Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
24-12-2023
Former NASA scientist says aliens 'could have secret base beneath Earth's oceans'
Former NASA scientist says aliens 'could have secret base beneath Earth's oceans'
There are solid scientific reasons why the pilots of UFOs visiting the Earth might perfer to base themselves in the deep oceans, says former NASA researcher Kevin Knuth.
A former NASA researcher believes pilots of UFOs could be living underneath our oceans.
Kevin Knuth, a distinguished academic who worked at NASA's Ames Research Center from 2001 to 2005, thinks there are many reasons why alien visitors might choose to base themselves underwater, rather than on the Earth’s surface.
For a start, he says, if they prefer to remain undetected, the deep oceans are ideal. He told the Theories of Everything podcast: “75% of the Earth's surface is water and we really have very little access to it. So, if you are going to hide out somewhere, that's perfect.”
Many recent UFO sightings have involved craft that appear to move effortlessly between the air and sea, and Kevin adds that aliens from a water-world home planet would have many reasons to base themselves beneath the sea.
Kevin outlines the reasons why extraterrestrials might find our environment quite inhospitable(Image: Kevin Knuth)
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He continued: “If you come from an aquatic environment, aquatic environments on planets are going to be much better to live in than atmospheric environments. Atmospheres have a low heat capacity, so the temperature varies a lot …you get huge temperature variations.
“And then going from planet to planet, you have huge temperature variations in the atmosphere: go to Mars, and you're looking at 100 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. You go to Venus, and you're looking at 800 degrees Fahrenheit. It's dramatic. And the air pressure is dramatically different, too, from planet to planet…”
Aliens might be more comfortable underwater, Kevin says(Image: Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF)
Kevin explains that the atmosphere on Venus is is about 100 times denser than ours, while the Martian “air” is more like 100 times thinner. And on none of those planets does the atmosphere do anything to protect against cosmic radiation or other hazards.
“There's all sorts of problems with living on a surface protected only by an atmosphere,” he said. “But if you live in an ocean, going to another planet with an ocean is actually a pretty good thing.
“If it's a water ocean, then a water ocean on another planet is going to be between the temperatures of 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 212 degrees Fahrenheit. So, the temperatures aren't going to change dramatically from ocean to ocean, going from one planet to another.”
Some of the most credible UFO sightings of recent years have involved 'trans-medium' craft cutting through the waves
Pressures, too, will be more consistent between oceans of different planets. He added: “So you can actually find a nice place to hang out if that's the pressure you're used to. The main differences are going to be chemicals dissolved in the ocean.”
For that reason, he said, it’s highly likely that alien life forms visiting our planet might choose to base themselves beneath the waves. Even if we were to ever make contact with them, though, he’d advise against touching an alien. Kevin explained: “The biology is probably very different. You don't want to touch them… your biology isn't compatible, so there's going to be all sorts of horrible chemical reactions.
“You don't want to come in contact with their organic molecules,” he adds, “because you don’t know what kind of reactions you'd have.”
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Former NASA scientist says aliens 'could have secret base beneath Earth's oceans'
Former NASA scientist says aliens 'could have secret base beneath Earth's oceans'
There are solid scientific reasons why the pilots of UFOs visiting the Earth might perfer to base themselves in the deep oceans, says former NASA researcher Kevin Knuth.
A former NASA researcher believes pilots of UFOs could be living underneath our oceans.
Kevin Knuth, a distinguished academic who worked at NASA's Ames Research Center from 2001 to 2005, thinks there are many reasons why alien visitors might choose to base themselves underwater, rather than on the Earth’s surface.
For a start, he says, if they prefer to remain undetected, the deep oceans are ideal. He told the Theories of Everything podcast: “75% of the Earth's surface is water and we really have very little access to it. So, if you are going to hide out somewhere, that's perfect.”
For more stories of the paranormal, strange and unexplained, check out the Daily Star's Weird News section.
Many recent UFO sightings have involved craft that appear to move effortlessly between the air and sea, and Kevin adds that aliens from a water-world home planet would have many reasons to base themselves beneath the sea.
Kevin outlines the reasons why extraterrestrials might find our environment quite inhospitable(Image: Kevin Knuth)
Mum 'freaked out' as UFO that looks like Doctor Who's TARDIS flies over her house
Mum 'freaked out' as UFO that looks like Doctor Who's TARDIS flies over her house
The 36-year-old mum was adamant the unidentified flying object was not a star and decided to investigate the matter further by using the ultra-zoom camera on her phone
By Eleanor Ovens
Kay Thorpe had grown suspicious of a shining object that had beamed above her house
(Image: Kennedy News and Media)
A mum was left "freaked out" that aliens are watching her after photographing UFO that looks like Doctor Who’s TARDIS, which she claims routinely hovers over her house.
Kay Thorpe had grown suspicious of a shining object that had beamed above her house in Middleton, Leeds, for the last few years.
The 36-year-old was adamant the unidentified flying object was not a star and decided to investigate the matter further by using the ultra-zoom camera on her phone.
She took a photo of the shining light from her garden(Image: Kennedy News and Media)
The mum-of-three took a photo of the shining light last week from her garden – but never expected the results to be so surprising.
After examining the photo, Kay admitted to feeling "freaked out" by the object, which was reminiscent of Doctor Who’s famous flying time machine.
Kay said: “Where I live, you don’t often see a lot of stars but this one particular star is above my house every night and every morning.
“And I kept looking at it thinking ‘that can’t be a star’ because it’s always there but it doesn’t flicker like a star. It’s been there for years. It wasn’t twinkling and I thought what else could it be
'It's clearly a TARDIS!'(Image: NurPhoto via Getty Images)
“So I decided to take a photo on my phone but when you zoom in that far on your phone, it can become distorted. But I managed to keep it quite still and get a clear photo. When I took the picture, I just saw that shape.
“My first thought was it could be some sort of extra terrestrial. I didn’t think it was a spaceship but when I saw the shape, I thought that’s not normal.
“When I looked at it, I was freaked out. I thought ‘am I safe’? I thought, could it be the international space station?”
After posting the photo online, social media users flocked to the comment section to share their views on what the UFO could be.
There’s nothing like a little trouble at home to make you look for greener pastures. And green or not, aliens were everywhere in 2023. Well, at least in the news.
From Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP, the classy new way to talk about UFOs) to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and all the way to tiny molecules clinging to frozen dust grains in interstellar space, the eyes of experts and the public were looking for life elsewhere.
The biggest alien stories — at least the most popular — came from military releases of data, hinting at cover-ups (or just ill-prepared government officials). But the most important — at least by our reckoning — were those that were steeped in science, offering hints of what life might look like outside of our planet, and where to find it. If you really do want to turn over that rock, that is.
Here, ranked from 11 to 1 by their chances of introducing us to real alien life, are the top alien and UAP events of 2023 that remind us the truth really is out there.
11. NASA RELEASED A GRIPPING REPORT ON UAPS
A resolved UAP sighting. The dot in the middle, and two dots that appeared to move in tandem with the central dot are airplanes waiting to land.
AARO/NASA TV
In September, ASA released its much-anticipated report on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, and the agency says some of the sightings — between 16 and 40 out of roughly 800 — just can’t be explained — but Inverse spoke to experts, and it turns out the problem might just be that we don't have enough information. Most UAP reports come from sensors designed to guide weapons to objects, not gather detailed data about them, so it’s easy for fairly mundane objects to look bizarre when viewed through these sensors — or so says NASA.
Meanwhile, Inverse argues that the agency still needs a dedicated UAP office to take the investigation mainstream.
10. ... AND SO DID THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.
The Department of Defense also published its own UAP report in January 2023, admitting that it has investigated more than 500 cases of possible UAP. Of those, more than a quarter were (of course) weather balloons; to be fair to DoD, weather stations in the U.S. alone launch 240 balloons every day. But according to a Pentagon spokesperson, “Some of these uncharacterized UAP appear to have demonstrated unusual flight characteristics or performance capabilities, and require further analysis.”
But don’t worry; experts tell Inverse that the military probably couldn’t pull off an alien cover-up. Swarms of commercial satellites, along with ubiquitous smartphones and social media — not to mention political pressure — would make it almost impossible to keep the cat in the bag for long.
“I still strongly maintain that alien visitation is not something that could be kept secret. The size of such a secret is just too big,” wrote SETI researcher Seth Shostak in a July 2023 essay for the SETI Institute.
9. THE MYSTERIES OF OUMUAMUA WERE UNVEILED.
This artist’s illustration shows Oumuamua venting gas as the Sun heats it, although no such venting was actually visible to astronomers.
ESA
Speaking of UAP, a chunk of interstellar debris called ‘Oumuamua caused a stir when it passed through our Solar system a few years ago — and an even bigger uproar when it seemed to accelerate under its own power, without leaving a tail like a comet. This year, a study suggested a possible explanation. Spoiler alert: It’s definitely not aliens.
8. WE CRAFTED A DECENT IDEA OF WHAT ALIEN SPACECRAFT COULD LOOK LIKE
A space station wheel orbiting planet Earth. The space station wheel is a habitat that a human crew can live for extended periods of time.
One team of SETI researchers did some math and suggested that if an alien probe ever does visit our Solar System, it’s likely to be a zippy high-tech model, not an alien version of the Voyager probes.
7. ... AND ALSO WHAT CELESTIAL SIGNS MIGHT POINT US TO ALIEN CIVILIZATIONS.
An illustration of a futuristic sci-fi city on a ring planet.
EDUARD MUZHEVSKYI / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/GETTY IMAGES
SETI researchers also proposed some ways we might be able to spot high-tech alien civilizations from a distance — and some really wild ways the aliens might make themselves known to the rest of the universe, such as rearranging an entire star system into a cosmic “Kilroy Was Here” sign.
Other telltale signs to look for around distant stars include giant megastructures, built to siphon off mass and prolong the life of a dying star or the gleam of starlight on sprawling alien cities. But it may be easier to just look for pollution in a distant world’s atmosphere.
6. WE RULED OUT A WHOLE LOT OF HABITABLE PLANETS FOR INTELLIGENT LIFE
Humans wouldn’t be able to search for extraterrestrial intelligence today if our ancestors hadn’t learned to harness fire around a million years ago.
ANADOLU AGENCY/ANADOLU AGENCY/GETTY IMAGES
None of that advanced alien technology is likely to happen in a world without a lot of oxygen in its atmosphere, though. One study this year pointed out that unless about sixteen percent of the atmosphere is made of oxygen, you can’t start a fire. And without fire, you can’t work metals, cook food, or signal to distant alien civilizations.
5. ... AND LEARNED ALIENS PROBABLY WON’T THINK TOO FONDLY OF OUR INTELLIGENCE.
UFOs flying over winter landscape. 3D generated image.
GREMLIN/E+/GETTY IMAGES
If intelligent, technologically advanced aliens are out there, they may not recognize us as intelligent. That could be good news because it means they may not see us as a threat — and they may even think we need protection, according to one 2023 study.If the first aliens we contact are vastly more advanced than we are — or just very different — they may not realize we're sentient. That means they probably won't see us as a threat to galactic peace, which needs to be eliminated posthaste. But the jury's out on whether these hypothetical aliens might turn Earth into a nature preserve or treat us with callous indifference.
4. ALIEN LIFE, INTELLIGENT OR NOT, IS PROBABLY QUITE COMMON
An artist’s depiction of the star PDS 70 and its inner disk. The haze represents the water vapor. In the top right of the image appears an exoplanet.
A few decades ago, we thought the chemicals involved in building cells and making them work might be rare in the universe, but now it looks like many of those ingredients could be part of the standard starter pack for new star systems. And that means life may — eventually — turn out to be more common than we ever dared to hope.
3. ... AND K2-18B IS A GREAT PLACE TO LOOK FOR IT.
This artist’s illustration shows what K2-18b might look like, with its dim red star in the background.
NASA, ESA, CSA, JOSEPH OLMSTED (STSCI)
One team of astronomers says they’ve found an ocean world orbiting a distant star, called K2-18b — and its atmosphere may contain evidence of life somewhere in that alien ocean. Even the researchers who studied the planet with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) aren’t convinced, though. It’s going to take more data to settle the debate, but the possibility is intriguing.
2. TRAPPIST-1 OFFERS EXPERTS HOPE AND FRUSTRATION.
The star and six of the planets as they would appear from the vantage point of the fifth outermost planet, Trappist-1f. All of the planets and the Sun are to scale. One of the worlds is seen transiting in front of the star.
MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/GETTY IMAGES
Another swirl of debate, also fueled by JWST observations, is centered on the TRAPPIST-1 system. Home to at least seven rocky planets, three of which are in the habitable zone, TRAPPIST-1 is a hotspot for hopeful astrobiologists.
Earlier this year, JWST revealed that the system’s innermost two worlds — TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c — look like airless rocks, although it’s possible they just have really thin atmospheres. Neither of those planets is in the habitable zone, but many astronomers took the news as a discouraging sign that the star TRAPPIST-1 might have swept away the atmospheres of all its closest planets, including the potentially habitable ones. But others say it’s too soon to give up hope.
1. BUT DO WE NEED TO LOOK THAT FAR? ALIEN LIFE MIGHT BE RIGHT HERE IN OUR BACKYARD.
The Juno spacecraft’s Junocam instrument captured this detailed photo of Jupiter’s icy moon Ganymede during a June 2021 flyby.
NASA
Closer to home, several studies this year show that Jupiter’s icy moons look extremely promising for alien life, or at least habitability, in a part of our Solar System that we used to consider totally uninhabitable.
NASA’s JUNO spacecraft spotted salt and organic molecules splattered across the icy surface of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede, and JWST revealed frozen carbon dioxide on the surface of Europa. Both moons are hiding vast, dark oceans beneath their thick, icy exteriors, and finding those chemicals on the surface suggests two important things: one, material from the ocean can reach the surface, where it might be easier for us to study. And two, those ice-covered alien oceans seem to have chemistry that could support life as we know it.
Professor Garry Nolan is one of the most reputable experts examining the enigma of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs). He has been studying UAP materials for many months and has made numerous astonishing statements about UFOs. His contributions lend credibility to this particular mystery, which many mainstream scientists hesitate to discuss.
Dr. Nolan works at Stanford University as a professor of Immunology. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize, which is a big honor. He is known as one of the best immunologists in the world. He has many patents and has written a lot of research papers. He has also started two companies listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange because of his successful inventions.
In June 2022, Australian investigative journalist Ross Coulthart interviewed Dr. Nolan and learned from him shocking UAP information that the U.S. government had been investigating for the past few years. Dr. Nolan said that one thing he is sure about is that we do not know what UAPs are: “We do know that there is something here something that I think defies explanation but that something can be studied from a scientific Viewpoint.”
Although this interview was recorded in 2022, Dr. Nolan adheres to David Grusch’s statement that the U.S. government has been lying about UAPs for the last 60-70 years. He believes the reason behind this is that the U.S. government itself does not know what they are dealing with. “Absolutely, there is a cover-up,” says Dr. Nolan. “I mean, there has been both a cover-up and a disinformation campaign to make people appear as if they were crazy.”
Coutlhart questions the potential dangers of admitting one’s thoughts on these mysterious events, to which Dr. Nolan responds, “I think it’s dangerously necessary… ignoring the physics of what these things are capable of doing.” Coutlhart further asks, “Let’s talk about ‘It.’ What is it?”
Dr. Nolan replies, “You know, I wish I knew… Whatever it is appears to be so far advanced from us that it beggars understanding.” When pressed further by Coutlhart if he believes the phenomenon to be of human origin, Dr. Nolan decisively states, “I’m sure it’s not human..I think it’s whatever it is it’s been here a long time so and certainly it’s been here longer than we’ve been civilized so at the very least who really owns the planet who was here first uh I’m not sure it was.”
Dr. Nolan explained he studied the brains of pilots who claimed to have encountered the phenomena. After their UAP/ UFO encounters, they all got damaged or hurt such as buzz noises in their head, got sick, etc. Most of them have had similar kinds of bad things. He showed the MRIs of some people that revealed damage in the middle of the basal ganglia – an area responsible for motor control and other core brain functions, including intuition.
Dr. Nolan said the damage should have killed those people, yet they were alive. He obtained MRIs of some prior to their encounters and they had the damage, so they were most likely born with it. “These are all so-called high-functioning people. They’re pilots who are making split-second decisions, intelligence officers in the field, etc,” he said.
Alleged UFO material
Former Pentagon UFO official Lue Elizondo shared a truly eye-opening statement in his interview with James Iandoli of Engaging The Phenomenon on June 11, 2021. They discussed crash retrievals and materials related to unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs). Elizondo acknowledged the sensitivity of the topic and the potential consequences of discussing it openly.
However, Elizondo expressed his belief that the US government does possess exotic materials but could not provide further details due to the lack of transparency from the government. He mentioned the three layers of analysis that can be conducted on a piece of material, namely physical, chemical, and atomic or nano-level research.
Coulthart asked the Stanford professor about this research on a peculiar material known as Bismuth magnesium. Dr. Nolan described it as a layered substance consisting primarily of bismuth, with traces of lead and magnesium. Despite his assessment of its isotope ratios showing nothing out of the ordinary, he expressed his intent to study a significantly larger sample in the future. This expanded sample size would allow him to conduct more comprehensive tests, potentially shedding light on its properties.
Terahertz Transmistter
Coulthart speculated on the material’s ability to levitate when exposed to a specific waveform. While Nolan acknowledged hearing about such claims, he had not personally witnessed or tested the phenomenon. When pressed by Coulthart about whether he had attempted any experiments, Nolan clarified that the required waveform for levitation would be “Terahertz Waves,” which he had not utilized.
Coulthart highlighted that the U.S. Army possessed the necessary terahertz transmitter for potential experiments with the Bismuth magnesium material. However, Dr. Nolan remained tight-lipped about the specifics, stating he could not discuss whether such research had been conducted.
Coulthart mentioned that Tom Delonge’s To the Stars Academy (TTSA) worked with the U.S. Army to study this material using the right equipment. Coulthart wondered why the U.S. government keeps such materials if stories about flying objects are just made up. Nolan thinks there is a lot of false information out there but believes there might be real materials that we should know about. He wants the government to tell us clearly if those special materials are real or not.
In 2019, Tom DeLonge claimed that his UFO research organization had acquired “potentially exotic materials featuring properties not from any known existing military or commercial application.” “The structure and composition of these materials are not from any known existing military or commercial application,” Steve Justice, TTSA’s COO and former head of Advanced Systems at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works said in a statement. (Source)
According to the press release, some of these materials were in the possession of investigative journalist and UFO researcher Linda Moulton Howe, who, in 2004, gave a presentation at the Xcon Conference regarding these materials. In her lecture, a video of which has been on the Internet for years, she suggests that the material could become a “lifting body” with the right amount of electromagnetic static and certain RF frequency. These are undoubtedly the same materials mentioned byTom DeLonge on his Joe Rogan interviewwhere he stated, “if you hit it with enough terahertz, it’ll float.”
In this video, Dr. David Chester, a scientist from Quantum Gravity Research, makes several references to pulsed terahertz waves. Towards the end, he mentions that pulsed terahertz waves in a metamaterial can slow down the speed of light. He further explains that this is beneficial for anti-gravity engineering. According to him, due to the way everything couples together in the equations, a reduced speed of light requires less energy to achieve the desired anti gravitic effects.
This is some really interesting information on terahertz, thanks to Observing The Anomaly.
AAWSAP commissioned 37 scientific papers that are now public. Someone FOIA’d about UAP materials being studied and DIA responded with 5 of these papers. One paper was on spintronics and another on metamaterials. TTSA bought an alleged sample of Roswell crash material and gave it to the Army to study in 2019. According to Puthoff it appeared to be a metamaterial that acts as a waveguide at the terahertz frequency. The two papers on spintronics and metamaterials also touches on creating materials that operate at this frequency and specifically that such materials would be radiation resistant and ideal for long space travel.
Hal Puthoff also discusses the sample with UFO Joe. Notice the bolded statement below. (Source)
So the answer is, we don’t, yet, really know where it came from. And it’s true that ten years ago Linda Howe provided us with a sample. And we did a lot of tests. Got electron microscope pictures and irradiated it with various gigahertz frequencies, megahertz frequencies and so on. We couldn’t make anything out of it. So it kind of went on the shelf. And it was only after this paper on meta-materials was published, we said, “Oh my gosh. The claim here, that this could have some real utility as microscopic waveguides, would actually fit the structure, you know, that we see there.” Okay, well where do we go with that?
Well, the truth of the matter is, that piece is actually pretty mangled and what you’d really like to do is say, “Okay, well let’s have a nice, clean piece of this, and let’s irradiate with terahertz frequencies, first of all, to see if it really does act as a microscopic waveguide for terahertz frequencies. And then, if that works, we’ll iradiate it with other kinds of fields and see if there are any unexpected responses and so on.” So it is still, despite the fact it gets unbelievable publicity out there, it’s still an absolutely unknown. It does range all the way from…this was a fraud of junk material sent to us, to…no, this came off the wedge of an ET craft.
We don’t know the answer to that, and the only way we are going to get something of value is to determine its properties or maybe reproduce it under nice conditions and determine its properties. So, it is still a giant question mark out there. So even though it’s, you know, it’s like…a few percent of our effort at TTSA, it’s like 99% of our criticisms (laughs). That’s just what you get in this field. That’s the way it goes. Some of us have developed very hard skins. Another question?
Puthoff elaborates further in another interview: (Source)
Well, years later, decades later actually, finally our own science moves along. We move into an area called metamaterials, and it turns out exactly this combination of materials at exactly those dimensions turn out to be an excellent microscopic waveguide for very high frequency electromagnetic radiation terahertz frequencies. So, the wavelength is 60 microns, which is a pretty small size. But it turns out because of the metamaterial aspect of this material, those bismuth layers that act as waveguides can be one twentieth the size of the wavelength, and usually when you make a waveguide it’s gotta be about the size of the wavelength. So, in fact this turned out to be a material that would propagate sub-wavelength waveguide effects. Why somebody wants to do that we still don’t know the answer to that.
Dr. Nolan is said to have a good friendship with Jacques Vallée, Kit Green, Eric Davis, and Colm Kelleher. They all came to him to analyze the UAP materials after he had developed some wonderful instruments using mass spectrometry.
“Some of the objects are nondescript, and just lumps of metal. Mostly, there’s nothing unusual about them except that everywhere you look in the metal, the composition is different, which is odd. It’s what we call inhomogeneous. That’s a fancy way of saying ‘incompletely mixed.’ The common thing about all the materials that I’ve looked at so far, and there’s about a dozen, is that almost none of them are uniform. They’re all these hodgepodge mixtures. Each individual case will be composed of a similar set of elements, but they will be inhomogeneous,” he explained.
Dr. Nolan found out that some of the fragments from the so-called UFO crash in Brazil have extraordinarily altered isotope ratios of magnesium. He explained:
“It was interesting because another piece from the same event was analyzed in the same instrument at the same time. This is an extraordinarily sensitive instrument called a nanoSIMS – Secondary Ion Mass Spec. It had perfectly correct isotope ratios for what you would expect for magnesium found anywhere on Earth. Meanwhile, the other one was just way off. Like 30 percent off the ratios. The problem is there’s no good reason humans have for altering the isotope ratios of a simple metal like magnesium. There’s no different properties of the different isotopes, that anybody, at least in any of the literature that is public of the hundreds of thousands of papers published, that says this is why you would do that. Now you can do it. It’s a little expensive to do, but you’d have no reason for doing it.”
Dr. Vallée collected purported metal from the UFO cases dated back to 1947 and brought them to Stanford University for analysis. Dr. Gary Nolan, a Stanford microbiologist analyzed the 3-D atomic structure of the unknown metal with a state-of-the-art Multiparameter Ion Beam Imager (MIBI) capable of discerning the precise composition of matter at the level of its isotopes.
The result might be shocking for non-believers, as when he put the sample in the vacuum chamber of the machine, he found out that their composition was unlike any other known metal on Earth.
“If you’re talking about an advanced material from an advanced civilization you’re talking about something that I’ll just call it an ultra material right it’s something which has properties where somebody is putting it together again at the atomic scale so we’re building our world with 80 elements somebody else is building the world with 253 different isotopes,” Dr. Nolan said.
Could humans be altering the isotopes in these strange objects for unknown purposes? Dr. Nolan speculates that it is possible, but proving it requires getting down to the atomic level, possibly with a super quantum interference device (SQUID). However, neither his budget nor the budgets of the groups analyzing UFO/UAP encounters have that kind of funding yet.
In the vast and enigmatic territory of the former Soviet Union, a series of chilling encounters with unidentified flying objects (UFOs) unfolded, shrouded in as much secrecy as the regime itself. These sightings and incidents, once buried in classified files, have slowly come to light, revealing a narrative as intriguing as it is unsettling.
The Iron Curtain’s Mysterious Visitors
Spanning over the 20th century, the Soviet Union’s skies were a hotspot for UFO sightings. Unlike the open discussions and sensationalism in the West, the Soviet regime maintained a notorious veil of secrecy. This silence was not just a matter of state security but also a reflection of the Cold War’s tension-filled atmosphere, where information was a prized asset.
The Tunguska of UFO Incidents: The Dalnegorsk Crash
On January 29, 1986, the small mining town of Dalnegorsk was thrust into the UFO spotlight. A fireball streaked across the sky, crashing into a nearby mountain and leaving a trail of mystery in its wake. Witnesses were astounded, and the incident quickly gained international attention as the “Russian Roswell.” Investigators discovered a crater surrounded by strange metallic beads with properties that baffled even the top Soviet scientists. These beads exhibited anti-gravitational characteristics and a composition unlike any known material, igniting speculation about extraterrestrial origins.
The Dyatlov Pass Mystery: A Deadly Encounter?
One of the most haunting tales from Soviet UFO lore is the Dyatlov Pass incident. In 1959, nine experienced hikers embarked on a journey through the Ural Mountains only to meet a tragic and unexplainable fate. Their tent was found torn open from the inside, and their bodies were discovered under mysterious and violent circumstances. The official explanation of hypothermia did little to quell rumors of alien encounters, especially when reports of strange lights and high levels of radiation were introduced into the narrative.
The Secret Files and the Quest for Transparency
As the iron grip of the Soviet regime loosened under Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of glasnost and perestroika, more information began to surface. Secret files and reports were slowly released, revealing decades of hidden encounters and investigations. These documents detailed not only sightings but also the government’s attempts to understand and perhaps harness the technology behind these mysterious visitors.
The Global Implications of Soviet UFO Incidents
The Soviet Union’s UFO encounters were not isolated events. They reflected a global pattern of sightings, particularly around military and nuclear facilities. Incidents like the one in 1982 at a nuclear missile base in Ukraine, where unidentified crafts reportedly tampered with missile launch systems, echoed similar occurrences in the United States. These alarming events led to speculation about the intentions and capabilities of the beings behind these crafts. Were they here to warn, observe, or intervene?
Beyond the Secrecy: A Legacy of Questions
The dissolution of the Soviet Union opened the floodgates for information, but with it came more questions than answers. The legacy of the Soviet UFO sightings is a complex web of fear, curiosity, and intrigue. It challenges us to look beyond the political and ideological divides and consider the broader implications of these encounters. What were the Soviet authorities hiding, and why? How does this fit into the global narrative of UFOs and extraterrestrial life?
As we continue to sift through the remnants of the Soviet Union’s UFO files, we are reminded of the vastness of our universe and the potential for mysteries that lie beyond our understanding. The Soviet UFO chronicles are not just tales of the past; they are ongoing puzzles that challenge us to keep looking up at the sky and questioning what might be out there.
De Hubble Space Telescope heeft de afbeelding vrijgegeven van het heldere spiraalvormige sterrenstelsel dat bekend staat als MCG-01-24-014, dat een zeer interessante eigenschap vertoont.
Dit sterrenstelsel bevindt zich op een ongelooflijke afstand van ongeveer 275 miljoen lichtjaar van de aarde en heeft een zeer intense helderheid. MCG-01-24-014 wordt geclassificeerd als een Seyfert Galaxy of Type-2, omdat het wordt gekenmerkt door een goed gedefinieerde spiraal en een zeer energieke kern genaamd ‘actieve galactische kern (AGN)’ heeft.
Seyfert-galaxies herbergen, samen met quasars, een veelvoorkomende klasse van actieve galactische kernen, waarbij Seyfert de neiging heeft dichterbij te zijn en een kern te hebben die de helderheid van het gaststerrenstelsel niet overstraalt, terwijl quasars verre AGN’s zijn met intense helderheden die hun gaststerrenstelsels overtreffen.
Hubble Telescoop onthult intrigerend fenomeen in de ringen van Saturnus
Hubble Telescoop onthult intrigerend fenomeen in de ringen van Saturnus
Hubble Telescoop onthult intrigerend fenomeen in de ringen van Saturnus (NASA, ESA, STScI, Amy Simon (NASA-GSFC))
De Hubble Space Telescope heeft een bijzondere afbeelding van Saturnus onthuld, gemaakt in oktober 2023, die een intrigerend fenomeen genaamd “spokes” (spaken in het Engels) laat zien.
Deze spaken werden waargenomen toen de planeet meer dan 1,3 miljard kilometer van de aarde verwijderd was, en het heldere zicht van de Hubble toonde structuren die samen met de ringen van Saturnus draaiden en slechts voor twee of drie omwentelingen rond de planeet bleven bestaan.
Sinds hun ontdekking in 1981 door de Voyager 2-sonde zijn de spaken van Saturnus bestudeerd, en nu documenteert het Outer Planets Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) -programma van de Hubble hun seizoenscyclus, wat suggereert dat hun frequentie verband houdt met de seizoenen van de planeet en de interactie van de zon met zijn magnetisch veld.
A MYSTERIOUS triangular craft zipped across the sky over a military base and, as astonished Ministry of Defence police looked on, aimed a search light at the ground below.
The incredible sighting above Cosford RAF Base in Shropshire on March 31, 1993, was one of hundreds reported across the UK by members of the public, police officers and military personnel over a two day period.
A UFO sighting over Cosford RAF Base in Shropshire in 1993 was one of hundreds reported over a two day period
Credit: facebook/Royal Air Force Cosford
Nick Pope is former head of the MoD's UFO research programme
Credit: Chris Loomis / National Geographic
Thirty years on the Cosford Incident, as it came to be known, remains unexplained.
For Nick Pope, then head of the MoD’s UFO research programme, it proved an intriguing mystery.
He tells The Sun there was a “spooky postscript” that linked the sightings to similar events in Belgium.
“There was a wave of sightings over a period of about six hours on March 30th and 31st, 1993, involving a vast triangular shaped craft that was capable of moving from very slow speeds of 30-40mph to high Mach speeds in an instant,” he recalls.
“At that acceleration, the G forces would kill a human pilot, and yet there was no sonic boom reported.
“Some of the witnesses heard an unpleasant, low frequency humming sound that they could feel as well as hear.
“One witness saw it fire a narrow beam of light down at the ground, tracking backwards and forwards as if it was looking for something.
“A small cluster of sightings at 1.10am turned out to be a Russian rocket re-entering the Earth's atmosphere, but that would only result in a high altitude firework display, so there was something else going on.
A huge triangular shaped UFO over Belgium (pictured) bore resemblance to that spotted over Cosford RAF base
“We investigated and drew a complete blank.
“All the time I was doing my investigation, there was something niggling away at the back of my mind that I couldn't put my finger on. I knew I was missing something.
“Weeks later, a light bulb went off and I realised it’s the date. On March 30 and 31, three years earlier, there was a wave of sightings, again of a huge triangular shaped UFO over Belgium.
“The Belgians scrambled two F16 fighters to try and intercept this thing, which the airborne radar locked onto, but the UFO kept breaking the lock. It was playing cat and mouse with them.”
'More than coincidence'
The Chief of Staff of the Belgian Air Force, General Wilfried de Brouwer, personally investigated the UFO and ruled out stealth aircraft from other military powers, including the US.
“The official position of the Belgian government is that these sightings remained unknown,” says Nick.
“The unofficial postscript was ‘thank goodness they were friendly, because if they hadn't been there was nothing we could have done’.”
Nick believes the matching dates are more than coincidental.
“Every now and then the phenomenon of UFOs does that to you,” he says. “It's almost like it’s toying with you.”
The unofficial postscript was ‘thank goodness they were friendly, because if they hadn't been there was nothing we could have done’
Nick Pope, Former Head Of The MoD’s UFO Research Programme
As well as being taken seriously by the UK intelligence departments, Nick believes the sightings would have been among the global incidents that were investigated by the Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Programme (AATIP).
The top secret £17.5million unit, which ran between 2007 and 2012, features in the first episode of National Geographic’s new documentary series UFOs: Investigating The Unknown.
Through the testimony of first hand witnesses, the five part series looks into five decades of US government secrecy around the subject.
It includes the notorious secret desert base Area 51, and the unexplained malfunction of U.S. nuclear missiles after a sighting nearby.
'Tic Tac' incident
US Commander David Fravor reported seeing a 'Tic Tac' shaped UFO off the coast of Southern California in 2004Credit: ABC
A UFO similar to the infamous 'Tic Tac' seen by US Navy pilots, spotted over the UK hovering over Leicestershire in 2021
Credit: Lucy Jane Castle
The opening episode includes intriguing footage of a “Tic Tac” shape spotted by two RAF pilots off the coast of Southern California in 2004.
Lt Commander Alex Dietrich and Commander David Fravor recall seeing a “churning” on the surface of the ocean as an unidentified object hovered over the water and then shot upwards at astonishing speeds.
Commander Fravor describes it as a “long cylindrical white object, with rounded ends, roughly 40 feet long, that looked like a giant Tic Tac. It was pure white. It had no windows, no wings, no visual signs of propulsion”.
He says the object was changing direction rapidly, like a “ping pong ball bouncing off a wall”.
Former US Army Counterintelligence agent Luis Elizondo reveals the ‘Tic Tac’ was travelling at speeds unachievable in the SR71 - the fastest US jet of all time - but was able to change direction in an instant.
“We fly the SR71 at 3,200mph and if you want to turn that takes over half the state of Ohio to do it,” he says.
“But these can turn instantly. And we’re not talking about 3,200mph, they have been recorded at 13,000mph. The question arises, how is that possible?”
Luis Elizondo worked in the AATIP programme until it ended in 2012Credit: Alamy
Elizonda - who worked in the AATIP programme until it ended in 2012 - became increasingly frustrated with the government’s refusal to take sightings seriously.
He eventually resigned from the Department of Defence in 2017, over “excessive secrecy and internal opposition". In his resignation letter, he warned that “ignoring these threats is not in the best interest of the Department”.
Nick, who ran the UK equivalent of the AATIP programme from 1990 to 1994, says the secrecy of governments around the issue stems from “embarrassment”.
“The US government portrays itself as the world's preeminent superpower, so to acknowledge that there are things in their airspace, whatever they are, that are faster and more manoeuvrable and run rings around fast jets doesn't play very well,” he says.
“So there’s the embarrassment factor, and maybe a little bit of fear that either an adversary has made a quantum leap in development, which has left the US in a poor second place, or, as some believe, this really is extra terrestrial, in which case we're not at the top of the food chain anymore."
'Secretive'
He adds that the UK government is "just as secretive".
"Even when the Ministry of Defence had its programme, we consistently downplayed both our involvement and the phenomenon itself," Nick explains.
"We dismissed it as being of little or no defence significance and routinely sent out letters to the public saying, ‘We glance at these reports to see if there's anything of defence interest, but we don't do much else.’
"But behind closed doors, there were highly classified intelligence assessments, trying to figure out if it could be Russia or China or something truly exotic.”
The Pentagon's top secret £17.5m Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Programme (AATIP) ran between 2007 and 2012Credit: Getty
The existence of the US programme was exposed by Elizondo after he quit, leading to demands for its reinstatement and more transparency from the government.
“It was embarrassing for them because publicly, they said for years that we don't have a programme anymore,” says Nick.
“Since a programme called Project Blue Book closed in 1969, they had denied there was any interest in UFOs or AUPs - unidentified aerial phenomena - as they were renamed.
“Then suddenly, it was revealed that not only did the Pentagon have this shadowy programme called AATIP, but the US Navy had been routinely encountering these things for years and had got some on camera.
“Arguably, the US government was caught in a lie.”
In 2020 the US set up the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) which, earlier this month, reported to Congress that it was reviewing 650 incidents, but that there is no evidence that any of them are of extra-terrestrial origin.
'Game-changer'
A suspected Chinese spy balloon was shot down off the coast of South Carolina in FebruaryCredit: Reuters
Nick believes the shooting down of a Chinese “spy balloon” off the coast of South Carolina earlier this year is a game-changer for the military's approach to UAPs.
“I think it both helps and hinders,” he says.
“Balloon sounds very low tech, but this was carrying immensely sophisticated, insidious signals intelligence equipment which, according to assessments released by the State Department, was attempting to hack into secure US military communication systems.
"But these things are very slow so nobody supposes spy balloons are the same things, for example, as we see in the 2004 Navy videos.
“Some UFOs will turn out to be spy balloons, but that has blurred the lines and may be taking people's eye off the ball.
“But where it's helped, immensely, is for years the military have had this conventional, one-dimensional view of monitoring airspace.
“They have filters on their radars and if it doesn't behave like an aircraft, they're not interested.
"They missed the spy balloon, which was spotted by members of the public, and the government only got involved when it made a local news station.
“As a result of that they changed the filters and they're picking up a lot more, so it's going to be interesting.”
'200 sightings a year in UK'
During his time at the MoD Nick says he dealt with around 200 sightings a year in the UK.
Of those, 80 per cent were easily explained, 15 per cent were lacking the information or evidence to investigate, and only five per cent were “weird, genuinely unexplained”.
“Typically they were sightings from pilots, police officers, military personnel, tracked on radar or where we had good photos or videos that intelligence analysts looked at and couldn't come up with a conventional explanation," he adds.
The UK programme closed in 2009 - but Nick now believes we are lagging behind the US.
“In the US there has been a 180 degree flipping of the narrative from fringe to mainstream,” he says.
“Five years ago this was all crazy conspiracy theories, sci-fi fantasy; now it’s discussed in Congress and NASA's doing a study. So at some level this is out in the open.
Five years ago this was all crazy conspiracy theories, sci-fi fantasy; now it’s discussed in Congress and NASA's doing a study... the UK is still playing catch up. We need to up our game
Nick Pope
“But the UK is still playing catch up. We need to up our game because this is a global phenomenon and whatever we're dealing with doesn't just fly in the US. There are sightings all around the world, and many in the UK.”
While UFOs and extra-terrestrials conjure up images of little green men with domed heads and huge eyes, Nick believes that if a spaceship ever lands, we’d be in for a surprise when we looked inside.
“Almost certainly we would find AI, not an alien,” he says.
“Even if they could work around the apparent barrier of lightspeed, the impact of micro meteors and gamma ray bursts means interstellar travel for biological life forms is very difficult.
“But even here we are on the verge of creating sentient AI, so imagine what a civilization with a million years' head start has probably achieved.
“I think there would be a secure radiation-proof metal box or sphere and deep inside that would be sentient AI.
Even here we are on the verge of creating sentient AI, so imagine what a civilization with a million years' head start has probably achieved
Nick Pope
“They would be coming here, hopefully, as scientists, explorers and anthropologists or even tourists - and not as conquerors.”
Nick remains “undecided” on whether the UFO reports are evidence of extra-terrestrial activity, but believes there is life on other planets.
“We don't yet have a smoking gun but we have a lot of interesting material,” he says.
“I'm 100 per cent convinced there's life out there in the universe, and not just life but other civilizations.
“As to whether we're being visited, I don't know. But I hope so.
"Of all the explanations, it would be the most interesting. And let's face it, the world would be a more fun place with aliens in it than without.”
UFOs: Investigating The Unknown premiers on Tuesday 2nd May at 8pm on National Geographic UK
On September 15, 1950, a remarkable interview took place in Washington, D.C., but it remained classified until the early 1980s, when Canadian UFO researcher Arthur Bray discovered a memo written by Canadian engineer Wilbert B. Smith that discussed an alleged UFO crash rumor confirmed by a former student of Einstein, Dr. Robert Irving Sarbacher.
Dr. Sarbacher (1907-1986) was a preeminent scientist. He went to Harvard and was Dean of the Graduate School, Director of Research at Wedd Laboratories, a successful inventor, and a Scientific Consultant to the U.S. Marines and government agencies. He was also connected to the Joint Research and Development Board (JRDB) of the US Department of Defense. He did a lot of research on rockets that could be controlled from a distance. Later, he would start the Washington Institute of Technology. (Source)
In the 1980s, Dr. Sarbacher confirmed several facts about UFOs and ET to researchers William Steinman, Stan Freidman, Jerry Clark, and William Moore. He said that he had been officially told about the crash of an extraterrestrial craft in the Southwest in the early 1950s. This crash may have been the Roswell UFO crash, or it may have happened at a different time. (Source)
He confirmed to them (as well as to Wilbert Smith three decades before) that the issue was classified as more important than the development of the Atom Bomb. According to him, the debris was both incredibly light and highly durable. He understood that the aliens were lightweight and constructed somewhat like insects. He stated that a limited group of individuals, including Von Braun, Vannevar Bush, Oppenheimer, and Eric Walker, were likely involved in the crash debris analysis. They were unsuccessful in their attempts to reverse-engineer the technology.
Back in 1983, William Steinman, the author of the book “UFO Crash: Aztec, New Mexico, March 1948,” wanted to talk to Sarbacher about UFOs and dead aliens. He tried to get in touch with him and start a conversation. Steinman received a reply from Sarbacher in an amazing way. Sarbacher wrote him the following in a letter: (Source)
“Dear Mr. Steinman: I am sorry I have taken so long in answering your letters. However, I have moved my office and have had to make a number of extended trips. To answer your last question in your letter of October 14, 1983, there is no particular reason I feel I shouldn’t or couldn’t answer any and all of your questions. I am delighted to answer all of them to the best of my ability. You listed some of your questions in your letter of September 12th. I will attempt to answer them as you had listed them.
1. Relating to my own experience regarding recovered flying saucers, I had no association with any of the people involved in the recovery and have no knowledge regarding the dates of the recoveries. If I had I would send it to you.
2. Regarding verification that persons you list were involved, I can say only this: John von Neuman was definitely involved. Dr. Vannevar Bush was definitely involved, and I think Dr. Robert Oppenheimer also.
My association with the Research and Development Board under Doctor Compton during the Eisenhower administration was rather limited. o although I had been invited to participate in several discussions associated with the reported recoveries, I could not personally attend the meetings. I am sure that they would have asked Dr. von Braun, and the others that you listed were probably asked and may or may not have attended. This is all I know for sure.
3. I did receive some official reports when I was in my office at the Pentagon but all of these were left there as at the time we were never supposed to take them out of the office. 4. I do not recall receiving any photographs such as your request so I am not in a position to answer. 5. I have to make the same reply as on No. 4.
I recall the interview with Dr. Brenner of the Canadian Embassy. I think the answers I gave him were the ones you listed. Naturally, I was more familiar with the subject matter under discussion, at that time. Actually, I would have been able to give more specific answers had I attended the meetings concerning the subject. You must understand that I took this assignment as a private contribution. We were called “dollar-a-year men. My first responsibility was the maintenance of my own business activity so that my participation was limited.
About the only thing I remember at this time is that certain materials reported to have come from flying saucer crashes were extremely light and very tough. I am sure our laboratories analyzed them very carefully.
There were reports that instruments or people operating these machines were also of very light weight, sufficient to withstand the tremendous deceleration and acceleration associated with their machinery. I remember in talking with some of the people at the office that I got the impression these “aliens” were constructed like certain insects we have observed on earth, wherein because of the low mass the inertial forces involved in operation of these instruments would be quite low.
I still do not know why the high order of classification has been given and why the denial of the existence of these devices. I am sorry it has taken me so long to reply but I suggest you get in touch with the others who may be directly involved in this program.”
According to UFO researcher Anthony Bragalia, researcher D.M. Duncan located Sarbacher’s son, Robert Sarbacher Jr., living in Texas. Duncan had a revealing dialogue with Sarbacher. It turned out that the younger Sarbacher had once questioned his father about the UFO phenomena. His father spoke sparingly about the saucer subject. (Source)
Sarbacher Jr. said of his father: “He knew that they were real for the obvious reason that they would be going 600 mph and then make a direct 90-degree turn in mid-air without slowing down… separated from all inertia and gravity. Dad said that the reason he was called in was to build the right kind of missile to track these things since they were way too fast for any of our planes to catch. They wanted the missile to not destroy any of the UFOs, but to be able to track them. So Dad had cameras installed (like on the V-2 rockets) so when the UFO comes into our air space we would shoot missiles at them with cameras on them, since only a missile could keep up with the speed turns.”
Stunned at the revelation, Duncan wanted to clarify this, and Sarbacher’s son replied, “Yes, exactly to track UFOs, or rather to photograph and watch them… When he first told me about the missiles… the first thing I thought was, what? You were trying to destroy them? He (Sarbacher Sr.) said very normally and matter of factly, ‘No, we put cameras on the end of them.'”
Sarbacher never changed his story, and he resisted the urge to expound or make assumptions. Everyone who spoke with him was impressed. However, his statement could not be corroborated because all of the people he mentioned had passed away. It was the summer of 1986 when Sarbacher passed away.
A report published Thursday claims a UFO was spotted in the skies above President Joe Biden while he flew into LAX on Air Force One on October 10.
A video shared on social media in December apparently shows a silvery white object flying extremely close to Air Force One as Biden landed in LAX for a fundraiser back in October, according to the Daily Mail. The outlet published several still photographs of the object, which whizzes past the President
The clip was taken by airplane enthusiasts Joshua and Peter Solorzano, who filmed the orb going over at around 10:18am local time while live-streaming on their YouTube channel. The first flies over around the 1:26 mark, and then comes back two more times at 4:38 and 6:58.
Many users noted its resemblance to a UFO which flew over the Middle East in 2022. Footage of the event was released by the Pentagon’s All-Domain Anomaly Resolution office. A report noted the orb had “characteristics and behaviors consistent with other ‘metallic orb’ observations in the region,” but gave little indication to what they actually were.
Another witness, Chris Cullari, apparently saw the object around 12:30pm on the same day while in Culver City, according to Daily Mail. A Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) helicopter circled near the object, Cullari said, and he shared photos with the Daily Mail.
So either this thing is real … or the government wants you to think it is because of all the negative press they’ve been getting about UFO/UAP disclosure in 2023. After a year of promises to reveal the truth about what we know, our lawmakers decided that actually, we don’t get to know what UFOs really are, according to their data and research. If the people who really control our government want us to know something, we’ll know it. But otherwise, we will always be left in the dark.
Once again, the timing on this latest UFO appearance feels alittle too convenient. But that’s just my opinion.
A top-secret probe allegedly uncovered a spate of UFO incidents in the United Kingdom, one of which led to a secret inquiry back in the 1980s that still perplexes experts.
Apparently, UFOs kept popping up on Britain’s ballistic missile early warning system (BMEWS) back in the 80s, leaving the leadership at the Royal Air Force’s Fylingdales base totally confused over what they were seeing, The Sun reported in mid-December.
BMEWS is part of the NORAD missile defense system, which was famed for its ability to track missiles during the Cold War. Around this time, the system was often picking up UFOs, so much so that RAF Group Captain David Todd, a senior duty officer at Fylingdales, ordered a secret inquiry into the phenomenon in the early 80s.
“Unknowns came up on the radars at regular tervals for all sorts of reasons,” Todd told UFO expert David Clarke years later, according to The Sun. “At that time if the radar had sufficient capacity spare, it was told to go track them. That was because we are interested in unknowns and some times we needed to find out what it is, wherine it is and most importantly what it might run into during its orbit such as spy satellites.”
Some of the objects tracked by Todd and his team turned out to be meteors, but some had to be approached with an “open mind,” he noted. But the weirdest thing is that none of the information on the investigation is held in the Ministry of Defense’s official records. It sounds very similar to the Rendlesham UFO incident, which was epically described in this episode of “The Why Files.”
Back in the 80s, American military personnel were plagued by multiple UFOs, which some think was just the British playing a prank on their peers. But some think it could have been the real deal.
It turns out UFOs really like Britain, which is weird because the weather there is really terrible and most of the folks who live there (who I love as my kin) are some of the most closed-minded when it comes to the world outside of our immediate view.
Former head of Great Britain’s Ministry of Defense (MOD) Nick Pope said Friday that many UFO/UAP investigations were stopped in the 1990s over fears of “demonic forces.”
Pope led the MOD from 1991 to 1994, and claimed that the former chief of defense staff Lord Hill-Norton stopped investigating UFO sightings across the country after being told by a priest that these could be demonic entities, according to a Metro interview with Pope. And apparently, similar fears are prevalent within the U.S. government.
“It’s counter-intuitive that some official resistance to taking UAP seriously comes not from hard-nosed science-minded sceptics who think studying the subject is a waste of government time and money, but from a faction that believes UAP are real — but demonic,” Pope told Metro. “This stems in part from a biblical description of Satan as being ‘the prince of the power of the air’ — a quotation from the book of Ephesians.”
Actually, I think Pope is totally wrong on this one. The reason some people think UFOs are demonic entities is largely due to the Book of Enoch, which claims God sent his angels to Earth to protect humans, but eventually the two being interbred and created a violent race of giants. God sent the Great Flood to destroy these offspring, but some say they survived. (RELATED: Harvard Physicist Says The One Thing About UFOs That Should Terrify You)
Other rumors suggest that UFOs/UAPs are actually human, but a far more advanced and spiritual type of human. “The thinking seems to be that if UFOs are some sort of demonic manifestation, engaging with it feeds them, by giving them energy, and should therefore be avoided,” Pope continued in his analysis. “This was likely to have been a factor in something reported by Pentagon UFO investigator Luis Elizondo. He said that when trying to get a senior defence official engaged on the subject, he was rebuffed by the officer, who told him to go and read his bible.”
Whatever these alien-like creatures are, they definitely seem to like the British archipelago. Some of the most intricate and totally unexplainable crop circles have popped up all over the Great British countryside, and one of the most notable UFO incidents in history occurred in Rendlesham Forest in England back in the 1980s.
Human brain-inspired supercomputer will go live soon
Human brain-inspired supercomputer will go live soon
Using just 20 watts of power, the human brain is capable of processing the equivalent of an exaflop — or a billion-billion mathematical operations per second. Now, researchers in Australia are building what will be the world's first supercomputer that can simulate networks at this scale.
DeepSouth supercomputer - the world's first computer designed to emulate the parallel biological neural networks of the human brain itself. Developed by scientists at Western Sydney University's International Centre for Neuromorphic Systems, DeepSouth utilizes breakthrough neuromorphic hardware and software that mimics neurons and synapses to achieve unprecedented efficiency.
The DeepSouth supercomputer distributes processing across a network of bespoke brain-inspired chips, unlike traditional supercomputers based on von Neumann designs.
This enables DeepSouth to carry out a staggering 228 trillion synaptic operations per second, rivaling estimates for the human brain's processing speed. Yet it requires far less space and power than conventional systems.
This new generation of brain-inspired supercomputing not only could make sci-fi applications an everyday reality but even more scary is the fact that they could someday create a cyborg brain vastly more powerful than our own.
The prospect of entities, whether humans or AI (robots), equipped with cyborg brains is becoming increasingly plausible, paving the way for a profound shift in the hierarchy of Earth's dominant species.
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Top 10 Alien and UFO Developments of 2023
Top 10 Alien and UFO Developments of 2023
In 2023, the cosmos seemed closer than ever as humanity witnessed a series of bewildering events that challenge our understanding of the universe and our place within it. From governmental disclosures to scientific revelations, the year was a rollercoaster ride through the unknown corridors of alien and UFO phenomena. Here’s a captivating look at the top 10 alien and UFO developments that left us staring skyward in wonder.
1. Mexican Congress Witnesses ‘Alien Bodies’
In a scene straight out of a sci-fi movie, Mexican journalist Jaime Maan presented what he claimed were mummified alien bodies at Mexico’s first-ever UFO hearing. Discovered in Peru and alleged to be a millennium old, these beings with three fingers and elongated heads sparked a global debate on their origins and authenticity. The DNA analysis, claiming 30% of the DNA was “not from any known species,” only thickened the plot.
2. Pentagon’s Online UFO Reporting Platform
The Pentagon’s All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office made waves by launching an online platform for UFO reporting. This digital initiative aimed to demystify UFO sightings by collecting and disseminating declassified information, marking a significant step towards transparency in a field shrouded in secrecy.
3. NASA’s Skeptical Report
NASA threw cold water on alien enthusiasts’ hopes by releasing a report debunking many UFO sightings as mere technological or human errors. Despite the disappointment, this development reinforced the importance of critical scientific inquiry into the UFO phenomena.
4. UFO Whistleblower Testifies Before Congress
David Grush, a former Air Force Major and Pentagon UAP task force member, turned whistleblower, testified before Congress. His explosive claims of government possession of non-human biologics and a history of cover-ups dating back to World War II reinvigorated public interest and skepticism about governmental transparency on UFO matters.
5. Alien Technical Supremacy Fears
Amidst a flurry of news, a chilling concern emerged: the potential technical supremacy of non-human intelligences. Officials and scientists expressed apprehension about the advanced technological capabilities observed in some UFOs, a worry that resonates with our deepest fears of the unknown.
6. The Debate Over Alien Life
The year saw a philosophical and scientific debate reaching new heights: Is there extraterrestrial life out there? With the vastness of the universe as a backdrop, experts and laypeople alike pondered over the statistical improbability of us being alone.
7. The Spy Balloon Saga and UAP Safety Concerns
A series of Chinese spy balloons over the United States underscored not just geopolitical tensions but also the growing concern over unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) posing a threat to flight safety. This development highlighted the need for better understanding and monitoring of our skies.
8. Harvard’s Interstellar Discovery Claim
Harvard physicist Avi Loeb claimed that fragments from an interstellar meteor might be of alien origin. This controversial assertion from the Galileo Project lead added a scientific layer to the UFO debate, suggesting that we might have already encountered alien technology.
9. UFOs and Government Cover-up Book
Garrett Graff’s book, “UFO: The Inside Story of the US Government’s Search for Alien Life,” delved into decades of public and private research, suggesting that the government might be hiding its ignorance rather than the existence of aliens. This perspective offered a fresh take on the age-old debate over governmental secrecy.
10. UAP Disclosure Act
As the year ended, the senate passed the UAP Disclosure Act. This legislation mandated the National Archives to collect and release records on UAPs, promising a future where more information might flow from the shadows of secrecy into the public domain.
In 2023, our quest for understanding the unknown leaped forward with these developments. Each revelation, each declassified document, and each testimony added layers to our understanding of UFOs and alien life. As we stand on this threshold of discovery, one thing is clear: the universe is far more mysterious and complex than we ever imagined, and our journey to unravel its secrets has just begun. So, let’s keep looking up; the next chapter in this cosmic saga is just a starry night away.
Blue Origin’s New Shepard Completes 24th Flight; New Glenn Hopefully on the Horizon
Blue Origin’s New Shepard rocket successfully launched and landed today at the company’s Launch Site One in West Texas, with an uncrewed science and goodwill payload onboard. This was the 24th New Shepard flight and 13th payload mission today from Launch Site One in West Texas.
This marked the first flight since September of 2022 when the uncrewed NS-23’s booster suffered an in-flight anomaly; however, the escape system jettisoned the capsule, which was able to land safely. With the success of NS-24, Blue Origin hopes to soon restart its commercial passenger flights.
“We look forward to flying our next crewed flight soon,” said Erika Wagner, senior director of emerging market development for Blue Origin, at the end of the launch broadcast. Watch the liftoff and landing below.
Liftoff occurred at 10:43 Central Time, with the capsule reaching about 106 km (66 miles) at its highest point. The 33 science experiments on board experienced about three minutes of microgravity before the capsule safely touched down under three parachutes — with a retrorocket to cushion the landing — approximately 10 minutes after launch.
The rocket booster touched down vertically about seven minutes after launch, on a landing pad 3.2km north of the launch pad.
The first launch attempt for the mission was scrubbed on Monday due to a ground system issue. But today’s countdown and launch went smoothly.
The payloads on board included research from NASA, academia, research institutions, and commercial companies, as well as student experiments from classrooms in Maine, New Mexico, and Kansas. New Origin said New Shepard has now flown more than 150 payloads to space. Also on board were about 38,000 postcards as part the company’s Postcards to Space program. Each postcard will be returned to its creator stamped “Flown to Space.” To send a postcard on future mission, see the company’s Club for the Future website.
“A special thank you to all of our customers who flew important science today and the students who contributed postcards to advance our future of living and working in space for the benefit of Earth,” said Phil Joyce, Senior Vice President, New Shepard, in a press release. “Demand for New Shepard flights continues to grow and we’re looking forward to increasing our flight cadence in 2024.”
When will New Glenn fly?
Meanwhile, Blue Origin is hoping to finally deliver on their next big project, the massive New Glenn rocket which will be capable of bringing satellites and other large payloads to orbit and beyond. But the rocket is years behind schedule. Initially, Jeff Bezos said that New Glenn would be ready to launch by 2020, but the latest estimate is that the first launch is expected to take place no earlier than August 2024.
NASA and Blue Origin announced in February 2023 that the first launch of New Glenn will carry NASA’s EscaPADE spacecraft to Mars. The Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers mission is a small planetary science mission that will use two spacecraft to measure plasma and magnetic fields around the Mars. With simultaneous observations from two locations in orbit, scientists hope to learn more about the processes that strip away atoms from the magnetosphere and upper atmosphere on the Red Planet.
In rocketry, size definitely matters. Image: Blue Origin
But if New Glenn can’t get off the ground by late 2024, it will miss the launch Mars launch window, and the mission will have to be delayed until 2026. Mars launch windows typically come every 26 months. ESCAPADE was originally scheduled to launch as a secondary payload NASA’s Psyche mission which blasted off on a Falcon Heavy rocket in October, but NASA removed ESCAPADE from the launch because it would not provide the mission with the proper trajectory.
A quarter century ago, physicist Juan Maldacena proposed the AdS/CFT correspondence, an intriguing holographic connection between gravity in a three-dimensional universe and quantum physics on the universe’s two-dimensional boundary. This correspondence is at this stage, even a quarter century after Maldacena’s discovery, just a conjecture. A statement about the nature of the universe that seems to be true, but one that has not yet been proven to actually reflect the reality that we live in. And what’s more, it only has limited utility and application to the real universe.
Still, even the mere appearance of the correspondence is more than suggestive. It’s telling that there is something deeply fundamental to the hologram, that the physics of the volume of the universe might just translate to the physics on the surface, and that there is more to be learned there.
It’s one thing to cast problems of physics in a new language, even a new set of dimensions, to make them easier to solve. After all, physics abounds with such mathematical tricks and games that practitioners employ to solve challenging problems and move on to the next one. But the AdS/CFT correspondence, and the more general holographic principle that it represents, is so much more than a mathematical curiosity.
Remember that the essential goal here is to describe gravity, which for centuries we believed to be just another force of nature, just one more interaction that entities in the cosmos can use to interact with each other. But gravity does stand alone and unique among all the forces, even beyond its quantum intractability. Gravity is the only force emitted and felt by every single entity in the cosmos. Anything with mass, anything with energy, creates a gravitational influence around it. And so too does anything with mass, anything with energy, anything with what we call existence respond to that gravitational influence.
Kepler was right to discern something special about the motions of the heavenly objects and connect those motions to our lives here on Earth. Newton was right to label it a force, a set of invisible strings that connect all of creation. Einstein was right to cast gravity not in terms of pushes and pulls, but in terms of the very fabric of spacetime itself.
The holographic principle, whether applied to the surface of a black hole and its mysterious contents or the relationship between string theory and quantum physics, is also telling us something meaningful about gravity. But Einstein already taught us what gravity is, it’s no mere force, but the natural response we living entities experience when we encounter the bends and wrinkles of spacetime.
Gravity is the spacetime playground that we all exist within. Another name for general relativity is geometrodynamics – the dynamics of geometry itself. Gravity is space and time and matter and energy all rolled into one breathing, vibrant system. What we call the universe is simply the container for all that activity, all the breadth fo space and depth of time and complexity that fills it.
We have failed to find a quantized theory of gravity. We have no description of what truly happens at the boundary of a black hole. But we have learned in our quantum wanderings that physical, three-dimensional entities are not exactly what they appear to be. Indeed, they are shallower: black holes may truly be described only by their surfaces, their boundaries, their edges, rather than their full extents.
And when we apply this same chain of reasoning, that holography is a vital component to the quantum gravitational puzzle, out comes the AdS/CFT correspondence and a potential path to string theory glory.
We Just had the Strongest Solar Flare in the Current Solar Cycle
On December 14th, at 12:02 PM Eastern (09:02 AM Pacific), the Sun unleashed a massive solar flare. According to the Space Weather Prediction Center, part of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this was the strongest flare of Solar Cycle 25, which began in 2019 and will continue until 2030. What’s more, scientists at the SWPC estimate that this may be one of the most powerful solar flares recorded since 1755 when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began.
Solar flares occur in the Sun’s active regions, and activity varies over an 11-year solar cycle. This phenomenon is believed to result from stored magnetic energy in the Sun’s atmosphere accelerating charged particles in the surrounding plasma. These flares release radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum and are often accompanied by Coronal Mass Ejections (CME) and other solar phenomena. According to the SWPC, this recent flare may have triggered an Earth-bound CME, which they are currently analyzing.
The SWPC reported the largest solar flare of Solar Cycle 25. Credit: SWPC-NOAA
The SWPC also localized the flare to Region 3514, located over the far northwest area of the Sun. The flare caused interference with radio communications on Thursday, December 14th, between 12:00 PM to 02:00 PM EST (09:00 AM to 11:00 AM PST). According to the National Weather Service (NWS), Center Weather Service Units (CWSU) from the Eastern Seaboard to the Midwest reported interference with aircraft communications. The SWPC recommends that people continue to monitor their web page for the latest information and updates on the CME.
President Joe Biden’s December visit to Tinseltown for a campaign fundraiser had been caused such a hullaballoo even aliens may have wanted to see what all the fuss was about!
Planespotters caught a UFO on camera hovering above Air Force 1 in Los Angeles during Biden's December 10 trip, DailyMail.com can reveal.
The spherical white or silver object was filmed several times over LAX airport and spotted by multiple witnesses.
Explanations range from a mere balloon, to an alien probe searching for intelligent life. Either way it appeared to give up on the President’s entourage after less than an hour.
The object caused a stir on social media due to its resemblance to ‘metallic orb’ UFOs caught on camera by Reaper drones in the Middle East and studied by the government’s official UFO office – while skeptics dismissed this case as having a mundane explanation.
Airplane enthusiasts Joshua and Peter Solorzano were filming at LAX airport on Sunday December 10, hoping to catch Air Force 1.
They were delighted to catch on camera two F-35 fighter jets patrolling the skies enforcing a Temporary Flight Restriction for the Commander-in-Chief, and even filmed them being refueled mid-air by a KC-10 tanker aircraft.
A UFO was caught on camera hovering in the sky above Air Force 1 last week. It was captured by airplane enthusiasts Joshua and Peter Solorzano on their Youtube channel LA Flights
The white or silver orb was likened to those seen by Reaper drones in the Middle East and appeared three times in just under an hour
But at 10.18am while running their livestream for their popular YouTube channel LA Flights, they spotted a white sphere zooming across the screen.
Three minutes later the object appeared again flitting across the top right of the camera view as it trained on the KC-10.
The object appeared a third time at 11.08am directly over cameraman Joshua Solorzano.
He can be heard on the livestream saying: ‘It’s directly above us. It is moving, it’s not a star. I’m telling you they’re flying in from the ocean. Very strange right now.’
Joshua said he thought it was a balloon, but Peter referred to it as a ‘UAP’ – the government’s preferred term for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena.
The two joked that the Secret Service would soon be bearing down on them to confiscate the spooky footage.
Chris Cullari, a 37-year-old screenwriter from the Palms neighborhood of Los Angeles, saw what appeared to be the same object at around 12.30pm that day, while he was walking through Culver City to catch a train.
Biden and the First Lady stepped off Air Force 1 following a funding blitz across L.A.
A white sphere was spotted zooming across the screen at around 10.28am, minutes later the object appeared again flitting across the top right of the camera view as it trained on the KC-10
‘I didn’t see it move. I watched it for about 15 minutes to see if it zipped off or anything and it just floated,’ he said.
Cullari, who hosts a podcast called Scared All the Time, added that he also saw an LAPD helicopter circling near the object, and shared photos of the UFO with DailyMail.com, timestamped 12.36pm that day.
‘It just looked like a distant white orb. The fact that it was stationary drew my attention,’ he said. ‘And the fact that there was an LAPD helicopter circling drew my attention. But from where I was, I couldn't tell if the chopper was circling because of the object or something on the ground.’
Movie director Robert Wood, 44, said he was walking his dog in North Hollywood between 12.30pm and 1pm when he saw a white sphere move across the sky and disappear out of sight behind some buildings.
‘It was a solid white spherical object, traveling north towards Burbank Airport,’ he told DailyMail.com.
‘It caught my attention because it was quite large and white against the blue of the sky. It was moving quite rapidly, not darting, but moving as fast as a plane would appear to move across the sky.
‘It could have been a balloon, or something else. I’m really not sure.’
The silver orb filmed by the Solorzanos resembles UFOs caught on Reaper drone cameras in the Middle East, published this year by the government’s UFO investigation office AARO.
Biden travelled to LA in an attempt to give his reelection bid a boost
Other witnesses stated the object appeared to be headed north towards Burbank Airport
Eye witness Chris Cullari said he also saw an LAPD helicopter circling near the object
In testimony to the Senate in April, then-AARO director Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick showed some of the ‘metallic orb’ footage and revealed statistics showing that 34% of ‘Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena’ (the government’s term for UFOs) are spherical or orb-shaped.
Since the release of the footage, filmed by an MQ-9 Reaper drone on July 12 2022, researchers have sought to explain it.
The group then used the satellite data to estimate the object’s diameter as likely less than one-and-a-half feet.
They concluded it was possibly a balloon coated in silvery, reflective material called mylar, released amid 'Eid al-Adha,' the second and largest religious holiday celebrated in the Muslim world.
Author Mick West, who has become renowned as a UFO debunker, reviewed the Los Angeles orb footage for DailyMail.com and said his best guess was a balloon.
‘That’s what AARO would call a “balloon-like entity”,’ he said. ‘It looks like a balloon and moves like a balloon, but as it’s in the LIZ [low information zone], you can’t prove it’s a balloon.’
The object was filmed in the skies above LAX airport and experts say they cannot definitively state it was a balloon due to its position within the low information zone
West said that the object’s apparent motion in the video is likely an illusion, due to it being closer to the camera than the fast-moving plane in the background.
‘It appears to be a white object, not moving in the air, just moving with the wind, so zero airspeed,’ he said. ‘There’s nothing to suggest it’s not a balloon – you just can’t prove it.’
Los Angeles weather data for December 10 gave a wind speed measured at approximately 30ft elevation, of between 8mph and 10mph in the morning and early afternoon.
The wind direction was north between 10am and 1pm, according to the data from weatherspark.com.
Balloons flying in sensitive airspace became a national focus in February this year, when alleged Chinese spy balloons were shot down over the United States.
One balloon entered US airspace on 28 January and was shot down by an F-22 Raptor on 4 February off the coast of South Carolina after passing over US nuclear missile sites, including the Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana.
Top-secret intelligence documents allegedly leaked by Massachusetts Air National Guardsman Jack Teixeira revealed that U.S. intelligence agencies were aware of up to four more Chinese spy balloons.
Enceladus’ Surface May Contain Relatively High Abundances of Pristine Organic Material
Enceladus’ Surface May Contain Relatively High Abundances of Pristine Organic Material
Enceladus, the sixth-biggest moon of Saturn, presents a remarkable opportunity in our Solar System for searching for evidence of extraterrestrial life, given its habitable ocean and plume that deposits organic-bearing ocean material onto the surface. Organic ocean material could be sampled by a lander mission at Enceladus. It is of interest to understand the amount of relatively pristine, unaltered organics present on the surface, given the ultraviolet and plasma environment.
Enceladus’ tiger stripes are known to be spewing ice from the moon’s icy interior into space, creating a cloud of fine ice particles over the moon’s south pole and creating Saturn’s mysterious E-ring. Evidence for this has come from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft that orbited Saturn from 2004 to 2017. Pictured here, a high resolution image of Enceladus is shown from a close flyby. Tiger stripes are visible in false-color blue.
Image credit: NASA / ESA / JPL / SSI / Cassini Imaging Team.
“We can learn a lot about potential biosignatures in Enceladus’ ocean by sending a mission to the surface of Enceladus,” said Planetary Science Institute senior scientist Amanda Hendrix.
“Previously, it was thought that in order to sample the freshest material from the Enceladus ocean, you have to fly through the plume and measure plume grains and gases.”
“But now we know that you can land on the surface and be confident that your instruments can measure relatively pristine plume organics — sourced from the ocean.”
“We know that Enceladus’ ocean is habitable thanks to the measurements from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft,” she added.
“We know there is liquid water, energy, and the chemicals carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. These are the ingredients necessary for life as we know it.”
“Enceladus is an ocean world: it harbors a liquid ocean below an icy surface.”
“There are at least several ocean worlds in our Solar System, but Enceladus is special because it is spraying its ocean material out into space via its south polar vapor-and-ice grain plume, which means that the instruments on Cassini were able to characterize the ocean as the spacecraft flew by and through the Enceladus plume.”
“Luckily, for this study, even though some of the plume grains are ejected out into the Saturnian system, close to 90% of the plume grains fall back onto the surface of the moon, which likely means that ocean material — including organics — is sitting right on the surface.”
Organic molecules found in the plume of Enceladus, include molecules like methane and ethane, along with more complex molecules.
Organics can be processed, or chemically transformed, by solar ultraviolet photons and by charged particles like electrons.
But if scientists want to find out if any ocean-derived biosignatures are present in the plume grains, they need these grains to be as pristine, and unexposed to ultraviolet light, as possible.
An artist’s impression of NASA’s Cassini spacecraft flying through plumes erupting from the south pole of Enceladus; these plumes are much like geysers and expel a combination of water vapor, ice grains, salts, methane and other organic molecules.
Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech.
In the new study, Dr. Hendrix and her colleague, Pennsylvania State University researcher Christopher House, used data from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and Cassini to estimate how deeply ultraviolet photons can penetrate into the plume grain-coated surface of Enceladus.
“What we find in this study is that there are places on Enceladus’ surface where we could land with a spacecraft and take a sample — and we’d be measuring relatively pristine organics,” Dr. Hendrix said.
“That’s because the solar ultraviolet photons just don’t penetrate very deeply into the icy surface.”
“Those damaging solar ultraviolet photons only penetrate some 100 micrometers into the icy surface. That’s the width of a couple of human hairs!”
“So that very top part of the surface gets exposed to those damaging ultraviolet photons, but only a percentage of the organics are chemically transformed, and then soon enough that material is covered up by fresher plume material.”
“And the deeper grains don’t undergo more transformation — because the ultraviolet photons are prevented from interacting with the deeper material.”
“The freshly deposited plume grains act as a shield for the underlying material. They act like a sunscreen!”
“Ideally, we want to one day sample relatively pristine ocean-derived organics by landing on the surface of Enceladus.”
“This result is important because it tells us that there will be plenty of relatively pristine organics available to sample, because the penetration depth of those damaging ultraviolet photons is so shallow.”
“The slightly deeper grains haven’t been exposed much to ultraviolet, so that means the organics have a low exposure age.”
“Because ultraviolet light readily alters organic molecules, the depth that such light travels into the surface of an ice-covered world really matters,” Dr. House added.
“With the short ultraviolet penetration depths found, our results ensure that there is ample organic material locked away and preserved in the ices of Enceladus that can be traced back to its ocean.”
“It is awe-inspiring to think that with known technology, we can readily access lots of organic material from a habitable extraterrestrial ocean.”
The findings were published in the journal Communications Earth & Environment.
A.R. Hendrix & C.H. House. 2023. Low effective ultraviolet exposure ages for organics at the surface of Enceladus. Commun Earth Environ 4, 485; doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-01130-8
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
