You saw the first image of a black hole. Now see it better with AI.

Mix general relativity with machine learning, and an astronomical donut starts to look more like a Cheerio.

BY PURBITA SAHA 

AI, enhance. 

Medeiros et al., 2013

Astronomy sheds light on the far-off, intangible phenomena that shape our universe and everything outside it. Artificial intelligence sifts through tiny, mundane details to help us process important patterns. Put the two together, and you can tackle almost any scientific conundrum—like determining  the relative shape of a black hole. 

The Event Horizon Telescope (a network of eight radio observatories placed strategically around the globe) originally captured the first image of a black hole in 2017 in the Messier 87 galaxy. After processing and compressing more than five terabytes of data, the team released a hazy shot in 2019, prompting people to joke that it was actually a fiery donut or a screenshot from Lord of the Rings. At the time, researchers conceded that the image could be improved with more fine-tuned observations or algorithms. 

Related: 

• How AI can make galactic telescope images ‘sharper’
  

In a study published on April 13 in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, physicists from four US institutions used AI to sharpen the iconic image. This group fed the observatories’ raw interferometry data into an algorithm to produce a sharper, more accurate depiction of the black hole. The AI they used, called PRIMO, is an automated analysis tool that reconstructs visual data at higher resolutions to study gravity, the human genome, and more. In this case, the authors trained the neural network with simulations of accreting black holes—a mass-sucking process that produces thermal energy and radiation. They also relied on a mathematical technique called Fourier transform to turn energy frequencies, signals, and other artifacts into information the eye can see.

Their edited image shows a thinner “event horizon,” the glowing circle formed when light and accreted gas crosses into the gravitational sink. This could have “important implications for measuring the mass of the central black hole in M87 based on the EHT images,” the paper states.

The original image of M87 from 2019 (left) compared to the PRIMO reconstruction (middle) and the PRIMO reconstruction “blurred” to EHT’s resolution (right). The blurring occurs such that the image can match the resolution of EHT and the algorithm doesn’t add resolution when it is filling in gaps that the EHT would not be able to see with its true resolution. 

Medeirois et al., 2023

One thing’s for sure: The subject at the center of the shot is extremely dark, potent, and powerful. It’s even more clearly defined in the AI-enhanced version, backing up the claim that the supermassive black hole is up to 6.5 billion times heftier than our sun. Compare that to Sagittarius A*—the black hole that was recently captured in the Milky Way—which is estimated at 4 million times the sun’s mass.

Sagittarius A* could be another PRIMO target, Lia Medeiros, lead study author and astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced Study, told the Associated Press. But the group is not in a rush to move on from the more distant black hole located 55 million light-years away in Messier 87. “It feels like we’re really seeing it for the first time,” she added in the AP interview. The image was a feat of astronomy, and now, people can gaze on it with more clarity.

Watch an interview where the researchers discuss their AI methods more in-depth below:

{  https://www.popsci.com/ }

15-04-2023 om 00:11 geschreven door peter  

Researchers have confirmed the existence of a SECOND Earth located in the Proxima Centauri System. The planet is believed to have oceans just like Earth and may hay host alien life. In the past, thousands of exoplanets have been discovered in the universe, but none of them is like Proxima B.

Proxima b, as has been baptized, has very ‘promising characteristics: it is probably rocky, slightly more massive than our own planet, and is located in the region around its star that would allow liquid water on its surface to exist.

Researchers have discovered a planet located in the Proxima Centauri system, one of the closest stars to Earth which they believe harbors liquid water and potentially alien life.

The planet, named Proxima B is believed to be around 1.3 times the size of our planet and has the ideal temperature on the surface for water in a liquid state to exist.

Proxima B has located four light years away from Earth –over 25 TRILLION MILES—meaning that in order to visit the planet in the near future, future generations would have to come up with super-fast spacecraft that would allow them to travel to the Proxima Centauri system with ease.

If the planet proves to be a SECOND Earth’ it could become one of the best options for future human colonization.

Researchers believe that the temperature on the surface of the planet could be between -90 degrees Celsius and 30 degrees Celsius.
According to researchers, Proxima B may be the best opportunity we have come across to find DIRECT evidence of the existence of Alien Lifeforms outside of our solar system.

The planet which has already been dubbed a second Earth’ is located at an ideal distance from its host star for liquid water to exist, which means that life as we know it is very likely to exist.

Proxima B is the closest exoplanet we have ever discovered, and according to researchers, a mission to the planet to search for signs of life could be something achievable within our lifetime.

The distance from our planet to Proxima B may seem insurmountable, but it is actually formidably shorter when compared to other candidates to host life. This means that Proxima B could become the first objective for future interstellar travel.

Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf located in the constellation Centaurus. The star itself is too weak to be observed with the naked eye, but in recent months, scientists have not taken their eyes off of it.

In fact, during the first half of this year, Proxima Centauri was followed regularly with the HARPS spectrograph installed on the 3.6-meter telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in La Silla (Chile) and monitored simultaneously with other instruments from around the world.

“Many exoplanets have been found, and many more will be found, but searching for the closest potential Earth-analogue and succeeding has been the experience of a lifetime for all of us,” Dr. Guillem Anglada-Escudé, lead author of the paper, said.“Many people’s stories and efforts have converged on this discovery. The result is also a tribute to all of them. The search for life on Proxima b comes next.”

There are already two papers that describe and go through the potential habitability of Proxima B.

Future observations, for example using the 39-m ESO E-ELT telescope under construction in Chile, will allow further investigation of Proxima b and of the hypothetical presence of a thick atmosphere and a liquid water reservoir. If this turned out to be the case, it would be very exciting that the nearest star to the Sun also hosts the nearest habitable (perhaps inhabited?) planet.

{ https://blog.yameestudio.com/ }

14-04-2023 om 23:53 geschreven door peter  

Cosmic "caramel" appears in photo of colliding galaxies !

About 180 million light-years away are two colliding galaxies that together are called Taffy ("caramel" in English — specifically a soft, "stuffed" type of caramel). A new image from the Gemini North observatory has revealed details of the object that inspired the name: a cloud that looks like a "taffy" stuffing inside a galactic "sandwich".

Typically, galactic collisions result in tails and distortions in gas clouds, driving new star formation. But in the case of galaxies UGC 12914 (left, 130,000 light-years across) and UGC 12915 (right, 80,000 light-years across), the result was somewhat unusual.

Initiated somewhere between 25 and 30 million years ago, this fusion has two peculiar characteristics. The first is that the galaxies are facing each other, at an angle that makes them almost parallel. The second is the gas cloud pulled by the two galaxies.

When the galactic encounter is lateral or at more open angles, the gravity of one can "steal" a piece of the other's arms, or both can mix. In all cases, the star-forming clouds collide and increase stellar output.

But that was not the scenario in Taffy, since the collision was practically head-on. When they collided, the galaxies caused turbulence in the gas cloud, and when they emerged from the collision (yes, the collision already occurred), the gas was pulled by them and formed a “bridge”.
Now, the gas we see between the two objects is trapped between them, more or less like a spider's web, and the turbulence is preventing the gas from collecting and compressing it necessary to form new stars.

Unfortunately for home telescope users capable of observing Taffy, the "caramel filling" cannot be seen except by radio telescopes, which are able to "see" light in radio emissions, invisible to us. Still, it must be interesting to find a pair of spirals so close together in the sky.

Source: NOIRLab

• The Taffy galaxies, in a new image from the Gemini observatory (Image: Reproduction/International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA)

{ James Webb Space Telescope & Cosmology }

14-04-2023 om 23:38 geschreven door peter  

JWST’s detection of early galaxies that are far мore мassiʋe than astronoмers had expected could мean we need to rewrite our understanding of the cosмos.

Astronoмers haʋe used the Jaмes WeƄƄ Space Telescope (JWST) to reʋeal a host of high-мass galaxies in the early uniʋerse — Ƅut according to a new study they shouldn’t really exist. Either astronoмers haʋe мisunderstood soмething aƄout the galaxies theмselʋes, or our leading мodel of cosмology is called into question.

Despite Ƅeing in space less than 18 мonths, JWST is already proʋiding unprecedented ʋiews of the uniʋerse in the first few hundred мillion years after the Big Bang. A Ƅig surprise has Ƅeen how quickly large, star-filled galaxies appeared.

Now, Michael Boylan-Kolchin (The Uniʋersity of Texas, Austin) has looked at the proƄleм froм another angle, puƄlishing his findings in <eм>Nature Astronoмy. The leading cosмological мodel is known as ΛCDM, where CDM stands for cold dark мatter. According to the мodel, ordinary мatter and dark мatter were well мixed in the early uniʋerse. When dark мatter haloes collapsedto forм the first galaxies, soмe of the мixed-in ordinary мatter turned into new stars.

“We haʋe ʋery good eʋidence of the distriƄution of мatter in the early uniʋerse froм the cosмic мicrowaʋe Ƅackground,” Boylan-Kolchin says. He calculated how мuch of the ordinary мatter would need to end up in stars to account for the JWST high-мass galaxies. “Alмost eʋery aʋailaƄle atoм would haʋe Ƅeen used to мake stars,” he says.

According to Boylan-Kolchin, this near 100% efficiency is Ƅorderline iмpossiƄle. “It’s мore like 10% in the мodern uniʋerse,” he says.

“The theoretical analysis in this paper is ʋery sound,” says Mark VogelsƄerger (MIT), who was not inʋolʋed in the research. “There are not мany assuмptions going into the calculation, which renders the results ʋery roƄust.”

So if Boylan-Kolchin’s suмs are right, does that мean ΛCDM is wrong? He isn’t quite ready to dispense with it just yet. “No other theory can do what it does — it would Ƅe a last resort to oʋerthrow it,” he says.

What else could Ƅe going on? A teaм led Ƅy Hayley Williaмs (Uniʋersity of Minnesota) has just announced the discoʋery of an intriguing early galaxy at redshift 9.5, also using JWST. It’s so faint that it can only Ƅe seen thanks to aмplification Ƅy graʋitational lensing. Williaмs found that the galaxy has a star forмation rate soмe 38 tiмes higher than a galaxy at redshift 8. The results are puƄlished in <eм>Science.

“This galaxy has a мuch lower мass than the galaxies discussed [Ƅy Boylan-Kolchin] Ƅut, if this kind of star forмation can also happen in higher-мass galaxies at siмilar redshifts, it could help explain the tension with the standard cosмological мodel,” she says.

Boylan-Kolchin isn’t so sure, Ƅecause this oƄject is just 53 light-years across. Galaxies are norмally thousands of tiмes Ƅigger. “It could Ƅe a gloƄular cluster instead,” Boylan-Kolchin says.

There are soмe other options for resolʋing the tension, like tweaking ΛCDM. A faмily of theories known as Early Dark Energy (EDE) мodels suggest altering the Ƅehaʋior of dark energy (the Λ in ΛCDM) iммediately after the Big Bang. Doing so would help resolʋe another ongoing deƄate surrounding the HuƄƄle constant. Squaring this with other oƄserʋations would require extra мatter in the early uniʋerse. Boylan-Kolchin calculates that the density of мatter in early galaxies would haʋe Ƅeen 3 tiмes higher in this case, мeaning star forмation wouldn’t need to Ƅe as efficient to proʋide the saмe result. Howeʋer, EDE мodels also suggest that the uniʋerse is only 13 Ƅillion years old, which is in conflict with other мeasureмents.

Astronoмers could also Ƅe мistakenly attriƄuting soмe of the galaxies’ light to stars, when in fact it is coмing froм accretion disks around superмassiʋe Ƅlack holes. “This is one of the мost likely scenarios,” Boylan-Kolchin says.

So far astronoмers haʋe only seen a handful of these galaxies, and they are all in an area that takes up just a quarter-мillionth of the sky. That’s hardly representatiʋe of the whole cosмos. “We мay well find with follow-up full statistical surʋeys . . . that this tension disappears,” says Joel Leja (Penn State), who was not inʋolʋed in the research.

They мight not eʋen Ƅe distant galaxies at all. “NearƄy, low-мass galaxies can мiмic the appearance of distant, мassiʋe galaxies,” says Peter Behroozi (Uniʋersity of Arizona), also not inʋolʋed in Boylan-Kolchin’s work. “No-one can reliaƄly [say] whether the conclusions of this paper are right or wrong until мore мeasureмents are taken.”

What’s really needed are spectroscopic мeasureмents of these galaxies. That will help iron out their true distance and allow astronoмers to look for signs of Ƅlack holes. The good news is that this data is on the way. “We really should know if this a serious proƄleм within a couple of years, мayƄe less,” Boylan-Kolchin says.

{ https://live.xem.plus/ }

14-04-2023 om 23:15 geschreven door peter  

Discovery of a hidden Bible chapter written 1,500 years ago is 'fascinating' - and could provide key insights into the earliest translations of the religious text, experts say

• Hidden Bible text in Syriac was found masked behind two layers of writing
• The parchment was reused by a scribe, which was a common practice 
• READ MORE: Academics discover a long-lost Bible chapter using UV light 

By STACY LIBERATORE and JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

A 'hidden chapter' of Bible text written more than 1,500 years ago could provide key insights into how the religious text has changed over time, experts say. 

The new text comprises parts of Matthew 11-12 in the New Testament written in the ancient Syriac language, giving more details than today's standard Gospel text. 

Scientists uncovered the scripture after applying UV light to a manuscript about ancient Christian stories and hymns housed at the Vatican Library. 

The text had been scraped from the parchment, a common practice so new text could be written over it, but the text left traces detectable by UV light. 

Speaking to MailOnline, Dr Garrick Allen, a senior lecturer in New Testament studies at the University of Glasgow, said the discovery provides an insight into the early translations of the Bible. 

The manuscript is chapters 11 through 12 in Matthew. Experts applied UV light to a document, revealing the Bible text was masked behind two layers of writing

'This discovery is highly interesting, but it isn't ground-breaking in isolation, mostly because the newly identified text is only fragmentary parts of Matthew 11-12,' Dr Allen told MailOnline. 

'The Syriac translation of the Bible is important on its own as one of the earliest translations from Greek.

'It gives us insight into the earliest stages of the text of the Bible and the communities that produced these translations.'

Justin Brierley, a Christian author, broadcaster and radio host, called the discovery 'fascinating'.

'The discovery of this new fragment of a Syriac copy of the Gospels is yet another example of how rich the manuscript tradition of the New Testament has been over many centuries,' he told MailOnline.

'It's also fascinating to note the variation in some of the wording of Matthew's gospel compared to our received version of the text. 

'I often encounter critics who question whether the Bible has been changed over time, but the science of textual criticism, aided by discoveries like these, help historians to put together an extremely accurate picture of what the original gospels said.' 

Professor Hugh Houghton at the University of Birmingham's Department of Theology and Religion, called it a 'genuine and important discovery'.

'Until a few years ago we only knew of two manuscript witnesses to the Old Syriac translation of the gospels and now we have four,' he told MailOnline.

'The value of the early translations is that they were made from Greek manuscripts which no longer survive, and may provide some of the first evidence for particular readings.' 

Professor Houghton continued: 'The find is important for Christians as the evidence from this document will be incorporated in editions of the Greek New Testament and used by editors to reconstruct the earliest form of the text. 

'Given how few manuscripts survive from the first centuries, all pieces are welcome in reconstructing the jigsaw puzzle of the history of the text.' 

Meanwhile, Dr Peter Williams from Cambridge's Faculty of Divinity said: 'It’s an exciting discovery. The team that did this are top of their game.' 

The new text was discovered by Grigory Kessel from the Austrian Academy of Sciences, who has not yet revealed a complete translation written in ancient Syriac but shared some details. 

In the Greek version of Matthew chapter 12, verse one reads: 'At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath and his disciples became hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat.

The more detailed Syriac translation reads, '[...] began to pick the heads of grain, rub them in their hands, and eat them.'

Austrian Academy of Sciences scientists found the manuscript in the Vatican Library (pictured). The document was written on parchment that was reused three times. This was a common practice because paper made from animal skin was scarce 

The initial text was written around the third century but was erased by a scribe – a person employed before printing was invented to make copies of documents – in Palestine.

This was a common practice because the paper made from animal skin was scarce and needed to be reused. 

Writing over scraped-off text creates palimpsests – manuscripts with multiple layers of writing.

• Hebrew Bible created 1,100 years ago could auction for $50M - READ MORE

Its writing style suggests its creator was an early 10th-Century scribe in Egypt or the Levant

UV light has become popular among scientists who hope to uncover secret documents, as the hidden text absorbs the light and glows blue.

It can capture hidden text because parchment soaks in ink. And no matter how often it is reused, the original writings are still imprinted on the paper.

'The Gospel text is hidden in the sense that the early 6th-Century parchment copy of the Gospels Book was reused twice and today on the same page one can find three layers of writing (Syriac - Greek - Georgian),' Grigory Kessel from the Austrian Academy of Sciences, who made the discovery, told MailOnline.

The Old Syriac translation of the scriptures was called 'Peshitta' and became the official translation used by the Syriac Church in the fifth century.

Kessel and his colleagues said the parchment was first reused for the Apophthegmata patrum in Greek, translated to 'Sayings of the Desert Fathers' – a title that refers to early Christian hermits who practiced asceticism in the Egyptian desert.

They did so around the 3rd century and eventually formed the basis of Christian monasticism.

The Apophthegmata patrum is a collection of more than 1,000 of their stories and sayings and dates to the late fifth and early sixth centuries.

The hidden Bible chapter was a palimpsest uncovered by Grigory Kessel from the Austrian Academy of Sciences (pictured)

The next time the page was erased and reused was to copy the Iadgari of Mikael Modrekili, a Georgian manuscript of the 10th Century that included a collection of hymns.

The Syriac translation was written at least a century before the oldest Greek manuscripts that have survived, including the Codex Sinaiticus – the 4th-Century Christian manuscript of the Greek Bible.

Dr Nic Baker-Brian at Cardiff University's School of History, Archaeology and Religion called the new text a 'remarkable discovery' and said its significance lies in a small number of variants. 

'The example cited already - Mt. 12.1-2 - of the disciples "rubbing the ears of corn in their hands" is not attested in the Greek manuscripts for Matthew,' he told MailOnline.

'The presence of variant readings in the manuscript highlights the diverse nature of early Christianity and reinforces an emerging consensus that ancient Christianity was not fixed and monolithic, rather different versions of stories about Jesus were circulating in the early Church. 

'Its existence should remind modern Christians about the diverse history and nature of their religion.' 

The findings are published in the journal New Testament Studies.  

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

14-04-2023 om 18:00 geschreven door peter  

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

14-04-2023 om 17:38 geschreven door peter  

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

14-04-2023 om 17:27 geschreven door peter  

UFO Found Hidden In NASA Photo on Ryugu Asteroid, UFO Sighting News

Source photo: 

• http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/small-bodies/mascot-landing-site-terrain.html

The UFO is between two tall canyon walls, hidden there for a long time, since we can clearly see two areas on each side where landslides took place on the front top of the UFO. The UFO really stands out and is easy to make out since its hull is made of an entirely different material than the asteroid. The metal hull of the ship looks like its a very powerful material to withstand the debris and the sharpness of the surface of the astroid. I don't think it landed here for fun or research, it looks like it crashed landed. Its tilted to once side and stuck in a crevice. So yeah, defiantly crash landed, so if the aliens were not rescued, either they are still there after thousands of years if their ship can provide enough life-support, or they died and are entombed within. But if this technology was recovered, it would give humanity a thousand years jump in technology overnight. We would be able to build cities on any planet, any moon in our solar system and beyond. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

  

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

14-04-2023 om 16:25 geschreven door peter  

UFO Seen Over Jakarta, Indonesia On April 13, 2023, UFO Sighting News. Video

 

Date of sighting: April 13, 2023

Location of sighting: Jakarta, Indonesia, USA

Source: MUFON

 

Some viewers are calling this UFO a tictac, which is shaped like the candy. Very true, many UFOs do have a tictac appearance, even disks seen from the side appear as this tictac shape. The eyewitness seemed to be confused at that he was looking at saying...is it a jet, nah, at one point in the video. Whatever it is it has no wings, no tail, no contrail, no windows or lights. This seems like a UFO trying to disguise as a plane, make itself fit in that way, yet its doesn't fit in at all. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

14-04-2023 om 16:19 geschreven door peter  

UFO Sightings Take Center Stage: US Senate Committee Schedules Open Hearing Next Week

The US Senate Committee on Armed Services has announced an open hearing on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) scheduled for April 19. This groundbreaking event, confirmed by press secretary Cole Stevens, aims to address the growing concerns surrounding the increasing number of UAP incidents and to push for greater transparency and funding for UAP investigations.

Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, head of the All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), will be speaking at the hearing, which will be conducted by the Emerging Threats and Capabilities subcommittee. This announcement comes after Democrat Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, chair of AARO, publicly criticized the Department of Defense for not providing funds for the AARO for the second consecutive year.

Gillibrand stated that “the lack of full funding for AARO is a significant concern. We need to ensure that our government is taking the UAP issue seriously and dedicating the necessary resources to improve our understanding and response capabilities.” She has been pushing for more funding for the AARO and greater openness from the Department of Defense regarding UAP incidents.

• UFO sightings surpass 500 in declassified UAP report | USA TODAY

In recent years, the Pentagon has taken steps to investigate military sightings of UFOs, resulting in the release of hundreds of classified reports, suggesting that Earth may not be the only planet with intelligent life. In May 2022, two top Pentagon officials, Ronald Moultrie and Scott Bray, appeared before the US House of Representatives’ intelligence subcommittee and showcased declassified UFO videos. They revealed that reports of UFOs have been frequent and on the rise for more than a decade, with some sightings remaining unexplained.

Despite these revelations, the US Navy announced last year that it would not release any more unseen UFO videos to the public, as doing so would harm national security. Gregory Cason, deputy director of the Navy’s FOIA office, explained that releasing this information could provide adversaries with valuable intel regarding Department of Defense and Navy operations, vulnerabilities, and capabilities.

The upcoming open hearing on UAPs signifies a crucial turning point for lawmakers and officials, providing an opportunity to discuss the importance of funding the AARO and addressing the growing concerns about UAPs over US airspace. As the issue gains traction in both government and public spheres, the hearing may shed light on the challenges and potential solutions surrounding this enigmatic phenomenon.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

14-04-2023 om 16:12 geschreven door peter  

Scientists reveal the first EVER full resolution photo of a supermassive black hole: Incredible image shows M87 is like a 'skinny donut' - and could help to explain how the stellar phenomenon 'eats' matter

• The black hole M87 sits at the heart of the Messier 87 galaxy, which is around 55million light-years from Earth
• In 2019 the 'fuzzy, orange donut' became the first black hole to be directly imaged by astronomers 
• Now, scientists have released a full-resolution photo of the black hole, showing it is more of a 'skinny donut' 

By SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

It is a thing of mesmerising beauty: humanity's first glimpse at the only full-resolution photo of a supermassive black hole ever produced.

This 'orange donut', as it has been dubbed, sits at the heart of the Messier 87 galaxy 55 million light-years from Earth and in 2019 became the first black hole to be directly imaged by astronomers.

Now, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning, it has received its first official makeover — and the results reveal that rather than being a 'fuzzy donut', it is actually more of a 'skinny donut'. 

Scientists say this new perspective of the supermassive black hole will 'play a critical role in our ability to understand its behaviour' and could help explain how the stellar phenomenon 'eats' matter.

They called it a 'golden opportunity' to learn more about black hole physics.

Striking: The first-ever full resolution photo of a supermassive black hole has been revealed by astronomers

The machine learning algorithm could also allow scientists to better study Sagittarius A* — the black hole at the centre of our own Milky Way galaxy.

Researchers said their full-resolution image of the M87 black hole had revealed a central region that is larger and darker than first thought, surrounded by a bright accreting gas shaped like a 'skinny donut'.

The width of the ring in the image was also found to be much smaller than previously believed.

Researchers produced the photo with the help of data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).

In 2017, the EHT used a network of seven pre-existing telescopes around the world to gather data on M87, effectively creating an 'Earth-sized telescope'.

However, because it is simply not possible to cover the Earth's entire surface with telescopes, gaps arise in the data — much like missing pieces in a jigsaw puzzle.

That is where their new AI trick comes into its own.

'With our new machine learning technique, PRIMO, we were able to achieve the maximum resolution of the current array,' said lead author Lia Medeiros, of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.

'Since we cannot study black holes up-close, the detail of an image plays a critical role in our ability to understand its behaviour. 

'The width of the ring in the image is now smaller by about a factor of two, which will be a powerful constraint for our theoretical models and tests of gravity.'

The M87 black hole is estimated to be about 6.5billion times the mass of our sun and spewing out intense jets of energy.

These bright jets, which emerge from M87's core and extend at least 5,000 light-years from its centre, are one of the galaxy's most mysterious and energetic features.  

Comparison: In 2019, the M87 black hole was the first to be directly imaged by astronomers

Old data: These models and observations reveal what scientists originally saw four years ago 

If you were to visit M87, you'd see light produced by matter in its death throes as it crosses over the event horizon, radiating light in all directions. 

HOW THE EVENT HORIZON TELESCOPE WORKS 

The team behind the Event Horizon Telescope has spent the last few years probing black holes like the one at the heart of M87.

These observations rely on a network of widely spaced radio antennae situated all over the world - including at the South Pole, in Hawaii, Europe and America.

These radios mimics the aperture of a telescope that can produce the resolution needed to capture a supermassive black hole. 

At each of the radio stations there are large hard drives which store the data.

These hard drives are then processed at the MIT Haystack Observatory just outside Boston, Massachusetts.

The effort is essentially working to capture a silhouette of a black hole, also commonly referred to as the black hole's shadow.

Not all of it reaches an observer - some falls in and some goes into orbit around the black hole and appears as a series of rings surrounding the black hole, astronomers say.  

Experts have relied on different models of how matter behaves near the black hole to better understand this process. 

But they still don't know exactly how jets larger than the galaxy are launched from its central region, which is comparable in size to our solar system, nor how matter is 'eaten' or falls into the black hole.

On April 10, 2019, scientists released the first-ever image of the black hole, revealing a bright ring-like structure with a dark central region which was the black hole's shadow, matching what was predicted.

Since then, the EHT team has delved deeper into the data collected that was used to reveal the first image.

PRIMO, which stands for principal-component interferometric modelling, relies on dictionary learning — a technique that enables computers to generate rules based on large sets of training material.

For example, if a computer is shown a number of different images of bananas, once it has received enough training it will ultimately be able to determine if future pictures are of the fruit or not.

This type of machine learning has previously been used to create Renaissance-style works of art, or even completing some of Beethoven's unfinished work.

'PRIMO is a new approach to the difficult task of constructing images from EHT observations,' said Lauer. 

'It provides a way to compensate for the missing information about the object being observed, which is required to generate the image that would have been seen using a single gigantic radio telescope the size of the Earth.' 

The M87 black hole is estimated to be about 6.5billion times the mass of our Sun and spewing intense jets of energy. These jets, which emerge from M87's core and extend at least 5,000 light-years from its centre, are one of the galaxy's most mysterious and energetic features

How did scientists first capture an image of a black hole? As explained in the graphic, the method relies on observing the material that swirls around the edges before falling into the black hole itself. This heats up to extreme temperatures, causing it to emit bright light that appears as a ring around the black hole

With PRIMO, computers analysed more than 30,000 images of black holes accreting gas.

These simulations provided a wide range of examples for how the black hole M87 might possibly accrete matter, leaving PRIMO to look for common patterns to cross-reference with data from EHT observations. 

This resulted in the newly rendered full resolution image, which builds on the detail revealed in the 2019 picture. 

Scientists hope it will in turn lead to more accurate determinations of the mass of the M87 black hole, while also allowing them to develop a better understanding of its event horizon.

'We are using physics to fill in regions of missing data in a way that has never been done before by using machine learning,' said Medeiros. 

This chart shows the position of giant galaxy Messier 87 in the constellation of Virgo (The Virgin). The map shows most of the stars visible to the unaided eye under good conditions

Messier 87 (M87) is an enormous elliptical galaxy located about 55 million light-years from Earth, visible in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1781, but not identified as a galaxy until the 20th Century

'The 2019 image was just the beginning. 

'If a picture is worth a thousand words, the data underlying that image have many more stories to tell. PRIMO will continue to be a critical tool in extracting such insights.'

Psaltis added: 'Approximately four years after the first horizon-scale image of a black hole was unveiled by EHT in 2019, we have marked another milestone, producing an image that utilises the full resolution of the array for the first time. 

'The new machine learning techniques that we have developed provide a golden opportunity for our collective work to understand black hole physics.'

The new image has been published in an article in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE GALAXY MESSIER 87?

The elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M87) is the home of several trillion stars, a supermassive black hole and a family of roughly 15,000 globular star clusters. 

For comparison, our Milky Way galaxy contains only a few hundred billion stars and about 150 globular clusters. 

The monstrous M87 is the dominant member of the neighbouring Virgo cluster of galaxies, which contains some 2,000 galaxies. 

Discovered in 1781 by Charles Messier, this galaxy is located 54 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Virgo. 

It can be easily observed using a small telescope, with the most spectacular views available in May. 

The elliptical galaxy Messier 87 (M87) is the home of several trillion stars, a supermassive black hole and a family of roughly 15,000 globular star clusters. This Hubble image is a composite of individual observations in visible and infrared light

M87's most striking features are the blue jet near the centre and the myriad of star-like globular clusters scattered throughout the image.

The jet is a black-hole-powered stream of material that is being ejected from M87’s core.

As gaseous material from the centre of the galaxy accretes onto the black hole, the energy released produces a stream of subatomic particles that are accelerated to velocities near the speed of light.

At the centre of the Virgo cluster, M87 may have accumulated some of its many globular clusters by gravitationally pulling them from nearby dwarf galaxies that seem to be devoid of such clusters today.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

14-04-2023 om 01:51 geschreven door peter  

Unknown space structure larger than the Milky Way is discovered

Astronomers have uncovered fresh facts about one of the universe’s oddest structures. Odd enough to be called “Radio Circles” (ORC)

These enormous occurrences are unexplained and may have a million light-year diameters.

Five ORCs have been found, with six more potential. Scientists can’t describe these unfathomable monsters to humans.

A March 20 report gives new light on the first phenomenon. The South African MeerKAT radio telescope caught the amazing photos of ORC1 (ORC J2103-6200). Never before has an ORC been this detailed. Alice Pasetto, a radio astronomer at Mexico’s National Autonomous University, told Nature that “this discovery will start new scientific research among astronomers.”

Mysterious

According to radio astronomer Bärbel Koribalski of the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Sydney, it resembles a Fabergé egg or a soap bubble. The outer circle measures more than a million light-years in diameter, ten times the Milky Way’s diameter.

ORCs are new astronomical objects. Astronomer Anna Kapinska identified them three years ago using Australian radio telescopes. Initially, scientists thought they were instrument calibration problems. We know they’re real, but we don’t know how they were made. Edge-brightening circles are a mystery. We know they can only be viewed in the radio spectrum and that three out of five have a core that corresponds with a visible galaxy.

The Universe Calls

This new study offers three explanations. First, it’s the leftovers of an impossibly massive explosion in galaxy centers. We can only hypothesize about the cause of this explosion, which may be the merger of two supermassive black holes.

The second hypothesis is a shock wave from the creation of millions of stars, and the third is jets that shoot out very energetic particles in galaxies.

ORCs are rings of feeble emissions that surround a galaxy with a very active black hole at its center, but astronomers can’t explain why they’re so rare.

Study’s ORC1 readings It’s amazing that we only discovered these weird buildings three years ago. Astronomers believe they created about a billion years ago, but the fact that we’re continuously discovering things shows how much we still have to learn.

Socrates was right: we know nothing. The universe’s mysteries keep surfacing. In the coming years, research must focus on the cosmos and the origin of humans.

The big adventure drives our thirst for exploration, our species’ life, and our civilization. Without it, we’re doomed.

{ https://blog.thespaceacademy.org/ }

14-04-2023 om 01:29 geschreven door peter  

25 of the strangest ancient sea monsters - PART II

The fossil record is filled with strange marine animals that would look like sea monsters if they were alive today.

From the creepiest Cambrian critters to massive marine reptiles, wonderfully weird sea creatures have inhabited our oceans for over half a billion years. We've put together a list of 25 of the strangest ancient sea monsters ever to have lived, all of which went extinct long before humans came along.

The only reason we know that these evolutionary marvels existed is because some left behind fossilized remains in rocks. Modern researchers are still interpreting these fossils and making fresh discoveries all the time, so be sure to keep up with the latest Live Science fossil news.

{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

14-04-2023 om 00:22 geschreven door peter  

25 of the strangest ancient sea monsters - PART I

13-04-2023 om 23:55 geschreven door peter  

NATHAN FALDE

Submerged Secrets: Sunken Nabatean Temple Discovered Off Italian Coast

Underwater archaeologists searching just off the western Mediterranean coast of the city of Pozzuoli in central Italy discovered the remains of a submerged 2,000-year-old Nabatean temple dedicated to their god Dushara. What they found specifically were two Roman marble altars, which linked the temple to the period when Nabataeans were living freely on the Phlegrean Peninsula 125 miles (200 km) south of Italy’s capital city, in territory fully controlled by the Roman Empire. 

The Nabataeans were an Arab tribal group who lived as wandering nomads in the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula in the first few centuries of the first millennium. But once they’d formed enough alliances among themselves to establish their own kingdom, they began to settle down and devote themselves to trade and commerce.

The Nabataean Kingdom formed a voluntary alliance with Rome in the late first century BC, officially launching an association that would last for the next several centuries (although the Nabataeans lost their independence to the Roman Empire in the early second century).

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It is known that a thriving community of Nabataeans could be found in the now submerged ancient city of Puteoli, which was located adjacent to modern-day Pozzuoli. During Rome’s Imperial era the Nabataean Kingdom chose to establish a base of operations on the Italian coast, and Puteoli was most attractive to these trade-minded people because it was the largest commercial port in the Roman Mediterranean.

The discovery of the religious complex in the sunken ruins of old Puteoli helps verify that the Nabataeans continued to honor their god Dushara once they’d settled on Roman territory, at least for a time.

The ancient Macellum or market building of the Roman city of Puteoli, where a Nabatean temple has been discovered under the sea.

( Maurizio De Mattei / Adobe Stock)

The Origins and History of the Nabataeans

The Nabataeans first emerged as an identifiable people with an advanced culture between the fourth and second centuries BC. They’d lived in the desert areas of Arabia and the southern Levant for several centuries before this, surviving as an untamed nomadic group that somehow thrived in an impossibly arid environment.

They were known to, and had interactions with, both the Babylonians and the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the first millennium BC. But they were not conquered by either of these kingdoms, protected as they were by an inhospitable desert where others feared to tread.

As they began to increase in population in the third century BC, they formed a loose confederation of various groups that ultimately became the Nabataean Kingdom . This kingdom, which grew prosperous through the vigorous trade networks it created and nurtured in the region, eventually extended its range of control and influence throughout the Arabian and Sinai Peninsulas and deeply into the Levant. Its capital Petra was located in what is now southern Jordan, and that city’s population grew to over 20,000 as a consequence of its development into a major regional trading center.

The Nabataeans were known for their fierceness and determination to remain independent, and they proved to be a tough opponent to defeat in battle. While they initially clashed with the Romans, by the first century AD they’d formed a strong alliance with the Roman Empire, which boosted their commercial prospects and made them more prosperous than ever.

Unfortunately, the Romans proved to be a treacherous ally in the long run. In 106 AD the Roman emperor Trajan sent his armies in to annex all Nabataean Kingdom lands, which he was able to do because the Nabataeans had become less warlike and nomadic, and more settled and focused on agricultural and commercial development, over the past three centuries.

Statue of Dushara, who the Nabateans worshiped.

Credit: Wikipedia - Public Domain

For the first time in 1,000 years, the Nabataean people were no longer independent. Their cultural practices were profoundly impacted by Roman influence from that point on, so much so that they first abandoned their language in favor of Greek, and later rejected Dushara completely when they converted to Christianity.

The Nabateans gained a reputation as a gifted and talented people, with a rich culture and the skills necessary to produce a bounty of attractive goods for trading. Their painted ceramic pottery was especially prized, and was distributed all throughout the region along the trade routes they’d set up. Even after their lands had been seized by Trajan and their kingdom had been turned into the Roman province of Arabia Petraea , the Nabateans continued to dominate trade in the region.

Remains of the Nabatean temple which was discovered underwater in ancient Puteoli.

( The Ministry of Culture of Italy )

Puteoli’s Nabatean Temple: A Legacy Discovered Beneath the Sea

The discovery of the Roman marble altars represents the culmination of a joint archaeological research project that began in late 2021. Underwater archaeologists from two universities in Naples (the University of Campania Vanvitelli and Scuola Superiore Meridionale), supported by the Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the Metropolitan Area of Naples, have now been searching for artifacts from Roman times in the sunken city of Puteoli ever since.

The latest discovery represents their most exciting find yet. “Ancient Puteoli reveals another of its treasures, which testifies to the richness and vastness of commercial, cultural and religious exchanges in the Mediterranean basin in the ancient world,” declared Italy’s Minister of Culture Gennaro Sangiuliano, in an announcement of the discovery of the Nabataean temple put out by his agency. 

This is not the first evidence of the Nabataean presence in Puteoli that has been found. In the 18th century, searchers found an altar and two cult bases while exploring the underwater ruins of the submerged city.

On the bases they found an inscription that identified the site as “Holy to Dushara.” This deity was exclusively worshipped by the Nabataeans, which revealed the truth about their presence in the ancient Roman port city. Further confirmation of Nabataean residency was discovered at around the same time, when archaeologists unearthed a large bust of Dushara near Pozzuoli.

READ ALSO

Underwater ruins believed to have belonged to a Nabataean temple were initially spotted in aerial photographs taken in the 1970s. But only with this new discovery has it been possible to place the temple at a precise location in the sunken city, showing where exactly people congregated to worship a god that no other people recognized.

In addition to pinning down the true location of the underwater Nabataean temple, the latest explorations have also enabled the identification of other structures dating to Roman times. This includes warehouses, administrative buildings, smaller structures that served unknown purposes and the axes of roads built inside Puteoli. Conceivably, more Nabataean ruins could be located in the same general area. If they are, future explorations will undoubtedly find them.

• Top image: Underwater archaeologists during excavations of the sunken Nabatean temple.
• Source: The Ministry of Culture of Italy

By Nathan Falde

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

13-04-2023 om 22:47 geschreven door peter  

Astronauts Kate Rubins (left) and Jeff Williams (right) looking out of the ISS' cupola at a SpaceX Dragon supply spacecraft. Until recently, the effects of long-duration missions on eyesight was something of a mystery.

Credit: NASA

{ https://www.universetoday.com }

13-04-2023 om 22:17 geschreven door peter  

The interactive version lets you zoom in and out from the surface of Mars, revealing ancient river channels, volcanic shield mountains, giant impact craters, and endless dusty dune-covered rocky landscapes. You’ll be lost in it for hours, and you can even trace the journey of rovers across the Red Planet’s surface.

The mosaic took six years and tens of thousands of hours to develop. It is so detailed that more than 120 peer-reviewed science papers have already cited a beta version. It was created at Caltech’s Bruce Murray Laboratory for Planetary Visualization, and the developers say the mosaic is also easy enough for anyone to use.

“I wanted something that would be accessible to everyone,” said Jay Dickson, the image processing scientist who led the project and manages the Murray Lab. “Schoolchildren can use this now. My mother, who just turned 78, can use this now. The goal is to lower the barriers for people who are interested in exploring Mars.”

While we’ve written many articles about another camera on MRO, HiRISE (the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) the CTX, or context imager has had a lower profile for the MRO mission. However, it provides a 6 meter per pixel resolution, better than any other previous camera (except for HiRISE) and over the 17 years of MRO’s time in Mars’ orbit, CTX has imaged nearly all of Mars’ surface, allowing science teams to create detailed maps of Mars.

“For 17 years, MRO has been revealing Mars to us as no one had seen it before,” said the mission’s project scientist, Rich Zurek of JPL. “This mosaic is a wonderful new way to explore some of the imagery that we’ve collected.”

While HiRISE imagery provides detailed closeups of Mars, CTX captures wide-area images to provide context for the high resolution images. CTX’s image are in black and white, but with its wide area of coverage, that allows this map to be the highest-resolution global image of the Mars as yet ever created.

JPL said that to create the new mosaic, Dickson developed an algorithm to match images based on the features they captured. He manually stitched together the remaining 13,000 images that the algorithm couldn’t match. The remaining gaps in the mosaic represent parts of Mars that hadn’t been imaged by CTX by the time Dickson started working on this project, or areas obscured by clouds or dust.

Laura Kerber, a Mars scientist at JPL, provided feedback on the new mosaic as it took shape. “I’ve wanted something like this for a long time,” Kerber said. “It’s both a beautiful product of art and also useful for science.”

MRO launched in 2005. Back in 2016 when I interviewed Zurek for my book “Incredible Stories From Space: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Missions Changing Our View of the Cosmos,” he told me the science and data teams from MRO were reaping the benefits of a such a long-duration mission. Now, 17 years in, its even more true.

“There is value in long-term records,” he said, “and MRO has been a good friend to us for a long time.”

• Check out the Global CTX Mosaic of Mars here.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

13-04-2023 om 20:55 geschreven door peter  

Artist's logarithmic scale conception of the observable universe with the Solar System at the center, inner and outer planets, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud, Alpha Centauri, Perseus Arm, Milky Way galaxy, Andromeda galaxy, nearby galaxies, Cosmic Web, Cosmic microwave radiation and the Big Bang's invisible plasma on the edge.

Credit: Wikipedia Commons/Pablo Carlos Budassi

 BY PAUL M. SUTTER

But the early universe may have been exotic enough to make black holes in its own way. When inflation ended and the universe began to cool off, it was not a smooth and gentle process. Instead it was incredibly violent, with massive shifts in energy and mass from place to place. It’s possible that pockets of the universe may have spontaneously reached high enough densities to form black holes directly on their own, without having to go through the formation of stars first. These are the so-called primordial black holes.

Cosmological observations already placed severe limits on the number of primordial black holes that could inhabit the early universe. But there is still room for them to exist. And a team of researchers have put together a paper exploring an unexpected consequence of the formation of these primordial black holes.

We know from the work of Stephen Hawking that black holes are not entirely black. They actually glow a little bit through an exotic quantum process known as Hawking radiation. For normal-sized black holes this is a very inefficient process. A typical black hole will only emit one particle of radiation every year or so. But smaller black holes emit much more radiation.

If the primordial black holes were small enough, then they would evaporate completely while the universe was still in its infant stages, leaving no trace of their existence behind. But the researchers found that this leads to a curious situation. As these primordial black holes evaporated they released their own floods of radiation and matter.

Despite the expansion of the universe, if enough primordial black holes evaporated then the density of matter and radiation could stay constant. This would lead to a an extended black hole-based big bang scenario. 

Eventually all the primordial black holes would go away and the rest of cosmological history would go on without them. But they would leave their mark. The changes in matter and radiation density can potentially have long-lasting impacts that we could detect even to the present day. And the evaporation of primordial black holes themselves trigger the formation of gravitational waves, which might linger still today.

We may not ever find direct evidence for primordial black holes, but the researchers have found that we may find their subtle fingerprints throughout the universe.

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{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

13-04-2023 om 20:43 geschreven door peter  

The Unending Enigma: A Closer Look at Recent UFO Sightings

The topic of UFO sightings has captivated the imagination of people worldwide for decades. Recently, with the growing availability of technology and the internet, sightings and experiences have been shared more frequently and openly than ever before. As a result, the discussion surrounding the existence of unidentified flying objects and the possibility of extraterrestrial life has gained significant momentum.

One particularly intriguing case involves an individual in Australia who captured a UFO on video. According to the source, this individual had multiple encounters with the unknown phenomenon, with each sighting varying in the type of object observed. The video in question appears to show a clear and compelling image of what could be a spacecraft. These experiences have had a profound impact on the individual’s life, with negative events such as car breakdowns, phone hacking, and being followed by suspicious vehicles occurring since the sightings.

This case is not an isolated incident, as numerous individuals have reported similar sightings and experiences around the world. Experts in the field, such as Ted Roe, the co-founder of NARCAP, have been investigating these encounters and working to raise awareness of the potential existence of non-human intelligence. Roe, who has had multiple encounters with UFOs himself, emphasizes the importance of remaining open-minded and considering the possibility of other forms of intelligence that may be far beyond our current level of understanding.

• UFO & UAP sightings from around the world | ALIENS THREATEN GLOBAL INVASION

As these reports of UFO sightings continue to surface, collaboration between researchers and reporting groups is essential. By working together, experts can compare data, investigate sightings from various angles, and potentially reach a better understanding of these enigmatic phenomena. An ideal outcome would involve coordination between European and U.S. reporting groups, as well as fostering communication between countries and the United Nations to contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding this important issue.

The question of whether we are alone in the universe remains unanswered, but the increasing number of UFO sightings and personal accounts of encounters with unknown phenomena suggests that this enigma is far from being solved. As researchers continue to investigate and debate these sightings, one thing is certain: the interest in UFOs and the possibility of extraterrestrial life is not waning anytime soon.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

13-04-2023 om 17:26 geschreven door peter  

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 13-04-2023

THEY'RE WATCHING... w/ Investigative Journalist Leslie Kean

Bryan chats with one of the foremost journalists on UFOs Leslie Kean, about what our government knows, mass sightings, what can travel at 13,000 MPH and what's inside of Area 51.

Watch Leslie's new show here - https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv...

Dr. Steven Greer - Mystery Behind UFO / UAPs, Alien Phenomenon, and The Secret Government | SRS #048

Steven M. Greer, MD, a retired emergency room Physician turned to a life of research of UFO/UAP Phenomenons, is the Founder of The Disclosure Project, The Center for the Study of Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CSETI), The Orion Project, Sirius Technology Advanced Research, LLC and is considered one of the world’s foremost authorities on all things UFO / UAP.

In this episode, Dr. Greer lays out exactly how nearly a century of information and discovery of Extraterrestrial life and technology have been hidden from the public and shrouded under a veil of dark money and secrecy. Greer explains the inner-workings of a global government that goes beyond the world's most elite intelligence agencies and infiltrated the circles of pop culture icons like Marilyn Monroe and JFK.

Viruses from Mars, Asteroid Landing, Stars Colliding | Q&A 219

What are the risks of returning samples from Mars? What happens if you bring two stars together? Which galaxies can be seen with the naked eye? What is the system behind naming stars and exoplanets? All this and more in this week's Q&A!

00:00 Start

01:19 [Tatooine] Can we bring viruses from Mars?

07:42 [Coruscant] What is the maximum size limit for black holes?

12:03 [Hoth] What happens when two stars come together?

15:26 [Naboo] What to expect from Artemis 2?

17:32 [Kamino] What are my thoughts on Artemis 2 crew?

20:57 [Bespin] How are stars and planets named?

23:43 [Mustafar] Which galaxies can be seen with a naked eye?

25:53 [Alderaan] What it feels like standing on an asteroid being destroyed?

28:38 [Dagobah] Will NASA land on an asteroid?

30:58 [Yavin] How cold is it in space?

33:25 [Mandalore] Can we bring our sun to another star?

37:03 [Geonosis] Lunar probe flying with springs?

Not of This Earth: Were There Unidentified Orbiting Objects in 1950? With Beatriz Villarroel

There were nine transient objects orbiting Earth in 1950, seven years before the first ever satellite. Beatrriz Villarroel joins John Michael Godier to discuss this mystery.

Do We Share Earth With Someone Else? With Garry Nolan

Garry Nolan is a professor in the Department of Pathology at Stanford University School of Medicine. His areas of research include hematopoiesis, cancer and leukemia, autoimmunity and inflammation. Most recently he has studied meta materials and cases related to ufo encounters.

The Big UFO Stories of 2022, and Looking Ahead at 2023 With RYAN SPRAGUE | TALKING STRANGE

2022 was a big year in the world of UFO / UAP, and 2023 is already shaping up to be even bigger, and author/host Ryan Sprague of “Somewhere in the Skies” is ready to discuss the “Year of Science” of phenomena.
From a Congressional open hearing on phenomena, to the establishment of two investigation bodies from the Department of Defense as well as NASA, and a defense authorization act to examine UFO cases going back to 1945, 2022 was huge. But already, 2023 is has included a U.S. representative claiming there is a UFO cover-up, footage emerging of a metallic sphere in Iraq, and new information about the “Roswell before Roswell” case from 1945.

Ryan Sprague joins host Aaron Sagers (28 Days Haunted, Paranormal Caught on Camera) for a new episode of the paranormal pop culture show Talking Strange to discuss it all.

Ryan Sprague is a regular on Ancient Aliens (History Channel) and Beyond the Unknown (Travel Channel). He is also a lead investigator and co-host of Mysteries Decoded (CW Network). He is the author of Somewhere in the Skies: A Human Approach to the UFO Phenomenon , which was recently implemented into required reading for college courses at Webster University and Mercyhurst University. The book also hit #1 on the Best-Seller’s list on Amazon in 2021. He is the creator and host of the Somewhere in the Skies podcast which hit #1 on Apple Podcasts in 2019. Sprague’s research finds him interviewing witnesses, scientists, military personnel, and intelligence officials directly on UFOs, writing for defense and science news site, The Debrief. Speaking on UFOs, he has been featured on ABC News, Fox News, and 7News Australia. He has consulted for Amblin Entertainment and has been featured in Newsweek, The NY Post, and VICE.

Tracking UFOs over North America with Harvard's Amir Siraj

Tracking the recently shot down UFO backwards to possible points of origin with Amir Siraj.

Jeremy Corbell Debunks Media LIES On UFO Shootdowns | Breaking Points

Krystal and Saagar welcome Jeremy Corbell to the show to break down all the chaos over the last few days with UFO's in American airspace.

Is Our Understanding of Life Wrong? With Dr. Janusz Petkowski

Our understanding of how life starts is incomplete. Could solvents other than water lead to life? Janusz Petkowski joins John Michael Godier to discuss why life could exist on planets like Venus or moons like Titan.

Ancient Aliens: TOP 10 ALIEN ENCOUNTERS OF 2022

Check out these groundbreaking extraterrestrial moments from 2022, in this Ancient Aliens compilation.

Brian Cox - Alien Life & The Dark Forest Hypothesis

The renowned physicist and science communicator, Brian Cox delves into the topic of alien life and in particular, the question about intelligent alien civilization.
With his trademark enthusiasm and engaging style, Brian Cox explores the possibility of extraterrestrial life and why we haven't found any.

The video starts with a brief overview of what Brian Cox & astronomers call: "The Great Silence". Cox then goes on to explain the Fermi Paradox and the Dark Forest Hypothesis, which suggest that intelligent life may be intentionally avoiding contact with other civilizations to avoid being destroyed.

Cox uses his expertise in physics and astronomy to explain how alien life may be closer than we think. Like on the surface of the red planet, Mars. He discusses the potential for life to exist in other planets because there are at least 20 billion other earth like planets in our galaxy alone.

Throughout the video, Cox provides easy-to-understand explanations, making complex scientific concepts accessible to a broad audience.

Whether you're a science enthusiast or simply curious about the possibility of life beyond Earth, Brian Cox's insights and knowledge are sure to captivate and inform. Don't miss out on this thought-provoking and entertaining exploration of the universe and our place within it.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

13-04-2023 om 17:15 geschreven door peter