are Ancient Aliens, Visited Earth From Space

According to a member of the US House of Representatives Tim Burchett, it may all have started after the government recovered crashed alien vehicles. During an interview for On Balance With Leland Vittert, Burchett was asked about the Navy’s possession of more videos of UFOs that it is not willing to release to the public for reasons of National Security.

If anti-gravitic crafts exist, then potentially, such technology will be disclosed throughout the disclosure process. Former senator Harry Reid has already asserted that Lockheed Martin may have UFO materials, thus perhaps technology does exist. According to Lue Elizondo, the disclosure procedure and potential international collaboration (including with China) may lead to amazing technological advancements. (Source)

Ross Coulthart, an investigative journalist, in his tweet shared a link to a YouTube video (which is now private), stating John Ramirez tells IUFOC the agency’s weird desk investigations into UAP never stopped from the 1940s. “These are ongoing programs from the very beginning. They are still there.” It’s “more than” just the Pentagon’s AAWSAP-AATIP. Check the below Twitter thread to understand the context Coulthart is trying to explain.

“There for them to ask me questions. But it was very clear to me that AATIP was not the first of its kind effort. There was an organized effort back in the 80s to do exactly this as well. Now how far they got, I don’t know because what was told to me, verbatim,” Elizondo said.

Ramirez also experienced what might be considered alien abduction-type experiences, including being placed on an examination table in a circular craft. Interestingly, a number of his counterparts in the CIA and NSA also had UFO experiences, he revealed. In his job related to missile defense, he became aware of times when Russian radar would detect unusual craft, and in one instance, he said they tried to lure a UAP into landing.

Ramirez noted that CIA historian Gerald Haines wrote about the agency’s study of UFOs from 1947 through the 1990s, for a division that was initially called the Office of Scientific Intelligence. What was particularly intriguing to Ramirez is that the division had life sciences and medical people on staff, indicating possible interest in alien bodies.

He also described how an Air Force pilot on the plane that flew near Kamchatka to monitor Russian tests observed a massive “milky white wall” of light flying toward him at 6,200 mph, though the Air Force assumed it was some kind of countermeasure by the Russians. Regarding the military sightings of “trans-medium” UAP like the Tic Tacs, Ramirez said he does not believe that Russia or any other foreign country has the capabilities to produce this kind of antigravity technology.

Elizondo made these points in several interviews, but in this one, he was asked to elaborate on his comments about how our senses are reductive and limit our reality, and how this might be relevant to the phenomenon.

In his interview with Project Unity, Ramirez opined that Humans are hybrids. According to him, Elizondo is unable to use the word “hybridization,” but the Pentagon employees are counting on him to do so eventually. Elizondo discussed the possibility that non-human intelligence have been in contact with humans for a very long time on the Theories of Everything podcast. This would imply that we have all forgotten about our own past, which would hide the possibility that we are hybrids of humans and extraterrestrials.

Something is coming in 2027

On Podcast UFO with Martin Wills, Ramirez claimed that government is aware of an impending event in 2027 which will reveal something quite significant so people are being prepared. He has been stating that there is a presence on Earth (which he refers demonic) who are just projecting their own belief systems to make us disbelieve in what we believe. Wills asked Ramirez what would happen if there was mass Landing? would we just simply prepare for a conflict or would we actually initiate something? (Source)

Former CIA replied:

“I think the dialogue we have now in this country, even with the recent legislation that passed through the legislature and is on its way up to the president’s desk, is preparing the U.S population, and by extension the world population, for the reality that there is a presence here that we need to explain. If they show up and we continue to do what we did before in previous decades, there will be mass panic. However, if we understand that these are real and we have five years from 2022, or maybe now four years, if they come in 2027, for the US government to prepare the people about what is up there.

In many ways, I think the word got out within the government that they’re showing up in 2027, and we better be prepared. If not, there’s going to be a lot of explaining to do. So, I think that dialogue has happened within certain areas inside the government, that we need to prepare.

That’s why in 2017, that set a clock of 10 years, and why Lou Elizondo earlier in this year said, “Just find a hobby for five years, and it’ll all be out in five years,” and he said that this year, so that was 2027. I’ve heard 2027 in an official capacity, and I can’t reveal, so I would say that people in the government are aware of something happening, and there’s limited time, a few more years to prepare the people. That’s what’s wrapping up this acceleration from the previous seven decades of not even acknowledging it to now acknowledging it at a faster and faster pace.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

11-04-2023 om 00:41 geschreven door peter  

Warp drives: Physicists investigate faster-than-light space travel

Faster than light travel is the only way humans could ever get to other stars in a reasonable amount of time.

Les Bossinas/NASA/Wikimedia Commons

The closest star to Earth is Proxima Centauri. It is about 4.25 light-years away, or about 25 trillion miles (40 trillion kilometers). The fastest ever spacecraft, the now- in-space Parker Solar Probe will reach a top speed of 450,000 mph. It would take just 20 seconds to go from Los Angeles to New York City at that speed, but it would take the solar probe about 6,633 years to reach Earth’s nearest neighboring solar system.

If humanity ever wants to travel easily between stars, people will need to go faster than light. But so far, faster-than-light travel is possible only in science fiction.

In Issac Asimov’s Foundation series, humanity can travel from planet to planet, star to star or across the universe using jump drives. As a kid, I read as many of those stories as I could get my hands on. I am now a theoretical physicist and study nanotechnology, but I am still fascinated by the ways humanity could one day travel in space.

Some characters – like the astronauts in the movies “Interstellar” and “Thor” – use wormholes to travel between solar systems in seconds. Another approach – familiar to “Star Trek” fans – is warp drive technology. Warp drives are theoretically possible if still far-fetched technology. Two recent papers made headlines in March when researchers claimed to have overcome one of the many challenges that stand between the theory of warp drives and reality.

But how do these theoretical warp drives really work? And will humans be making the jump to warp speed anytime soon?

This 2-dimensional representation shows the flat, unwarped bubble of spacetime in the center where a warp drive would sit surrounded by compressed spacetime to the right (downward curve) and expanded spacetime to the left (upward curve).

AllenMcC/Wikimedia Commons

Compression and expansion

Physicists’ current understanding of spacetime comes from Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity. General relativity states that space and time are fused and that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. General relativity also describes how mass and energy warp spacetime – hefty objects like stars and black holes curve spacetime around them. This curvature is what you feel as gravity and why many spacefaring heroes worry about “getting stuck in” or “falling into” a gravity well. Early science fiction writers John Campbell and Asimov saw this warping as a way to skirt the speed limit.

What if a starship could compress space in front of it while expanding spacetime behind it? “Star Trek” took this idea and named it the warp drive.

In 1994, Miguel Alcubierre, a Mexican theoretical physicist, showed that compressing spacetime in front of the spaceship while expanding it behind was mathematically possible within the laws of General Relativity. So, what does that mean? Imagine the distance between two points is 33 feet (10 meters). If you are standing at point A and can travel one meter per second, it would take 10 seconds to get to point B. However, let’s say you could somehow compress the space between you and point B so that the interval is now just one meter. Then, moving through spacetime at your maximum speed of one meter per second, you would be able to reach point B in about one second. In theory, this approach does not contradict the laws of relativity since you are not moving faster than light in the space around you. Alcubierre showed that the warp drive from “Star Trek” was in fact theoretically possible.

Proxima Centauri here we come, right? Unfortunately, Alcubierre’s method of compressing spacetime had one problem: it requires negative energy or negative mass.

This 2–dimensional representation shows how positive mass curves spacetime (left side, blue earth) and negative mass curves spacetime in an opposite direction (right side, red earth).

Tokamac/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

A negative energy problem

Alcubierre’s warp drive would work by creating a bubble of flat spacetime around the spaceship and curving spacetime around that bubble to reduce distances. The warp drive would require either negative mass – a theorized type of matter – or a ring of negative energy density to work. Physicists have never observed negative mass, so that leaves negative energy as the only option.

To create negative energy, a warp drive would use a huge amount of mass to create an imbalance between particles and antiparticles. For example, if an electron and an antielectron appear near the warp drive, one of the particles would get trapped by the mass and this results in an imbalance. This imbalance results in negative energy density. Alcubierre’s warp drive would use this negative energy to create the spacetime bubble.

But for a warp drive to generate enough negative energy, you would need a lot of matter. Alcubierre estimated that a warp drive with a 100-meter bubble would require the mass of the entire visible universe.

In 1999, physicist Chris Van Den Broeck showed that expanding the volume inside the bubble but keeping the surface area constant would reduce the energy requirements significantly, to just about the mass of the Sun. A significant improvement, but still far beyond all practical possibilities.

11-04-2023 om 00:16 geschreven door peter  

Closest pair of supermassive black holes as seen by MUSE

In this Picture of the Week we peer closer into the galaxy UGC 4211, where astronomers have discovered two supermassive black holes on the verge of merging, separated by just 750 lightyears — the closest to have been found to date and less than half of the previous record. They used ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), of which ESO is a partner, and other telescopes to detect the bright light produced as the black holes engulf material in their vicinity.

The image shown here was made using data from the MUSE instrument on ESO’s VLT in Chile. It shows emission from oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in blue, green and red respectively. Red indicates areas of star formation, and the bright white central region indicates the presence of two supermassive black holes swallowing material from their surroundings.

Combining data from the VLT, ALMA and other telescopes, a team led by Michael Koss at Eureka Scientific in the US could identify these two black holes and study them in detail. These black holes likely found each other when their host galaxies collided and merged. Observing this system will help improve our understanding of how galaxies and their supermassive black holes grow as they merge.

Alternative versions of this image

Side-by-side comparison
Interactive comparison
Stellar image

Credit:
ESO/Koss et al.

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10-04-2023 om 23:52 geschreven door peter  

The mysterious pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan: “Technology from another world”

Zack White

Most people don’t know that near the famous trio of pyramids in Giza, Egypt, there are two other pyramids of which only their foundations remain.

One of them is called the unfinished North Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, almost 5 km southeast of Giza; the other, smaller, is called Layer Pyramid.

Archaeologists think that they are unfinished pyramids, but at UfoSpain we believe that they were actually destroyed a long time ago.

We looked on the internet for information about the unfinished North Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, and found that the information was often wrong and misleading.

The pyramid is not unfinished, the underground structure is not a burial chamber or tomb, and the granite bathtub they found is not a sarcophagus.

We always like to go to the original source, which, in this case, is the Italian archaeologist Alessandro Barsanti, who found the remains of the pyramid in the early 1900s and began excavating in 1904.

His original report, in the French language, contains descriptions of the underground corridors, the chamber, and the curious oval bathtub. His description of this stone vat and how it was sealed and protected is truly remarkable.

Although Barsanti was impressed by the high quality of the stone work of the descending shaft and the open room at the bottom, no one else investigated this monument.

Since 1964, the pyramid has been placed in a restricted military area, and further excavation is prohibited.

The entire base of the North Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan is cut from the local limestone rock. Its base is 200 meters, which would make it almost as tall as the Great Pyramid of Giza. A large descending tree was cut from this rock leading to an underground chamber.

Archaeologists still attribute this interior space to a funerary function, where the pharaoh was supposed to be buried, despite the fact that all the stone chests (other than sarcophagi) found in the pyramids were empty, and all the pharaohs and aristocrats They were buried in the Valley of the Kings.

As some researchers have pointed out, the construction of the pyramids and their interior design show that they were technological devices intended to harvest energy, from the earth and the cosmos, and to use this energy probably for multiple purposes.

Some people say that the pyramid builders (in Atlantean times) used liquids and gases inside the pyramids, which is interesting because of the granite vat found at the base of Zawyet El Aryan’s North Pyramid. .

Others say that the underground veins of water produced electricity and sound vibrations that were amplified by the construction of the pyramid.

At this time we don’t know for sure how the pyramids worked because the Atlanteans used a very different technology, and the remains were ruined.

Yes, most of the pyramids were built over twelve thousand years ago during the Atlantean period. After their disappearance and the destruction of the coastal lands by huge tsunamis, much of what was in Egypt was left in ruins.

After several thousand years, the dynastic Egyptians settled there, adopting the pyramids and all that they found, into their own culture.

For example, we see that some of the dynastic temples, built with small stones, were built on large blocks of stone weighing several tons, which were the remaining base of the Atlantean buildings.

What has also been pointed out is that at one point, probably when the Atlantean civilization came to a catastrophic end, there was a malfunction in the pyramid technology and explosions occurred.

There are other nearby pyramids that show signs of explosive destruction with stone blocks scattered around them. One of them is the Bent Pyramid of Dashur, which has one corner dismantled as if by an explosion.

The northern pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan may also have been blown up, as many stones were found scattered around it.

The reason why only the base remains today is easy. In the last thousands of years, people nearby have used the stones to build their own houses.

Why go stone mining, when you can use already cut stones from old monuments? Apparently, when the Roman Empire occupied Upper Egypt, they used this monument as a stone quarry.

Even in recent times, the stones were used by the local population as building materials.

What remains today of the North Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, however, is still very interesting, complete with a mystery that also hints at unusual and ancient technology.

Italian archaeologist Alessandro Barsanti began excavating the underground structure of the North Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan in 1904. He was the only one to ever examine this structure.

He left us some very interesting descriptions. The original report of him was published in the Annales del Service des Antiquités de Egypte, tome VII , of the Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale du Caire , in 1906.

Although not much remains of the North Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, we can point out some characteristics that make it not a tomb but a technological construction, the purpose of which is still unknown.

The bathtub is the most interesting of all. Why cut it out of one of the granite blocks of the pavement? It had a perfectly fitted granite top on top, and was polished like a mirror on the inside.

These features create a very strong link to the Serapeum’s underground granite coffers. These oversized chests, also mislabeled tomb ( for the bulls! )..

They had perfectly fitting tops, and their inside walls were not only level to a fraction of an inch and at perfect ninety degree angles, they were also polished like a mirror.

By the way, the Serapeum arks cannot be manufactured or duplicated by our modern technology.

So why was it necessary for the bathtub to have a smooth interior mirror? And why was it oval, which is more difficult to make than a simple rectangular box?

We imagine that it was after the destruction of the pyramid (by an explosion), that the caretakers sealed the tub with a layer of lime and limestone blocks.

They could also have filled the chamber and corridor with stones and rubble. It is quite possible that these people did not ultimately survive the catastrophe, and the vat thus sealed remained so until Barsanti discovered it again.

There could be more underground passages yet to be discovered, as Barsanti noted that after heavy rain, “the shaft was flooded to a height of three meters. Around midnight, the water dropped abruptly by about a meter.”

We can only explain this phenomenon by assuming that it is submerged in an underground tunnel, large enough to hold 380 cubic meters of water.

One wonders why the Egyptian authorities are not interested in further excavations. They are always eager to discover a hidden tomb full of treasures..

Oh! And why was he placed in a military zone? There are still many mysteries to be solved. What do you think? Leave your comment below.

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{ https://mysteriousociety.com/category/mystery }

10-04-2023 om 23:14 geschreven door peter  

CIA reconnaissance pilot on witnessing a triangular UFO following his flight between Tokyo & Hawaii

Year of UFO incident and interview: 1977.

RELATED

Canadian Pacific Airlines pilot on witnessing a UFO during a flight from Tokyo to Vancouver, 1969

Canadian Pacific Airlines pilot interviewed by Dr. J. Allen Hynek.

Date of incident: June 1969

Pilot Andy Danziger on witnessing a huge UFO on a flight from Kansas to Iowa, 1989

Large white disc turned into a giant red ball. April 1989, on a flight between Kansas and Iowa. Witnessed by pilot Andrew Danziger.
Date interview: May, 2015.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

10-04-2023 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

Supermassive black holes share a surprising link with subatomic gluon 'color glass walls'

By Robert Lea

Scientists have discovered a common thread between the monstrous black holes that lurk at the hearts of galaxies and subatomic glass condensates created in collisions of atomic nuclei.

Scientists have found a surprising connection between supermassive black holes and densely packed "walls" of gluons, tiny subatomic particles that hold quarks together to birth protons and neutrons. 

(Image credit: MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY via Getty Images)

Scientists have discovered a surprising connection between the supermassive black holes that dwell at the hearts of most galaxies and dense walls of subatomic particles called gluons.

In terms of size, they couldn't be more different: Supermassive black holes can be billions of miles across, and the dense walls of gluons, known as color glass condensates (CGCs), are less than a billionth of a mile in diameter. 

Yet a team of scientists from the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Brookhaven National Laboratory has discovered that supermassive black holes and CGCs are similar in that they are made of densely packed, fundamental force carrier particles called bosons.

Related: 

• Dead and alive at the same time: Black holes have quantum properties 

For CGCs, these bosons are gluons, particles that carry the strong nuclear force responsible for "gluing together" elementary particles called quarks to form protons and neutrons, which make up the atomic nuclei of all ordinary matter. For supermassive black holes, the constituent densely crowded particles are gravitons, hypothetical particles that carry the force of gravity.

In both systems, the bosons are arranged in the most energy- and size-efficient configuration. This creates a high degree of order that is typical of both CGCs and black holes, with both systems packing in the maximum amount of quantum information possible about their constituent bosons , including their spatial distribution, velocity and collective forces. 

Because the limits placed on quantum information are universal, researchers can learn more about one system of densely packed bosons by studying the other. 

As a result, the secrets of distant and inaccessible supermassive black holes could be revealed by examining CGCs in labs here on Earth. In particular, scientists could look at the "gluon shock waves" created in CGCs during particle collisions to learn more about the gravitational shock waves that are produced when two black holes collide and merge to form an even more massive black hole. 

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CGCs are created when atomic nuclei are accelerated to near the speed of light and then slammed together. After these collisions, conducted at facilities such as the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Upton, New York, the CGCs "melt" to form a nearly perfect liquid of quarks and gluons. While investigating this process to learn more about the strong nuclear force, the team found that gluons appear to organize themselves in a way that conforms to a universal limit on the amount of entropy, or disorder, that can exist in a system. The enormous conglomerates of gravitons that make up black holes are also believed to arrange themselves according to this limit. 

This mathematical similarity suggests there is a correspondence between how black holes are born, reach thermal equilibrium with their environment and even how they may eventually decay, and how walls of gluons collide in nuclear collisions at near-light speeds. 

The limit placed on entropy behind this similarity is related to a key feature of quantum information science (QIS) called maximal information packing. Therefore, to learn more about the connection between black holes and gluon walls, scientists must turn to QIS. In turn, the study of these systems could ultimately prove useful for the development of quantum computers, which depend on tightly packed cold atoms to perform calculations. 

The team's research is published in the journal Physical Review D(opens in new tab). 

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10-04-2023 om 18:47 geschreven door peter  

The ice in Antarctica has melted before

The ice sheet thickness and movement speed therefore vary a great deal over longer periods, and the mountain range further into the continent seems to be an important division between the dynamic coast and the ice sheet further towards the South Pole, which varies much less in thickness.

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10-04-2023 om 17:23 geschreven door peter  

The Mysterious Kecksburg UFO and an Enigmatic Discovery on Mars

On December 9, 1965, something unusual fell from the sky and landed in the forest outside Kecksburg, Pennsylvania. Witnesses described it as an acorn-shaped metal object with peculiar markings. This unexplained event has captivated UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike. Meanwhile, an intriguing discovery on Mars has sparked further debate about extraterrestrial life and its potential connections to Earth.

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Theories on Martian Civilizations and Alien Visitors

George Haas, director of The Cydonia Institute, suggests that ancient civilizations, such as the Cydonians, may have once thrived on Mars. He points to evidence of pyramidal structures and mound formations on the red planet that defy natural explanations. However, Haas believes that these civilizations vanished millions of years ago after a nuclear Armageddon.

Some speculate that the crashed UFO on Mars could be linked to the “Grays,” an alien species believed to have visited Earth for millennia. It has been suggested that these extraterrestrial beings might have experienced a similar crash in Roswell and could have lost control of their vehicle on Mars as well.

Experts Weigh In

Astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy argues that the Martian disc’s smooth crescent shape could potentially be a heat shield from a failed probe. However, he also notes that the width and depth of the trench surrounding the object seem inconsistent with a heat shield crash.

NASA geologist Bob Anderson offers an alternative explanation for the mysterious formation, stating that it is located in Candor Chasm, an area with volcanic planes and a combination of sedimentary layers and volcanic lava flows. According to Anderson, the parallel lines are ancient geologic cracks, and the object’s perfect curve could be due to wind patterns.

Conclusion: Unexplained Phenomenon

Despite various theories, the Kecksburg UFO and the Martian disc remain unexplained phenomena. While Dr. Anderson’s theory offers a plausible explanation for the Martian formation, McCarthy’s argument about the object’s perfect curve raises questions. Until we can examine these findings more closely, the mysteries of the Kecksburg UFO and the Martian disc continue to captivate our imaginations and fuel debates about the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

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10-04-2023 om 16:31 geschreven door peter