During a recent lecture at the University of Michigan that I gave, I was asked why the arrow of cosmic time is characterized by a transition from simplicity to complexity.

I explained that the universe started simply in the form of a nearly uniform soup of elementary particles. As the Universe expanded and cooled, the denser-than-average regions reversed their expansion and collapsed by their self-gravity to make galaxies in which gas fragmented into stars, dust, and planets. The chemistry of life in liquid water on the surface of our planet, the Earth, gave rise to the most complex systems we know.

Consider the Earth as an example. If our civilization will not be wise enough to preserve itself against existential risks such as a colossal pandemic, global nuclear war, or climate change, then Earth may return to a simpler state without the complexity associated with human technologies.  In fact, this ultimate fate may not even be in our hands. Irrespective of how much we engage in preserving our habitat, we may not be able to counteract the astronomical catastrophe of the Sun boiling off all oceans on Earth within a billion years. Subsequently, the Earth’s surface will be sterilized without the complex chemistry of life as we know it. In addition, all the meticulously designed constructions in our cities will be wiped out like an ant nest after heavy rain.

The return to simplicity would extend beyond Earth to the Universe at large. Observations show that cosmic expansion had been speeding up over the past five billion years. Albert Einstein’s theory of gravity allows for an accelerating Universe if the mass density of the vacuum is bigger than half that of matter, which naturally occurs at late cosmic time as matter gets diluted by the cosmic expansion, but the vacuum remains constant. An unchanging vacuum, which constitutes the so-called “cosmological constant,” naturally produces repulsive gravity that would push galaxies away from each other at an ever-increasing speed. If the cosmic mass budget is indeed dominated by a vacuum mass density that will remain constant as the Universe ages by another factor of ten, then all galaxies outside our immediate vicinity will be pushed out of our horizon by the accelerated expansion of space.

In a paper published two decades ago, titled “The Long-Term Future of Extragalactic Astronomy,” I showed that, in fact, all galaxies beyond a redshift of z=1.8 are already outside our horizon right now. The light we will ever receive from them was emitted long ago and does not represent their current state. Any signals sent from now out of those galaxies will be lost in space and never reach us. We will never be able to have a conversation with any sentient beings in the farthest galaxies at z>10 that were imaged recently by the Webb telescope and presented by NASA to President Biden at a White House celebration on July 11, 2022,

Within a finite time, the accelerated expansion of space moves any distant galaxy away from us at a speed that exceeds the speed of light. Even light, representing the fastest speed by which material particles can propagate, is ultimately unable to bridge the inflating gap between distant galaxies and us by the accelerated cosmic expansion.

The situation is similar to observing a friend cross the event horizon of a black hole. From a distance, we would see the image of our adventurous friend heading towards the black hole, getting fainter, and eventually freezing at some final snapshot, as that friend appears to be hovering just above the horizon. The frozen image will be the snapshot of the instant when the friend crossed the horizon. Beyond that point in time, no information can be retrieved about the whereabouts of the friend. Similarly, the image of each distant galaxy will eventually freeze at some finite time in its own frame, and we can collect a limited amount of information from it. In particular, we will never be able to study the evolution of a distant galaxy beyond some finite age in its own frame of reference. The more distant a galaxy is, the earlier its image will freeze, and the less information will be available to us about the way it ages.

Of course, bound systems which are held together by a force stronger than the repulsive force of the cosmological constant, do not participate in the cosmic expansion. This includes electrons bound to atoms by the electromagnetic force, planets bound to stars, as well as galaxies bound together by a stronger gravitational pull than the cosmic repulsion. Which galaxies will remain bound to the Milky Way and not fly away? In a paper I wrote with my former postdoc, Ken Nagamine, we simulated the future evolution of all distant galaxies on a computer. Our simulation indicated that all galaxies outside the local group of galaxies, namely beyond 3 million light years, are not bound to the Milky Way and will be pushed out of our view by cosmic expansion.

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{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

29-11-2023 om 22:17 geschreven door peter  

A long-duration aerial mission soon to be carried out by NASA over Antarctica will launch stadium-sized craft in support of a series of record-breaking science missions, the agency announced this week.

The Antarctic Long Duration Balloon (LDB) Campaign, which includes a trio of scientific balloon flights equipped to study a range of different phenomena, will launch at the beginning of December, according to a press release NASA issued on Monday.

The mission will employ a series of massive zero-pressure balloons, which the American space agency says will support five missions in total.

Equipped with open ducts through which gas can escape, thereby eliminating the buildup of pressure within, zero-pressure balloons expand as they accumulate heat from the rising Sun as they are being carried aloft. Conversely, as the Sun sets, heat is lost, which results in a loss of gas, which causes zero-pressure balloons to have a shorter flight duration than other inflatable systems.

However, long-duration missions can be achieved during the polar summer, a period during which the balloons remain in constant sunlight for extended periods.

One of the missions aims to break a previous long-duration balloon flight record of just over 55 days. The balloons will launch from NASA’s facility for balloon launches located close to McMurdo Station, the largest community on Earth’s southernmost continent located on the southern edge of Ross Island, Antarctica.

McMurdo Station

(Credit: Air National Guard)

Andrew Hamilton, acting chief of NASA’s Balloon Program Office (BPO), said the annual launch will carry NASA’s stadium-sized balloons to altitudes where stratospheric wind conditions will “provide a unique and valuable opportunity to fly missions in a near-space environment for days or weeks at a time.”

A primary component of the 2023 launch is NASA’s GUSTO mission, or Galactic/Extragalactic ULDB Spectroscopic Terahertz Observatory, which the agency says will conduct measurements of emissions from cosmic material located between stars known as the interstellar medium.

The space agency says the data GUSTO collects during its time in flight above Antarctica will provide scientists with valuable information about the life cycle of interstellar gas that populates the Milky Way. Other phenomena GUSTO will observe over the course of its mission include star formation and destruction, as well as how gases flow near the center of our galaxy.

GUSTO will be armed with a telescope equipped to detect oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen emission lines.

“This unique combination of data will provide the spectral and spatial resolution information needed for Walker and his team to untangle the complexities of the interstellar medium,” read a portion of a NASA mission brief detailing the mission, “and map out large sections of the plane of our Milky Way galaxy and the nearby galaxy known as the Large Magellanic Cloud.”

While GUSTO is the premier science mission that will be undertaken during this year’s flight, several additional science objectives will be carried out during NASA’s annual Antarctic LDB campaign, including the Anti-Electron Sub-Orbital Payload (AESOP-Lite) mission, which will study cosmic ray electrons and positrons.

Additionally, an engineering test flight called the Long durAtion evalUation solaR hand LAunch (LAURA) mission will employ solar panels to help extend the use and duration of the hand launch platform used at NASA’s Antarctic facility for long-duration flights. The experiment will help remedy problems that arise from hand-launched balloons, the flight time of which is impacted significantly by the power systems contained in their payloads, which are used to power the scientific instruments they carry.

Among the hand-launched missions conducted in December will also be NASA’s Anihala (Antarctic Infrasound Hand Launch) mission, which will be a component of the payload equipped with AESOP-Lite that will measure the subtleties of background sound in Earth’s stratosphere. The experiment will offer a unique opportunity to make such observations over a region of the planet where sound produced by human civilization is minimal.

“The annual Antarctic long-duration balloon campaign is the program’s flagship event for long-duration missions,” Hamilton said in a statement.

“The BPO team is excited to provide support to all our missions this year,” he added.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on Twitter: @MicahHanks.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

29-11-2023 om 22:03 geschreven door peter  

CIA's Secret Unit Conducted UFO Retrieval Missions on 9 Global Crash Sites, Explosive Report Claims

Are we alone in the universe, or is there more to discover?

A secret CIA unit, known as the Office of Global Access (OGA), has retrieved several crashed UFOs worldwide, UK-based Daily Mail reported, based on information from multiple anonymous sources. These insiders claim that at least nine “non-human craft” have been recovered, some damaged from crashes and two remarkably intact, in a secret operation spanning decades.

The OGA, operating under the CIA’s Science and Technology Directorate, reportedly played a pivotal role since 2003 in managing these top-secret missions, the report said. This comes amid growing evidence suggesting the US government may possess advanced, non-human technology.

‘WE ARE NOT ALONE’

David Grusch, a former US intelligence officer, who has testified before Congress, supporting these claims, has reconfirmed it in a recent podcast with Joe Rogan. “The answer is we are not alone. And I know that with 100% certainty. Which as an intel officer you must never say 100%. But all things pointed towards that. Based on the people I talked to like Harry Reid  (ex-Senate Majority Leader) and I use him as an example. But I talked to the highest of the high people you can possibly talk to. If you catch my drift. Unless all of them are lying and covering up something else,” he said.

Back in July, US Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer sponsored a bill advocating disclosure of “recovered technologies of unknown origin and biological evidence of non-human intelligence,” which passed in the Senate. Insiders shed light to Daily Mail on the OGA’s role, describing a system capable of detecting cloaked UFOs. The report states that special military units are allegedly dispatched to salvage wreckage if these crafts land, crash, or are brought down. The OGA specialises in facilitating secretive global access, allowing the military to navigate restricted areas, including those behind enemy lines.

‘NOT UNDER MILITARY CONTROL’

While most OGA operations involve conventional retrieval missions like nuclear weapons or downed satellites, some allegedly involve UFO retrieval. “The actual physical retrieval is by the military. But it’s not kept under military control, because they have to keep too many records. So they start moving it out fairly quickly into private hands,” one source told the UK publication. Documents from 2016 reveal the OGA as one of 56 CIA offices, with its chief and deputy among the agency’s top officials, according to the report. A 2015 CIA chart places OGA within the ‘Science and Technology’ wing. Established in 2003, OGA integrates analysis, technology, and tradecraft for challenging targets globally.

Former OGA deputy director Doug Wolfe, linked to strategic access programs, initiated the office, as per the report. OGA reportedly coordinates with Special Operations Forces and nuclear experts for UFO retrieval. Despite some denial from US agencies like the Nuclear Emergency Support Team (NEST), insiders insist on the involvement of these entities. Private US aerospace contractors purportedly receive wreckage for analysis, shielded from rigorous government audits under trade secret protections.

Notably, the report highlights the compartmentalisation of information, suggesting many involved may not realise they deal with non-human craft. US whistleblower David Grusch drew parallels with the Manhattan Project, where engineers were unaware they worked on the atomic bomb’s components. Harry Reid, former Senate Majority Leader, indicated Lockheed Martin’s involvement in holding potential alien wreckage. While setting up a UFO investigation office in 2008, Reid faced obstacles accessing alleged programs.

In July, the US Senate voted for Schumer’s bill, aiming to create a review board with presidential-level powers for disclosing recovered technologies. If passed in the House of Representatives, it will be added as an amendment to the annual military spending bill for 2024. “The American public has a right to learn about technologies of unknown origins, non-human intelligence, and unexplainable phenomena,” Schumer said in a July press release announcing the amendment.

{ https://www.news18.com/ }

29-11-2023 om 18:43 geschreven door peter  

UK’s top UFO expert gives his verdict on the ‘ten aliens’ found by US government

 Katherine Fidler

The UK’s leading UFO expert says it doesn’t matter whether the US is hiding one alien body or 10 – it would ‘fundamentally change everything’.

Nick Pope, who previously led the Ministry of Defence’s ‘UFO desk’, was responding to claims by whistleblower David Grusch, who alleges the US government has retrieved at least ten extraterrestrial bodies.

Mr Grusch, a former US intelligence officer, first made headlines in June when he said the government was hiding evidence of ‘intact and partially intact’ alien vehicles. His claims, denied by officials, led in part to a congressional hearing on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP, formerly UFOs) in July.

Three witnesses, including Mr Grusch, gave sworn testimony regarding their experiences with UAP, which included people having been ‘harmed’ in order to cover up evidence of aliens on Earth.

{ https://metro.co.uk/} 

29-11-2023 om 18:34 geschreven door peter  

‘Wouldn’t Want To Panic The Population’: Tucker Blasts US Government Over Lack Of Transparency On UFOs

“And then this question, the most pressing of all, has the U.S. government communicated directly with the beings that piloted these craft? Have American officials ever entered into any sort of agreement with them? And if so, what are the terms of that agreement? These are not random questions, they are informed questions. And at this point, Americans have a moral right to know the answers,” Carlson stated. 

Burchett was later brought on by the Twitter host to discuss the lack of transparency from the federal government, with Carlson honing in on why the government would allegedly want to hide information in the first place. The Tennessee representative discussed how power, influence, money, and corruption could be the root of the cause, noting that he believes the slow release of information is “intentional.”

Burchett has notably been outspoken regarding issues surrounding UFO sightings and their possible technological capabilities. The Tennessee lawmaker made some hefty claims over the summer on a podcast about the capabilities that he believes UFOs and aliens have, emphasizing that there are some things “we do not control in our military airspace.”

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{ https://dailycaller.com/ }

29-11-2023 om 18:07 geschreven door peter  

Mars Odyssey Beams Back Magnificent Images of Martian Horizon

In an operation that took mission scientists three months to plan, NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter captured a series of panoramic images that showcases the curving Martian landscape below gauzy layers of clouds and dust.

This image of the Martian horizon was captured by the THEMIS camera on NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter.

Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / ASU.

“If there were astronauts in orbit over Mars, this is the perspective they would have,” said Mars Odyssey project scientist Jonathon Hill, of Arizona State University.

“No Mars spacecraft has ever had this kind of view before.”

“The reason why the view is so uncommon is because of the challenges involved in creating it.”

The images of the Martian horizon were captured by the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) onboard Mars Odyssey.

They were taken from an altitude of about 400 km (250 miles) — the same altitude at which the space station flies above Earth.

The sensitivity of the THEMIS instrument to warmth enables it to map ice, rock, sand, and dust, along with temperature changes, on the planet’s surface.

It can also measure how much water ice or dust is in the atmosphere, but only in a narrow column directly below the spacecraft.

That’s because THEMIS is fixed in place on the orbiter; it usually points straight down.

The Mars Odyssey scientists wanted a more expansive view of the atmosphere.

Seeing where those layers of water-ice clouds and dust are in relation to each other helps them improve models of Mars’ atmosphere.

“I think of it as viewing a cross-section, a slice through the atmosphere,” said Mars Odyssey project scientist Jeffrey Plaut, of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

“There’s a lot of detail you can’t see from above, which is how THEMIS normally makes these measurements.”

Because THEMIS can’t pivot, adjusting the angle of the camera requires adjusting the position of the whole spacecraft.

In this case, the team needed to rotate the orbiter almost 90 degrees while making sure the Sun would still shine on the spacecraft’s solar panels but not on sensitive equipment that could overheat.

The easiest orientation turned out to be one where the orbiter’s antenna pointed away from Earth.

That meant the team was out of communication with Odyssey for several hours until the operation was complete.

To make the most of their effort, the researchers also captured imagery of the Martian moon Phobos.

This marks the seventh time in 22 years that the orbiter has pointed THEMIS at the moon in order to measure temperature variations across its surface.

“We got a different angle and lighting conditions of Phobos than we’re used to. That makes it a unique part of our Phobos dataset,” Dr. Hill said.

“The new imagery provides insight into the composition and physical properties of the moon.”

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{ https://www.sci.news/news/astronomy }

29-11-2023 om 17:48 geschreven door peter  

Earlier this year, Congress passed something called the UAP Disclosure Act of 2023. The law requires to tell the public what it knows about the countless unidentified flying objects that have been spotted in the skies above Earth over the past 3,000 years. 

It's designed to be, and it very well could be a transformative piece of legalization. And it comes at a time when we can say with confidence that the most unlikely sounding theories about UFOs are actually true. 

Yes, these things are real. They're not all weather balloons. They're not experimental aircraft from this or any other country. Whatever they are, they are not of human origin. Nor do they behave according to the laws of known physics. 

And yes, the US government currently has physical evidence that they exist. That means wreckage of the craft as well as the bodies of the beings that flew them. 

Now, the Office of Global Access (OGA), a wing of the Central Intelligence Agency's Science and Technology Directorate, has played a central role since 2003 in orchestrating the collection of what could be alien spacecraft. 

This CIA's secret office has conducted UFO retrieval missions on at least nine crash sites around the world, according to Dailymail. 

The CIA has a 'system in place that can discern UFOs while they're still cloaked' and special military units are sent to salvage the wreckage and then often hands the wreckage or material over to private aerospace/defense contractors (who are working close with the US government) for analysis. 

So the question is, now that the UAP Disclosure Act has passed, when can the rest of us see the information that we paid for and in fact, own? Well, not so fast, it turns out. 

Just when it seemed the UAP Disclosure Act was finally going to lift the veil on decades of secrets, two Republican lawmakers voted against the legislation. The two members happen to be especially powerful this term. They are Congressman Mike Rogers of Alabama, who is the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, and Congressman Mike Turner of Ohio, who is chairman of the House Intel Committee.

Why is this happening and what could be their potential motives? 

{  http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

29-11-2023 om 17:34 geschreven door peter  

Pine Gap, Australia: Unraveling the Mysteries in the Desert

Nestled in the remote heart of Australia’s Red Centre, near the iconic town of Alice Springs, lies a facility as enigmatic as it is crucial: Pine Gap. Officially known as the Joint Defence Facility Pine Gap, this installation, a collaboration between the United States and Australian governments, has long been the subject of intrigue and speculation, particularly in the realm of UFOs and extraterrestrial theories.

The Secretive Heart of Surveillance

Established in 1970, Pine Gap’s primary function revolves around satellite surveillance and signals intelligence. Its labyrinth of radomes and advanced equipment plays a pivotal role in global surveillance, making it one of the most important intelligence facilities worldwide. The facility’s strategic location allows it to monitor a vast portion of the Eastern Hemisphere, a crucial asset during the Cold War and beyond.

A Nexus for Extraterrestrial Theories

The shroud of secrecy enveloping Pine Gap has naturally attracted the attention of UFO enthusiasts and alien conspiracy theorists. Some speculate that the facility’s advanced technology is used not just for terrestrial surveillance but to monitor extraterrestrial activity. Theories range from the facility tracking alien spacecraft to it being a clandestine meeting ground for human and alien collaboration.

These theories are bolstered by the global fascination with UFOs and the undying quest to find extraterrestrial life. Pine Gap’s restricted access and classified operations provide a fertile ground for such speculations, despite the lack of concrete evidence to support these claims.

Between Fact and Fiction

The reality of Pine Gap, however, is grounded more in strategic defense than in science fiction. While the facility undoubtedly houses advanced technology capable of monitoring space, there is no credible evidence linking it to extraterrestrial research or encounters. Much like Area 51 in the United States, Pine Gap’s allure lies in its secretive nature and the human propensity for mystery and the unknown.

The Cultural Impact

Pine Gap has cemented its place in popular culture, inspiring references in films, books, and television shows. These often dramatize the facility’s potential links to UFOs and aliens, further embedding it in the public consciousness as a site of otherworldly intrigue.

Conclusion: A Blend of Reality and Myth

Pine Gap remains an enigmatic presence in the Australian desert, its domes silently keeping watch over the skies. While it continues to be a significant player in global surveillance and intelligence, its association with UFOs and aliens remains a fascinating blend of myth and mystery. This blend keeps Pine Gap firmly in the realm of both strategic importance and popular imagination, a place where the lines between reality and science fiction intriguingly blur.

As the world continues to look up at the stars and wonder, facilities like Pine Gap remind us of the endless possibilities that the universe may hold, and the human quest to explore the unknown, whether it be within our own world or beyond.

VIDEO:

• Restricted Locations On Earth Only Few Have Explored – LifesBiggestQuestions

The information covered in the video also explore several other well-known secretive or classified facilities and areas around the world, each with its own unique history and set of theories or speculations:

1. Jiangsu National Security Education Museum, China: This museum, which is closed to foreign visitors, is dedicated to the history of Chinese intelligence and espionage. It features exhibits of spy gadgets, tools, and stories of espionage involving China, underscoring the importance of these practices in national security.
2. Metro 2, Russia: Allegedly a secret underground metro system in Moscow, said to have been constructed during Stalin’s reign for emergency escape routes and strategic military transport. Its existence has neither been confirmed nor denied by the Russian government.
3. Area 51, USA: A highly classified US Air Force facility in Nevada, long associated with UFO and alien conspiracy theories. Its secretive nature and history of aviation and weapons testing have fueled these theories, though it’s likely focused on military technology.
4. The Greenbrier Bunker, USA: A hidden bunker beneath the Greenbrier Resort in West Virginia, intended as a refuge for the U.S. Congress during a nuclear attack. It was kept secret until 1992 and now serves as a data storage facility and tour site.
5. Mariana Trench: The deepest known point in Earth’s oceans, home to unique species and important for scientific research. It offers insights into the limits of life and deep-sea ecosystems.
6. Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center, USA: A facility in Virginia for U.S. government and military officials in case of a national disaster. It ensures the continuity of government operations and has led to various conspiracy theories about its capabilities.

Each of these locations or phenomena has its own set of mysteries and speculations, often fueled by their secretive or inaccessible nature. While some are grounded in verified facts, others remain the subject of theories and conjecture, lacking solid evidence.

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

29-11-2023 om 16:55 geschreven door peter  

Dit gletsjermeer verbergt een duister geheim

©Shutterstock

Roopkund

Roopkund, ook bekend als Skeleton Lake of Mystery Lake, is een gletsjermeer in India

©Shutterstock

Locatie
Skeleton Lake is een meer dat op een hoogte van ongeveer 5.029 meter boven zeeniveau ligt

©Shutterstock

Sneeuw

Het meer is ongeveer acht maanden per jaar bedekt met sneeuw.

©Shutterstock

Ontdekking
In 1942 deed een Britse boswachter een macabere ontdekking: een bevroren meer vol menselijke botten!

©Shutterstock

Skeletten
Maar het zou nog bizarder worden. Toen het ijs in de zomer smolt, onthulde het meer nog meer skeletten

©Shutterstock

Japanse soldaten
De Britse regering stuurde een team van onderzoekers naar Roopkund. Nog een schok: ze kwamen tot de conclusie dat de botten te oud waren om van Japanse soldaten te zijn.

©Shutterstock

Mysterie
Er ontstonden in die tijd veel theorieën, waaronder een aardverschuiving, een epidemie of zelfs rituele zelfmoord als oorzaak van al die sterfgevallen

©Shutterstock

Expeditie
In 2004 werd een expeditie naar Roopkund georganiseerd met het uitdrukkelijke doel om het mysterie op te lossen

©Shutterstock

Restanten
De plaatselijke weersomstandigheden maakten het mogelijk dat er wat haar, vlees en zelfs kleding van de slachtoffers bewaard bleef.

©Shutterstock

DNA-testen
Uit de overblijfselen werden twee verschillende groepen mensen geïdentificeerd. De ene was een groep nauw verwante individuen, die een familie of een stam geweest konden zijn

©Shutterstock

Wie waren ze?

Er wordt aangenomen dat de botten toebehoorden aan pelgrims die de bergen overstaken met de hulp van lokale gidsen.

©Shutterstock

Hoe kwamen ze om het leven?
De conclusie was dat hagelstenen de doodsoorzaak waren. Een gewelddadige en plotselinge hagelbui zou de groep hebben getroffen en dat blijken ze niet te hebben overleefd.

©Shutterstock

Nanda Devi Raj Jat
De Nanda Devi Raj Jat is een bedevaartsoord en festival gewijd aan de aanbidding van de godin Nanda Devi

©Shutterstock

Nanda Devi Raj Jat
Roopkund ligt op de pelgrimsroute van Nanda Devi Raj Jat.

©Shutterstock

Lokale legende
Volgens de legende nam een koning ooit enkele dansers mee naar Roopkund, maar hevige sneeuwval veranderde ze in skeletten en stenen.

©Shutterstock

Lokale legende
Een ander volksverhaal gaat over de zwangere vrouw van koning Yasodhwal. Tijdens de bevalling stroomde haar placenta naar Roopkund en doodde daar iedereen.

©Shutterstock

Roopkund Trektocht
Dit is een van India's meest populaire trektochten.

©Shutterstock

Route van de trektocht
De tocht kan veeleisend zijn, maar het omringende landschap is absoluut adembenemend.
Volg ons en krijg toegang tot het laatste celebrity en lifestyle nieuws

©Shutterstock

Skeleton Lake bezoeken
Een trektocht van drie tot vier dagen is vereist om bij Skeleton Lake te komen.

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{ http://starsinsider.com/ }

29-11-2023 om 16:33 geschreven door peter  

As events in our world transpire, humans perceive their occurrence as a linear progression for which we have invented concepts of past, present, and future, which summarizes one of the most mysterious concepts in all of physics: time.

We tend to take for granted the idea that time is a common part of our everyday lives. We can tell the time of day, for instance, or we can make time for having a coffee with a friend. Yet, despite our familiarity with it, we still have a hard time explaining what, precisely, time really is.

In his landmark book A Brief History of Time, the late physicist Stephen Hawking asked a fundamental question about human perception of what we call time: how come we can remember the past but not the future? In other words, what gives rise to our perception of a linear progression of time that only goes in one direction?

The notion that there exists a sort of “arrow of time,” as Hawking called it, actually had three components. The first is what Hawking called psychological time, which has to do with human perception of time, and our ability to perceive the present, and recall the past. The second is entropic time, which deals with the universal tendency for states in nature to trend toward disorder (think of an egg falling to the floor, which can very easily break open, but which you or I would have a hard time reassembling). The third component involves cosmological time, which deals with the expansion of the universe in its current inflationary state, which some models hold will reverse again once into a deflationary state, in which events in time as we perceive it might even appear to occur in reverse order.

Now, a new study by a team of physicists could shed new light on the lingering mystery of the arrow of time in a paper which looks at the various ways that cells and particles could be the source for various phenomena that gives rise to the human concept of time.

Relying primarily on Hawking’s notion of entropic time and the trend toward disordered states in systems in nature, the study, conducted by researchers at the CUNY Graduate Center Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences (ITS), examined the ways that the arrow of time arises from microscopic processes occurring on the microscopic scale.

Christopher Lynn, a postdoctoral fellow in the ITS program and lead author of the paper, says that he and his team began with a pair of fundamental questions: would the strength of the arrow of time be measurable within any given system, and would they be able to detect its point of origin on the micro-scale, “where cells and neurons interact, to the whole system?”

According to Lynn, this is precisely what his team succeeded in doing by first examining how the arrow of time could be “decomposed” through a unique process of breaking down observations into various separate portions of a system and studying the interactions that occurred between them.

According to the ITS research team, they were able to observe various separate pieces of the arrow of time within a single moment, which comprised portions that worked either individually, in pairs or triplets, or in far more complex ways with multiple sets of interactions.

In their experimental study, the researchers observed the function of neurons within the retina of a salamander’s eye. Specifically, they referenced earlier studies that looked at what the neuron response was to various kinds of movies that ranged from single objects moving across a screen to complex scenes in nature.

Based on such observations, the team found that the arrow of time seemed to arise from relatively simple interactions occurring between pairs of neurons rather than complex systems involving larger numbers of them. Most intriguing to the researchers had been that their observations appeared to show that the arrow of time was most significant in response to the random motion of objects in nature.

Lynn and his team believe that the significance of this observation points to new questions about the ways that our individual internal perception of the passage of time correlates with events in the world around us, an element that could be of great interest to neuroscience.

Lynn says such observations could also “lead to answers about whether the arrow of time functions differently in brains that are neuroatypical.”

David Schwab, professor of Physics and Biology at the ITS Graduate Center and principal investigator of the study, says that Lynn and his team’s research into the “decomposition of local irreversibility—also known as the arrow of time—is an elegant, general framework that may provide a novel perspective for exploring many high-dimensional, nonequilibrium systems.”

“Our findings provide the first step toward understanding how the arrow of time that we experience in daily life emerges from these more microscopic details,” Lynn said in a statement.

Lynn and the team’s study, “Decomposing the local arrow of time in interacting systems” appeared in Physical Review Letters.

• Micah Hanks is Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on Twitter: @MicahHanks. 

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

28-11-2023 om 21:54 geschreven door peter  

Ten Incredible Underwater Discoveries That Have Captured Our Imagination

Out of all the amazing archaeological discoveries made each and every day around the world, my favorites have got to be those that emerge from the depths of the ocean. I think there is something about the underwater world that captures our imagination – perhaps it is the curiosity and intrigue about what else may lie beneath the surface, or the idea that entire cities may be hidden on the ocean floor, out of sight and out of reach. Fortunately, underwater discoveries are not always out of reach and every year more incredible findings are made thanks to advancing technology in the field of marine archaeology. Here we present ten remarkable marine discoveries that have captured our imagination.    

• Digging the Deep Blue: Challenges and Triumphs in Underwater Archaeology
• The underwater temple garden: a unique fusion of bouyancy and enlightenment

1. Artifacts Retrieved From Site of First Ever Ancient Naval Battle

In November, 2013, archaeologists announced the recovery of a treasure trove of artifacts off the coast of Sicily from the site of the first ancient naval battle ever discovered, including battering rams, helmets, armor and weapons dating back 2,000 years.

 Roman helmet from the Battle of the Egadi Islands. 

(RPM Nautical Foundation)

They are the remnants of the Battle of the Egadi Islands - the last clash from the first Punic War which took place in 241 BC – in which the Romans fought the Carthaginians in a battle that culminated from more than 20 years of warring as the Romans struggled to gain a foothold in the Mediterranean Sea.  While the Carthaginians were much more powerful on the water, the Romans lay in wait trapping the Carthaginians and blocking off their sea route in a sudden attack. Up to 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, killing up to 10,000 men.  The Roman victory set them on the road for Europe-wide domination. The priceless horde of artefacts had lain undisturbed on the seabed at a depth of 100 meters (328.08 ft) for more than two millennia.

2. 2,000-Year-Old Intact Roman Medicinal Pill Found In Submerged Shipping Vessel

In June, 2013, a team of Italian scientists conducted a chemical analysis on some ancient Roman medicinal pills discovered in the Relitto del Pozzino, a 2000-year-old submerged shipping vessel which sank off the coast of Tuscany, revealing what exactly the ancient Romans used as medicine.

A front, profile, and rear view of one of the medicinal tablets.

(PNAS/Giachi et. al.)

The Roman shipwreck lay near the remains of the Etruscan city of Populonia, which at the time the ship foundered was a key port along sea trade routes between the west and east across the Mediterranean Sea. The Relitto del Pozzino was excavated by the Archaeological Superintendence of Tuscany throughout the 1980s and 90s, revealing a variety of fascinating cargo including lamps originating in Asia minor, Syrian-Palestinian glass bowls, bronze jugs, ceramic vessels for carrying wine and, of particular interest, the remains of a medicine chest containing a surgery hook, a mortar, 136 wooden drug vials and several cylindrical tin vessels, one of which contained five circular medicinal tablets. The tin vessels had remained completely sealed, which kept the pills dry, providing an amazing opportunity to find out exactly what substances were contained within them. The results revealed that the pills contain a number of zinc compounds, as well as iron oxide, starch, beeswax, pine resin and other plant-derived materials.  Based on their shape and composition, scientists have suggested that the tablets were used as a type of eye medicine.

3. Incredible Discovery Of Boat Wreck In Croatia Dated To 3,200 Years

In March 2014, marine archaeologist and researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in France, Giulia Boetto, announced the incredible discovery of a boat wreck in Zambratija Cove, Croatia, which was just dated to 1,200 BC.  The unique and rare finding is a Bronze Age sewn boat, a type of wooden boat which is literally sewn together using ropes, roots, or willow branches. 

Wreck of Zambratija, Istria. Observations on the hull.

(© Philippe Groscaux/Mission Adriboats/CNRS)

 The boat measures 7 meters (22.96 ft) in length and 2.5 meters (8.20 ft) in width and is a sewn boat, which was a technique of shipbuilding practiced in the Adriatic until the Roman era. The remains of the boat found in Zambratija Cove are incredibly well-preserved for its age, with stitching still visible in some areas and the frame largely undamaged.  The different types of wood used to construct it have been identified as elm, alder, and fir, and tree ring dating is currently underway, which will provide the date the tree was cut to the nearest year.  Ms. Boetto said that they hope to finalize a 3D model of the boat and, eventually, a complete reconstruction.

4. Elongated Skulls Found In Maya Underwater Cave

In January, 2014, a flooded sinkhole in southern Mexico that terrifies local villagers was explored by underwater archaeologists, who found the submerged cavern littered with elongated skulls and human bones.   The underwater cavern, known as Sac Uayum, is a cenote located in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula.

• Maya Canoe Found in Sinkhole Provides Clues to Belief in Underworld
• Maya City Sunk in Lake Atitlán Explored By Underwater Archaeologists

A cenote is a natural pit resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock that exposes groundwater underneath. They were sometimes used by the ancient Maya for sacrificial offerings. Local legend says that the mysterious cavern is guarded by a feathered, horse-headed serpent. Older residents of the nearby village of Telchaquillo tell stories of people seeing the serpent perching in a tree, leaping up, spinning around three times, and diving into the water. From the first day of diving archaeologists discovered that there may be a very real reason why the villagers fear the place. It appears something terrible took place there and perhaps knowledge of this was passed down over the centuries leading to the development of myths and legends. The team identified more than a dozen human remains. The bones bear no marks that would indicate cause of death, so the people probably weren't sacrificed. According to the researchers, the elongated skulls were intentionally flattened during infancy, a practice that archaeologists are still seeking answers for.

5. Swedish Divers Find 11,000-Year-Old Underwater Relics

Swedish divers made a unique and rare discovery in the Baltic Sea – Stone Age artifacts left by Swedish nomads dating back 11,000 years.  Researchers uncovered a number of remnants that are believed to have been discarded in the water by Swedes in the Stone Age, objects which have been preserved thanks to the lack of oxygen and the abundance of gyttja sediment, which is sediment rich in organic matter at the bottom of a eutrophic lake.

It is extremely rare to find evidence from the Stone Age so unspoiled. Buried 16 meters (52.49 ft) below the surface, the team uncovered wood, flint tools, animal horns and ropes. Among the most notable items found include a harpoon carving made from an animal bone, and the bones of an ancient animal called aurochs, the ancestor of domestic cattle, the last of which died off in the early 1600s. Archaeologists are continuing the dig, and are now particularly interested to see whether there is also an ancient burial site in the region.

6. Mysterious 10,000-Year-Old Underwater Ruins In Japan

On the southern coast of Yonaguni, Japan, lie submerged ruins estimated to be around 10,000 years old. The origin of the site is hotly debated - many experts argue that is man-made, while more other scientists insist it was carved out by natural phenomena.

Yonaguni monument, Japan.

(nudiblue /Adobe Stock)

The unique and awe-inspiring site was discovered in 1995 by a diver who strayed too far off the Okinawa shore and was dumb-struck when he stumbled upon the sunken arrangement of monolithic blocks "as if terraced into the side of a mountain".  The site consists of huge stone blocks which fit together perfectly, right angled joins, carvings and what appear to be stairways, paved streets, crossroads and plazas.  Despite the unusual features displayed at Yonaguni, there remains some scientists, such as Geologist Robert Schoch of Boston University, who have studied the formation and who are adamant that the large blocks formed naturally as a result of tectonic movement.

7. The Controversial Underwater Structures Of Zakynthos

In June 2013, Greek archaeologists announced an amazing finding – an ancient underwater city in the gulf of Alykanas in Zakynthos, Greece. According to the Underwater Antiquities Department, the discovery included huge public buildings, cobblestone paving, bases for pillars and other antiquities. Of particular significance were the 20 stone pillar bases, all of which feature a “34 cm diameter incision”, which were probably meant for wooden columns. Preliminary observations led to the conclusion that the remains belonged to a large ancient public building, probably belonging to an important settlement in the ancient city’s port. However, in a strange twist, a study released in December claimed that the ‘artifacts’ are not remnants of an ancient city at all, but simply a unique natural phenomenon.

Disc and doughnut-shaped structures appeared to be architectural remnants of a city, but scientific analysis showed the formations to actually be a naturally occurring geological phenomenon. 

(University of Athens)

8. The Perfectly Preserved Ancient Chinese Underwater City

The Lion City, otherwise known as Shi Cheng, is an ancient submerged city that lies at the foot of Wu Shi Mountain (Five Lion Mountain), located beneath the spectacular Qiandao Lake (Thousand Island Lake) in China.  Officials have taken a renewed interest in the sunken city since discovering it in February 2014, that despite more than 50 years underwater, the entire city has been preserved completely intact, transforming it into a virtual time capsule. 

The Lion city in China, similar to the lost city of Atlantis.

(ShashiBellamkon/flickr)

The Lion City was built during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 – 200 AD) and was once the center of politics and economics in the eastern province of Zhejiang. But in 1959, the Chinese government decided a new hydroelectric power station was required - so it built a man-made lake, submerging Shi Cheng under 40 meters (131.23 ft) of water.  The Lion City lay undisturbed and forgotten for 53 years, until Qiu Feng, a local official in charge of tourism, decided to see what remained of the city under the deep waters. He was amazed to discover that, protected from wind, rain, and sun, the entire city complete with temples, memorial arches, paved roads, and houses, was completely intact, including wooden beams and stairs.

9. The 5,000-Year-Old Sunken City In Southern Greece

In the Peloponnesus region of southern Greece there is a small village called Pavlopetri, where a nearby ancient city dating back 5,000 years resides. However, this is not an ordinary archaeological site, the city can be found about 4 meters (3.12 ft) underwater and is believed to be the oldest known submerged city in the world.   The city is incredibly well designed with roads, two story houses with gardens, temples, a cemetery, and a complex water management system including channels and water pipes. 

In the center of the city, was a square or plaza measuring about 40x20 meters ( 131.23 x 65.61 ft) and most of the buildings have been found with up to 12 rooms inside. The design of this city surpasses the design of many cities today. The city is so old that it existed in the period that the famed ancient Greek epic poem ‘Iliad’ was set in. Research in 2009 revealed that the site extends for about 9 acres and evidence shows that it had been inhabited prior to 2800 BC. Scientists estimate that the city was sunk in around 1000 BC due to earthquakes that shifted the land. However, despite this and even after 5,000 years, the arrangement of the city is still clearly visible and at least 15 buildings have been found. The city’s arrangement is so clear that the head of the archaeological team, John Henderson of the University of Nottingham, and his team, have been able to create what they believe is an extremely accurate 3D reconstruction of the city.

The underwater remains and the digitally reconstructed pillars and walls of one of the buildings.

(Pavlopetri Underwater Archaeology Project)

10. Ancient Egyptian city of Heracleion - on the border between myth and reality

The city of Heracleion, home of the temple where Cleopatra was inaugurated, plunged into the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Egypt nearly 1,200 years ago.  It was one of the most important trade centers in the region before it sank more than a millennium ago. For centuries, the city was believed to be a myth, much like the city of Atlantis is viewed today.  But in 2001, an underwater archaeologist searching for French warships stumbled across the sunken city.  After removing layers of sand and mud, divers uncovered the extraordinarily well preserved city with many of its treasures still intact including, the main temple of Amun-Gerb, giant statues of pharaohs, hundreds of smaller statues of gods and goddesses, a sphinx, 64 ancient ships, 700 anchors, stone blocks with both Greek and Ancient Egyptian inscriptions, dozens of sarcophagi, gold coins and weights made from bronze and stone.

The team discovered a sunken statue of a pharaoh on the Mediterranean sea floor near the great temple of ancient Heracleion.

(Christoph Gerigk © Franck Goddio/Hilti Foundation)

The Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC) told us of a great temple that was built where the famous hero Heracles first set foot on to Egypt, and was named after him. He also reported of Helen of Troy’s visit to Heracleion with her lover Paris before the Trojan War. More than four centuries after Herodotus’ visit to Egypt, the geographer Strabo observed that the city of Heracleion, which possessed the temple of Herakles, is located straight to the east of Canopus at the mouth of the Canopic branch of the River Nile. However, until its discovery, Heracleion was just a place of legends.

• Top image: Divers studying various underwater discoveries.  
• Source: nudiblue /Adobe Stock / ShashiBellamkon/flickr / University of Athens

By Joanna Gillan

RELATED

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/  }

28-11-2023 om 21:36 geschreven door peter  

Senior military and intelligence personnel have consistently reported the presence of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) in proximity to locations linked to nuclear power, weaponry, and technology across the United States for the past 75 years. 

However, the U.S. is not the only country in which unknown aerial objects have been observed, and sometimes close to sites of national security significance.

{ https://thedebrief.org/ }

28-11-2023 om 20:47 geschreven door peter  

EXCLUSIVE: CIA's secret office has conducted UFO retrieval missions on at least NINE crash sites around the world, whistleblowers reveal

• The Office of Global Access (OGA) - a wing of the CIA - has played a central role in collecting alien spacecraft since 2003, sources tell DailyMail.com 
• At least nine 'non-human craft' have been recovered by the US government – some wrecked from a crash, and two completely intact
• The CIA has a 'system in place that can discern UFOs while they're still cloaked' and  special military units are sent to salvage the wreckage, sources said

By JOSH BOSWELL and CHRIS SHARP and MATT FORD FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A secretive CIA office has been coordinating the retrieval of crashed UFOs around the world for decades, multiple sources told DailyMail.com.

One source said that at least nine apparent 'non-human craft' have been recovered by the US government – some wrecked from a crash, and two completely intact.

Three sources briefed on those alleged top secret operations told DailyMail.com that the Office of Global Access (OGA), a wing of the Central Intelligence Agency's Science and Technology Directorate, has played a central role since 2003 in orchestrating the collection of what could be alien spacecraft.

The three sources, who spoke on condition of anonymity to avoid reprisals, have all been briefed by individuals involved in those alleged UFO retrieval missions.

Though the shocking claims sound like they come from a science fiction novel, they are part of a growing body of evidence suggesting the US government could indeed be hiding advanced vehicles that were not made by humans.

The Office of Global Access - a wing of the CIA - has played a central role in collecting alien spacecraft since 2003, sources tell DailyMail.com

David Grusch - a former high-ranking intelligence official – is one of three military whistleblowers who testified under oath about UFOs. Grusch claims he has evidence of secret programs involving technology far surpassing the US's capabilities

In July Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer co-sponsored a bill to allow disclosure of 'recovered technologies of unknown origin and biological evidence of non-human intelligence'

Former top intelligence officer David Grusch told Congress as much in an explosive public hearing in July.

The same month, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer sponsored an extraordinary bill to allow disclosure of 'recovered technologies of unknown origin and biological evidence of non-human intelligence' – which has now passed in the Senate.

Sources who spoke to DailyMail.com shed light on how the CIA has allegedly coordinated the secret recovery and storage of these alleged crashed or landed UFOs.

Late CIA expert Jeffrey Richelson wrote in his 2016 book, The US Intelligence Community, that the Office of Global Access helped provide 'worldwide collection capability' 

'There's at least nine vehicles. There were different circumstances for different ones,' one source briefed by UFO program insiders told DailyMail.com. 'It has to do with the physical condition they're in. If it crashes, there's a lot of damage done. Others, two of them, are completely intact.'

The source said the CIA has a 'system in place that can discern UFOs while they're still cloaked,' and that if the 'non-human' craft land, crash or are brought down to earth, special military units are sent to try to salvage the wreckage.

Another source with knowledge of the OGA's role said that they specialize in allowing the US military to secretly access areas around the world where they would usually be 'denied' – for example behind enemy lines.

'They are basically a facilitator for people to get in and out of countries,' the source said. 'They are very clever at being able to get anywhere in the world they want to.'

Multiple sources briefed on the OGA's activities told DailyMail.com that most of its operations involve more conventional retrieval missions, such as stray nuclear weapons, downed satellites or adversaries' technology.

But they claimed some missions coordinated by the OGA have involved retrieval of UFOs.

'The task at hand is simply to get it into custody and protect the secrecy of it,' one source said. 'The actual physical retrieval is by the military. But it's not kept under military control, because they have to keep too many records. So they start moving it out fairly quickly into private hands.'

Documents published by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in December 2016 showed that the OGA was one of 56 offices in the CIA, with its chief and deputy making up two of a total 286 director-level officials in the spy agency.

An unclassified organizational chart published by the CIA in October 2015 lists the OGA among nine offices in the 'Science and Technology' wing of the agency.

Late CIA expert Jeffrey Richelson wrote in a 2016 book on the agency that the OGA was established in 2003, and cited a CIA description that it 'integrate[s] analysis, technology, and tradecraft to attack the most difficult targets, and to provide worldwide collection capability.'

Doug Wolfe helped set up the CIA's Office of Global Access in 2003 and served as its deputy director. He managed 'unwarned access programs that deliver intelligence from the most challenging denied areas' according to a short biography published by a conference he attended in 2017 

Schumer's bill  requires all government agencies to turn over evidence of any 'recovered technologies of unknown origin and biological evidence of non-human intelligence' to a panel of experts, who can then choose to make the information public

One source claimed at least nine 'non-human craft' have been recovered by the US government – some wrecked from a crash, and two completely intact. A 3D rendering of a UFO

A 255-word biography of former OGA deputy director Doug Wolfe, published by an aerospace conference in 2017, says that he 'helped start the Office of Global Access'.

Wolfe's bio cryptically adds that he 'was responsible for leading and managing strategic, unwarned access programs that deliver intelligence from the most challenging denied areas' and 'served as program manager with responsibility for the end-to-end system acquisition of an innovative new source and method for the IC [Intelligence Community].'

Two sources told DailyMail.com that the OGA coordinates with Special Operations Forces such as SEAL teams or Delta Force under the Pentagon's Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), or nuclear weapons experts such as the Nuclear Emergency Support Team (NEST), to collect the crashed or landed craft.

But another source, who has briefed members of Congress on alleged crash retrievals, said that NEST had not been involved in any of these operations.

A spokesperson for the agency also denied involvement.

'[NEST] personnel encounter materials from unknown origins on a regular basis,' a spokesperson said. 'In fact, one of NEST's missions is to help determine the origin of nuclear material interdicted outside of regulatory control or used in a nuclear device.

'During its operations, NEST has never encountered any material related to UAP.'

In a written statement, a JSOC spokesperson told DailyMail.com: 'We have nothing for you on this.'

A former SEAL team member told DailyMail.com that they had been on operations coordinated by the CIA to retrieve high-value stray enemy weapons, and that they knew of colleagues who had been on similar operations where they recovered technology that appeared highly advanced – though not necessarily out-of-this-world.

'Absolutely that happens,' the ex-SEAL said. 'Even ordinance or a weapon that we've never seen, we recover and bring it back.'

One source said that the Air Force Special Operations Command's 24th Special Tactics Squadron, based at Pope Field Army Airbase in North Carolina, has also been involved in securing areas for UFO crash retrievals.

Sources said the CIA office then often hands the wreckage or material over to private aerospace contractors for analysis, where it is not subject to rigorous government audits and can be shielded with protections for trade secrets.

'The CIA is the portfolio manager or owner of the UAP [Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena] crash retrieval operation,' one source, who has shared their information with Congress, told DailyMail.com.

'The Department of Energy national labs are materials analysis contractors whenever recovered radioisotopes are involved but not always just radioisotope materials. The aerospace-defense industry are also contractors that specifically do not handle any recovered radioisotopes, but they handle the other non-radioactive material – and intact craft.'

Multiple sources said that many of the people involved in these programs may not even realize they are dealing with non-human craft, due to the intense security and compartmentalization of information in such top secret programs.

UFO whistleblower David Grusch appeared on the Joe Rogan Experience podcast on Wednesday, repeating his claims of a secret US government program that is hiding crashed 'non-human' UFOs

In an interview on Wednesday with podcaster Joe Rogan, whistleblower David Grusch gave an example of engineers in the Manhattan Project of the 1940s not realizing they were working on fuses for the atom bomb that would eventually be dropped on Japan.

Late Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid told the New Yorker in 2021 that top defense company Lockheed Martin was one of the private contractors holding potentially alien wreckage.

'I was told for decades that Lockheed had some of these retrieved materials,' he said.

As majority leader, Reid was one of the 'Gang of Eight', a select group of top lawmakers given access to the country's most closely held secrets too sensitive to share widely in Congress.

But even he was denied access to these alleged programs, he told the magazine.

'I tried to get, as I recall, a classified approval by the Pentagon to have me go look at the stuff. They would not approve that. I don't know what all the numbers were, what kind of classification it was, but they would not give that to me.'

Reid helped set up a new UFO investigation office in the Pentagon in 2008 to probe the regular encounters US military pilots and other armed forces members had with strange objects in the sky and sea.

In June, former top intelligence officer Grusch came forward with claims that while working for the Pentagon's UFO office he discovered the US had a secret program trying to glean new technology from multiple 'non-human' craft it had obtained, dating as far back as the 1930s.

The former National Reconnaissance Office staffer's claims were deemed 'urgent and credible' by the Intelligence Community Inspector General, whom Grusch says he gave documents evidencing his story, and introduced to around 40 witnesses involved in the alleged 'reverse engineering' UFO programs in July 2021.

The OGA is one of 56 offices in the CIA, according to documents published by the National Archives in 2016

The Office of Global Access sits inside the CIA's directorate of Science and Technology, one of five directorates at the agency according to a 2015 unclassified organizational chart

Earlier this year Senate Intelligence Committee ranking member Marco Rubio told TV news station NewsNation that he had spoken to some of these 'first-hand' program insiders, who allegedly worked to glean new technology from potentially alien captured craft.

'There are people that have come forward to share information with our committee over the last couple of years,' Rubio said in the June 26 interview.

'Some of these people still work in the government. A lot of them are very fearful. Fearful for their jobs, fearful for their clearances, fearful of their career. Some of them are fearful of harm coming to them.

'Most of these people, at some point or maybe even currently, have held very high clearances and high positions within our government.

'Some of these claims are things that are beyond the realm of what any of us has ever dealt with.

'If it's even partially true, then somebody's broken the law. There's been some violations. Because these things have to be disclosed to Congress.'

Top lawmakers appear to be taking seriously the claims of UFOs hidden in secret bunkers.

Senate leader Schumer co-sponsored a bill to create a review board with presidential-level powers, with the aim of uncovering and disclosing any non-human craft or even bodies, held by the US government.

Earlier this year Senate Intelligence Committee ranking member Marco Rubio said that he had spoken to some of these 'first-hand' program insiders, who allegedly worked to glean new technology from potentially alien captured craft

Senate leader Schumer co-sponsored a bill to create a review board with presidential-level powers, with the aim of uncovering and disclosing any non-human craft or even bodies, held by the US government

It requires all government agencies to turn over evidence of any 'recovered technologies of unknown origin and biological evidence of non-human intelligence' to a panel of experts, who can then choose to make the information public.

The Senate has voted in favor of Schumer's bill. If passed in the House of Representatives, it will be added as an amendment to the annual military spending bill for 2024.

'The American public has a right to learn about technologies of unknown origins, non-human intelligence, and unexplainable phenomena,' Schumer said in a July press release announcing the amendment.

Missouri Republican congressman Eric Burlison, part of an informal caucus of lawmakers campaigning for greater transparency on UFOs, told DailyMail.com that the sources' claims gave him and his colleagues a lead to follow in their investigations.

'These are the kind of specific programs we've been trying to get the names of,' he said. 'It's been so difficult because we can't get that information with specifics from Grusch or from the [Intelligence Community] Inspector General.

'I can't confirm it's true. But it certainly gives us a trail to follow.

'I think that if it does exist, even if they give us no information beyond that, I think we owe it to the world to disclose that.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/

28-11-2023 om 20:27 geschreven door peter  

Mini Stonehenge In Crater In Moon, In NASA Photo, UFO Sighting News. Video.

Date of discovery: Nov 26, 2023

Location of discovery: Earths Moon

NASA source: 

• http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/793

I found this interesting structure and it really looks similar to that of the UK Stonehenge site. Except this mini version on the moon has its top circle of stones still on it. The site measures about 75 meters across, I got that from NASA saying the crater is 1.6km across. It's really not that mini, actually larger than the one in the UK, but both unique and really captures our imagination about what both structures are used for. 

 Scott C. Waring

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

28-11-2023 om 18:17 geschreven door peter  

This day in UFO history: The Mysterious Todmorden Encounter – Unraveling the Alan Godfrey UFO Abduction Case

In the serene township of Todmorden, nestled within West Yorkshire’s enigmatic landscapes, a perplexing event unfolded that still captivates UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike. The date was November 28, 1980 – exactly 43 years ago, a night that would etch itself permanently in the annals of UFO history, all thanks to the experiences of one Police Constable, Alan Godfrey.

Godfrey, a respected officer, embarked on what seemed like a routine patrol. His mission was straightforward — investigate the peculiar reports of cattle roaming a local council estate. Little did he know that his night would turn into a subject of extraterrestrial speculation.

As Godfrey navigated the damp streets of Todmorden, his attention was drawn to an anomalous sight — a bright, diamond-shaped object, suspended eerily above the ground. This was no ordinary aerial phenomenon; it was silent, massive, and unlike anything he had ever encountered. Attempting to communicate with his station, Godfrey found his radio unresponsive, adding to the surreal nature of the moment.

The object, described as 20 feet high and 14 feet wide, seemed to be exerting a strange force, affecting the surrounding environment yet making no sound. Godfrey, maintaining his composure, sketched the object in his police notebook, a document that would later become a key piece of evidence in his extraordinary tale.

In a bewildering twist, Godfrey experienced what he later described as a “jump in time.” One moment he was observing the object, and the next, he found himself driving further down the road, unable to account for approximately 30 minutes of his time. This gap in memory, coupled with a split boot and an unexplained red mark on his foot, deepened the mystery.

The intrigue intensified under hypnotic regression. Godfrey recalled a beam of light that rendered him unconscious, followed by waking up in a strange room, surrounded by small beings and a humanoid figure. This narrative, extracted from the depths of his subconscious, painted a picture of a possible extraterrestrial encounter.

The aftermath of this incident was a whirlwind of media attention, skepticism, and personal turmoil for Godfrey. His account, though met with ridicule by some, was also backed by corroborating reports of strange lights by other officers and locals. The incident not only challenged the credibility of a respected police officer but also stirred a national conversation about the possibility of extraterrestrial visitations.

Years have passed since that fateful night in Todmorden, but the enigma of Alan Godfrey’s encounter remains undiminished. Was it a brush with the unknown, a misinterpretation of natural phenomena, or something else entirely? The Todmorden encounter, as it came to be known, continues to be a beacon for UFO researchers and enthusiasts, a reminder of the unfathomable mysteries that might lie beyond our understanding.

As we delve into the depths of the unknown, stories like Godfrey’s serve as compelling narratives, challenging our perceptions and inviting us to ponder the vast, unexplored frontiers of our universe.

RELATED

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

28-11-2023 om 18:10 geschreven door peter  

2003 UFO Bombshell: Giant Flying Object Dwarfs Vandenberg Base! Hearings Reveal Mind-Blowing Details!

In a remarkable disclosure during a recent House Oversight Committee hearing on national security, a past incident involving an unidentified aerial phenomenon (UAP) at Vandenberg Air Force Base was brought to light. This incident, dating back to 2003, has resurfaced in the public domain, shedding new light on the enigmatic world of UAPs.

The Unusual Sighting

According to the testimony presented by Ryan Graves, a retired Navy pilot and the founder of Americans for Safe Aerospace, a group of Boeing contractors working near a launch facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base witnessed an extraordinary event. They reported seeing a gigantic, red, square-shaped object, estimated to be about 100 yards in size. This object emerged from the direction of the ocean, hovering at a low altitude over the facility for approximately 45 seconds before vanishing over the nearby mountains. The time was recorded as approximately 8:45 a.m.

Subsequent Developments

Graves further revealed that within 24 hours of this sighting, there were additional reports of similar occurrences on the base. Some of these reports included descriptions of objects displaying seemingly aggressive maneuvers towards the base’s security personnel. These incidents were not isolated occurrences but were part of a documented pattern, as confirmed by the accounts and records shared by the witnesses with Americans for Safe Aerospace.

The Hearing and Its Implications

This intriguing account was part of a broader discussion during the House Oversight Committee’s hearing. The hearing, focusing on UAPs (formerly known as UFOs), featured testimonies from various individuals, including retired Major David Grusch and former U.S. intelligence officer David Fravor. While some details were withheld, the overall aim of the hearing, as stated by Representative Tim Burchett, was to promote government transparency in dealing with such phenomena.

Reflecting on the Incident

The Vandenberg sighting stands out for its peculiar characteristics and the credible nature of the witnesses involved. The detailed descriptions provided by the contractors, along with the documented evidence, offer a compelling case for further investigation into this and similar incidents. While the UAP phenomenon remains shrouded in mystery, such accounts continue to spark curiosity and demand attention from both the public and scientific communities.

VIDEO:

As our understanding of these phenomena continues to evolve, the Vandenberg incident serves as a reminder of the vast unknowns still present in our skies. The pursuit of knowledge in this field remains a challenging yet fascinating endeavor, as each new sighting provides another piece to an ever-expanding puzzle.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

28-11-2023 om 17:50 geschreven door peter  

NASA benadrukt de pijlstaartrognevel

De NASA heeft de indrukwekkende donkere nevel, officieel gecatalogiseerd als SH2-63 en LBN 86, in de ‘Astronomieafbeelding van de Dag‘ in de schijnwerpers gezet 

Deze nevel, bijgenaamd de Pijlstaartrognevel vanwege zijn kenmerkende vorm, bestaat uit gas en stof in lichte bruine tinten.

De afbeelding, benadrukt door NASA, is vastgelegd door Vikas Chander, gedurende 20 uur belichting onder de donkere luchten van Chili.

• post NASA benadrukt de pijlstaartrognevel apareceu primeiro em TechBreak.

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28-11-2023 om 17:33 geschreven door peter  

Graancirkels: wat weten we over dit mysterieuze fenomeen?

©Getty Images

Graancirkels

In de jaren 1980 was er een aanzienlijke toename van het aantal gerapporteerde cirkels, wat leidde tot de popularisering van de term "graancirkels".

©Shutterstock

Theorieën

Er werden verschillende verklaringen voor hun ontstaan geopperd. Sommigen geloofden dat UFO's verantwoordelijk waren, terwijl anderen een onbekende vorm van energie, mogelijk paranormaal, voorstelden als de schepper.

©Getty Images

Wiltshire

Eind jaren 1980 vestigden de media de aandacht op graancirkels in Hampshire en Wiltshire, waardoor het fenomeen populair werd.

{ http://starsinsider.com/ }

28-11-2023 om 17:21 geschreven door peter  

The Incredible Saga of Pat Brown’s Ongoing Alien Abductions Since 1988!

In the realm of UFO sightings and extraterrestrial encounters, few stories resonate as profoundly as that of Pat Brown, an African American woman whose life took an extraordinary turn starting in 1988. Her experiences, marked by both fear and spiritual awakening, offer a unique perspective into the enigmatic world of alien encounters. This article delves into the remarkable journey of Pat Brown, whose experiences challenge the conventional boundaries of reality and open up a dialogue about the possibilities that lie beyond our understanding.

The Beginning of a Mysterious Journey

Living a routine life as a telephone operator in a bustling Los Angeles suburb, Pat Brown’s world was as ordinary as it could be until a visit to her friend Denise in Prescott, Arizona. Skeptical of paranormal phenomena, Pat’s perspective took a sharp turn during this trip. It was here, in Denise’s home, that Pat first encountered beings from another world. Described as slender, iridescent entities that glowed with a whitish hue, these beings entered her room through the walls, marking the onset of Pat’s extraordinary experiences.

A Transformational Encounter 

The pivotal moment in Pat’s journey occurred on Christmas Eve of 1992. This encounter was far more intense than her previous experiences. She awoke to find her room filled with gray alien beings. They paralyzed and transported her aboard their spacecraft, an experience that was both terrifying and transformative. This abduction marked a significant shift in her life, leading her to abandon her job as a telephone operator and embark on a new path as a healing massage therapist.

The Spiritual Shift 

Despite the fear and confusion brought on by these encounters, Pat’s story took an unexpected turn towards the spiritual. Following a series of abductions, she received a telepathic message offering a ball of golden light for healing. This experience marked a dramatic shift in her encounters, transforming them from episodes of fear to profound spiritual experiences. Pat’s journey suggests a deeper connection between alien encounters and personal spiritual growth.

Redefining the Narrative

 Pat Brown’s story is more than just a series of alien encounters; it’s a narrative that challenges our understanding of the universe and our place within it. Her experiences prompt questions about self-exploration, the existence of other dimensions, and the deeper meaning of our existence. Additionally, Pat’s story addresses the misconception that alien encounters are exclusive to certain races, emphasizing that these experiences transcend racial boundaries.

VIDEO:

A Journey of Enlightenment 

Pat Brown’s experiences with extraterrestrial beings transform from encounters of fear to enlightening spiritual revelations. Her journey offers a unique insight into the unexplained phenomena of alien encounters, challenging us to think beyond our conventional understanding of reality. As we continue to explore the mysteries of the universe, stories like Pat Brown’s serve as a reminder of the endless possibilities that exist beyond the known world.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

27-11-2023 om 18:48 geschreven door peter  

NASA Uses Two Worlds to Test Future Mars Helicopter Designs

Engineers will go beyond the ends of the Earth to find more performance for future Mars helicopters.

For the first time in history, two planets have been home to testing future aircraft designs. On this world, a new rotor that could be used with next-generation Mars helicopters was recently tested at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, spinning at near-supersonic speeds (0.95 Mach). Meanwhile, the agency’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter has achieved new altitude and airspeed records on the Red Planet in the name of experimental flight testing.

“Our next-generation Mars helicopter testing has literally had the best of both worlds,” said Teddy Tzanetos, Ingenuity’s project manager and manager for the Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters. “Here on Earth, you have all the instrumentation and hands-on immediacy you could hope for while testing new aircraft components. On Mars, you have the real off-world conditions you could never truly re-create here on Earth.” That includes a whisper-thin atmosphere and significantly less gravity than on Earth.

The next-generation carbon fiber rotor blades being tested on Earth are almost 4 inches (more than 10 centimeters) longer than Ingenuity’s, with greater strength and a different design. NASA thinks these blades could enable bigger, more capable Mars helicopters. The challenge is, as the blade tips approach supersonic speeds, vibration-causing turbulence can quickly get out of hand.

To find a space big enough to create a Martian atmosphere on Earth, engineers looked to JPL’s 25-foot wide, 85-foot-tall (8-meter-by-26-meter) space simulator – a place where Surveyor, Voyager, and Cassini got their first taste of space-like environments. For three weeks in September, a team monitored sensors, meters, and cameras as the blades endured run after run at ever-higher speeds and greater pitch angles.

“We spun our blades up to 3,500 rpm, which is 750 revolutions per minute faster than the Ingenuity blades have gone,” said Tyler Del Sesto, Sample Recovery Helicopter deputy test conductor at JPL. “These more efficient blades are now more than a hypothetical exercise. They are ready to fly.”

At around the same time, and about 100 million miles (161 million kilometers) away, Ingenuity was being commanded to try things the Mars Helicopter team never imagined they would get to do. 

Fourth Rock Flight Testing

Ingenuity was originally slated to fly no more than five times. With its first flight entering the mission logbook more than two-and-a-half years ago, the helicopter has exceeded its planned 30-day mission by 32 times and has flown 66 times. Every time Ingenuity goes airborne, it covers new ground, offering a perspective no previous planetary mission could achieve. But lately, Team Ingenuity has been taking their solar-powered rotorcraft out for a spin like never before.

“Over the past nine months, we have doubled our max airspeed and altitude, increased our rate of vertical and horizontal acceleration, and even learned to land slower,” said Travis Brown, Ingenuity’s chief engineer at JPL. “The envelope expansion provides invaluable data that can be used by mission designers for future Mars helicopters.”

Limited by available energy and motor-temperature considerations, Ingenuity flights usually last around two to three minutes. Although the helicopter can cover more ground in a single flight by flying faster, flying too fast can confuse the onboard navigation system. The system uses a camera that recognizes rocks and other surface features as they move through its field of view. If those features whiz by too fast, the system can lose its way.

So, to achieve a higher maximum ground speed, the team sends commands for Ingenuity to fly at higher altitudes (instructions are sent to the helicopter before each flight), which keeps features in view longer. Flight 61 established a new altitude record of 78.7 feet (24 meters) as it checked out Martian wind patterns. With Flight 62 Ingenuity set a speed record of 22.3 mph (10 meters per second) – and scouted a location for the Perseverance rover’s science team.

The team has also been experimenting with Ingenuity’s landing speed. The helicopter was designed to contact the surface at a relatively brisk 2.2 mph (1 mps) so its onboard sensors could easily confirm touchdown and shut down the rotors before it could bounce back into the air. A helicopter that lands more slowly could be designed with lighter landing gear. So, on Flights 57, 58, and 59 they gave it a whirl, demonstrating Ingenuity could land at speeds 25% slower than the helicopter was originally designed to land at.

All this Martian Chuck Yeager-ing is not over. In December, after solar conjunction, Ingenuity is expected to perform two high-speed flights during which it will execute a special set of pitch-and-roll angles designed to measure its performance.

“The data will be extremely useful in fine-tuning our aero-mechanical models of how rotorcraft behave on Mars,” said Brown. “On Earth, such testing is usually performed in the first few flights. But that’s not where we’re flying. You have to be a little more careful when you’re operating that far away from the nearest repair shop, because you don’t get any do-overs.”

More About Ingenuity

Ingenuity began its life at Mars as a technology demonstration. It first flew on April 19, 2021, hovering 10 feet (3 meters) for 30 seconds. Four more flights in as many weeks added 499 seconds and saw the helicopter flying horizontally over the surface for 1,171 feet (357 meters). After proving flight was possible on Mars, Ingenuity entered an operations demonstration phase in May 2021 to show how aerial scouting could benefit future exploration of Mars and other worlds.

The Ingenuity Mars Helicopter was built by JPL, which also manages the project for NASA Headquarters. It is supported by NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley and NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, provided significant flight performance analysis and technical assistance during Ingenuity’s development. AeroVironment Inc., Qualcomm, and SolAero also provided design assistance and major vehicle components. Lockheed Space designed and manufactured the Mars Helicopter Delivery System.

At NASA Headquarters, Dave Lavery is the program executive for the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter.

News Media Contacts

DC Agle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-9011
agle@jpl.nasa.gov

Alana Johnson/ Karen Fox
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1501 / 301-286-6284
alana.r.johnson@nasa.gov / karen.c.fox@nasa.gov

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27-11-2023 om 00:25 geschreven door peter