Former NASA Scientist Says UFO Pilots Could Be Living Beneath Earth’s Oceans In Secret Bases

For years, NASA whistleblowers have been claiming that they saw evidence of extraterrestrials. They believe Earth is in regular contact with intelligent beings of other worlds. How true are these claims? Are there really artificial structures on Moon, secret colonies on Mars, Apollo 11 alleged UFO encounter, etc.? Well, these conspiracies shaped the field of UFOlogy which have come to an extent that now NASA officially joined hands in the UFO investigation. The agency finally admitted the gravity of the situation.

Moreover, a big revelation on UFOs and extraterrestrial life was made by former NASA research scientist Kevin Knuth in 2018 on his personal blog that probably went unnoticed. Knuth shared the UFO evidence he collected in his professional career that intentionally was covered by the government around the world.

Note: 

• Kevin Knuth is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the University at Albany. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Entropy. He is a former NASA research scientist having worked for four years at NASA Ames Research Center in the Intelligent Systems Division.

Kevin Knuth described two personal stories about the speculation of extraterrestrials. The first one came at a 2002 NASA Contact Conference, which focused on serious speculation about extraterrestrials. During the meeting, a concerned participant said loudly in a sinister tone, “You have absolutely no idea what is out there!” The silence was palpable as the truth of this statement sunk in.

His second story is from 1988. During his graduation from Montana State University, his physics professor told the class that he had colleagues working at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Great Falls, Montana, where they were having problems with UFOs shutting down nuclear missiles. This very news was later confirmed when Knuth saw a recording of the press conference featuring several former US Air Force personnel, with a couple from Malmstrom AFB, describing similar occurrences in the 1960s

Professor Knuth firmly believes in the alien life and non-terrestrial nature of UFOs. He is inspired by the theory given by nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi about contact with intelligent civilizations. Fermi estimated there were about 300 billion stars in the galaxy, many of them billions of years older than the Sun, with a large percentage of them likely to host habitable planets. Even if intelligent life developed on a very small percentage of these planets, then there should be a number of intelligent civilizations in the galaxy. Depending on the assumptions, one should expect anywhere from tens to tens of thousands of civilizations.

In 1961, American scientist Frank Drake took the first steps to quantify the field by developing the now-famous “Drake Equation,” a simple algebraic expression that provides an estimate for the number of communicating civilizations in the Milky Way.

Professor Knuth estimated that it would take somewhere around 5 and 50 million years for a civilization like us to colonize the Milky Way. According to him, this should have happened in the history of our galaxy. But where is the evidence? This discrepancy between the expectation that there should be evidence of alien civilizations or visitations and the presumption that no visitations have been observed has been dubbed the Fermi Paradox.

Governments’ cover-up

Professor Knuth said that the topic of UFOs is considered taboo in the scientific community, with many organizations finding excuses for various UFO sightings. For example, there are times when the weather or human activities are excuses for alien sightings. The result is that UFOs are largely not included as a possibility for scientific study and discussions.

Further, he stated, the situation is worsened by the fact that many governments around the world have covered up and classified information about such encounters. But there are enough scraps of evidence that suggest that the problem needs to be open to scientific study (which has already begun).

Strong UFO evidence from the past

Professor Knuth says there have been documented cases of UFO sightings, including through telescopes. He said that sightings go all the way back to the 1700s which are well-documented in the book “Wonders in the Sky” by Jacques Vallée. He discussed one study performed by an astrophysicist at Stanford University named Peter Sturrock, when the professor found out that 5 percent of UFO sightings were never explained.

He also said that numerous countries had declassified UFO files, including Canada, France, Ecuador, and the United Kingdom. There are cases when the United States even funded alien probes, but some findings have not been declassified yet. Knuth argues that these cases should encourage scientific research.

Read also:

• This Woman Saw a UFO Landing & Three Aliens Abducted Calvin Parker & Charles Hickson
• Lue Elizondo’s Attorney Discloses We Have Working Teleportation & Anti-Gravity Technology

He considered the footage released by the Chilean government in 2017 as the most convincing observations that came from government officials. Former NASA research scientists asked the scientific community to begin investigation on UFOs four years earlier, which hints at how much the scientists lost as the UFO topic was taboo for them.

Alien life underwater

Professor Knuth believes the pilots of UFOs could be living underneath our oceans. In 2021, he provided a logical reason behind this theory in this informative interview on Theories of Everything with Curt Jaimungal.

Curt asked Professor Knuth if he thought aliens might be hiding in places like our oceans. Knuth thought it could be possible. He said that oceans cover most of Earth, making them a good hiding spot. Kevin also said that if aliens came from a place with lots of water, living in Earth’s oceans would be easy for them.

“If you live in an ocean, going to another planet with an ocean is actually a pretty good thing,” Knuth explained. He detailed how water, being non-compressible, would provide consistent pressure, and the temperature variations in aquatic environments on different planets would be relatively moderate compared to the extreme conditions on planetary surfaces.

“If you come from an aquatic environment, aquatic environments on planets are going to be much better to live in than atmospheric environments. Atmospheres have a low heat capacity, so the temperature varies a lot …you get huge temperature variations…And then going from planet to planet, you have huge temperature variations in the atmosphere: go to Mars, and you’re looking at 100 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. You go to Venus, and you’re looking at 800 degrees Fahrenheit. It’s dramatic. And the air pressure is dramatically different, too, from planet to planet.”

The interview got even more interesting when they talked about where these aliens might live. Curt wondered if they were hiding underground or in small spaceships. Knuth thought it depended on how many aliens there were. He said, “Depends on how many people you have in there.”

Curt shared that he wasn’t usually into wild stories or mysteries. But this topic was too interesting to ignore. He wondered if maybe humans are just an experiment by these aliens. Knuth had a thought about this. He said, “If they’re DNA-based… then it’s hard to imagine that we’re not related in some way.” He meant that if aliens are like us in some biological ways, then maybe we’re connected somehow.

What if these aliens are so different from us that meeting them could be dangerous? Knuth mentioned a scientist named Stuart Kaufman who had ideas about this. He said, “You wouldn’t want to come in contact with their organic molecules because you don’t know what kind of reactions you’d have.” In simpler terms, if aliens have different chemicals in their bodies, touching them might not be safe for us.

Considering Professor Knuth’s speculations on underwater alien life. There are numerous recorded incidents of spotting UFOs going in and out of oceans.

In 2021, a retired British police officer Gary Heseltine who is the vice president of the new International Coalition for Extraterrestrial Research (ICER) told The Sun that UFOs may not be coming from space – but rather from beneath the sea amid a string of strange encounters involving US warships.

“That sounds crazy but if you think about it we only know 5 percent of the ocean, we know more about the surface of the moon or Mars than our own oceans – so that would seem to me why UFOs are seen regularly coming in and out of water.”

Drawing together the nuclear and underwater theories, Mr Heseltine said: “If you think about it if there was World War 3 and we made toxic all the water then that would affect their habitat. “That’s why I think there’s a correlation with water – they have bases and we only know 5% of the ocean.”

Scientist Bob McGwier has provided great insight into underwater UFO sightings. He disclosed two incidents about underwater UFOs or USOs, that he saw while performing covert operations. This claim was made several months after a video had been made public by the United States military, in which it appeared to show an unidentified flying object moving from the sky into the water in the year 2019. (Click here to read the full article)

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 21:51 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Mesopotamian Bricks Record 3,000-Year-Old Geomagnetic Anomaly

A geomagnetic anomaly that occurred between 3,000 and 2,500 years ago has shed light on ancient Mesopotamia in a way that has never been explored before. Analysis of ancient bricks from Mesopotamia, specifically modern-day Iraq, point to a dramatic spike in the Earth’s magnetic field roughly 3,000 years ago. It is now the subject of a fascinating new study, which relies on archaeomagnetic techniques, i.e., extracting information about the strength and direction of the Earth’s magnetic field from ancient objects, and offers an alternative method of artifact dating.

Heating and Cooling: Firing the Bricks

These ancient Mesopotamian bricks, containing iron oxide, were employed to investigate the strength of the Earth's magnetic field during the firing period. Scientists systematically erased the ancient magnetic signature from small fragments of the bricks through a process of heating and cooling, according to the study published in The Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences.

The bricks were then reheated, and the original magnetic field was replaced with one generated in the laboratory. This process enabled the researchers to establish a ratio between the object's magnetic charge in the past and under controlled laboratory conditions.

• Uncovering Ancient Pyramid Science at Teotihuacan, Where Men Become Gods
• Chaos and Cover-ups: What Evidence Exists of an Ancient Pole Shift?

Brick dates to the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (ca. 604 to 562 BCE) based on the interpretation of the inscription. This object was looted from its original context before being acquired by the Slemani Museum and stored in that museum with agreement from the central government.

(Image courtesy of the Slemani Museum)

Professor Mark Altaweel of University College London is studying the exceptional strength of the magnetic field in the Middle East around 3,000 years ago, known as the Levantine Iron Age Geomagnetic Anomaly: a point of high magnetic intensity between 1050-550 BC in modern-day Iraq.

“We often depend on dating methods such as radiocarbon dates to get a sense of chronology in ancient Mesopotamia. However, some of the most common cultural remains, such as bricks and ceramics, cannot typically be easily dated because they don’t contain organic material,” Altaweel said in a statement.

The findings revealed that these bricks were fired at a time when the Earth's magnetic field was more than one and a half times stronger than its present intensity. This time period corresponds to the Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic anomaly.

The anomaly, initially identified in 2009 by members of the same research team in a nearby region, was investigated using similar methods but on layers of rock material. History was literally baked into the bricks of cities through Iron Age Babylonia, reports The Hill.

• Magnetic Fields Reveal the Truth Behind Biblical Battle Narratives
• The Magnificent Constructions of King Nebuchadnezzar II

Another of the 32Mesopotamian clay bricks which bear names of 12 kings helped with the chronology.

(MIT License)

Altaweel and his colleagues identified a set of 32 Mesopotamian clay bricks, each bearing inscriptions with the names of 12 different kings. It is presumed that these inscriptions were associated with the rulers during the time when the bricks were created. What makes these bricks particularly valuable for scientific analysis is the presence of iron oxide grains within them.

These grains have the unique ability to preserve the direction and strength of the magnetic field that existed when the bricks were initially fired. By examining the inscriptions and measuring the magnetic properties of the iron oxide grains, researchers gained insights into the Earth's magnetic field during the respective reigns of the kings.

Lead author Professor Matthew Howland of Wichita State University said, "By comparing ancient artifacts to what we know about ancient conditions of the magnetic field, we can estimate the dates of any artifacts that were heated up in ancient times."

Precise Dating Method: More than Just Carbon Dating

Carbon dating, which essentially measures the decay process from the moment of death, offers a highly accurate means of determining the time elapsed since the death of a being buried in a tomb or the cutting down of a tree used to fashion tools such as spear- or hoe-handles. This method plays a crucial role in pinpointing the chronological age of organic materials and contributes to the precision of archaeological dating.

However, despite the significance of the ruins of ancient cities, archaeologists face a significant challenge related to dating. The most dependable method for establishing the age of organic artifacts, ranging from cloth to wood to bones, involves tracking the systematic decay of radioactive carbon atoms within them, which is not always present.

Study co-author Professor Lisa Tauxe of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography explains the potential of the new approach:

"The geomagnetic field is one of the most enigmatic phenomena in Earth sciences. The well-dated archaeological remains of the rich Mesopotamian cultures, especially bricks inscribed with names of specific kings, provide an unprecedented opportunity to study changes in the field strength in high time resolution, tracking changes that occurred over several decades or even less."

“During…the first three millennia BC, you see the development of cities for the first time, the development of these incredibly complex societies like the Babylonians, and the development of agriculture for the first time in this region,” explained Howland in a Vice report. 

This approach offered a more precise chronological record compared to traditional methods like carbon dating, which often comes with uncertainties spanning decades or centuries. The length of a king's reign and the accuracy of historical timelines play crucial roles in enhancing the precision of this magnetic field-based dating method.

Traditionally, historical inscriptions have been used to corroborate archaeological research, but specifics are never clear, and can be hit and miss. A scientific method like this one provides a basis for future archaeologists to apply archaeomagnetic techniques to date previously un-dateable material at archaeological sites, like ceramics. This is because radiocarbon dating doesn’t work on ancient artifacts that don’t contain the C-14 carbon isotope.

In the future, even geologists desperate to understand the Earth’s geomagnetic behaviors can benefit from this method. Since scientists only began taking measurements from specific locations around the world 400 years ago, and only recently globally with the advent of satellites, the field can now be expanded across time and space.

• Top image: Sulimaniya brick B318, part of the collection holding the signature of the geomagnetic anomaly.        
• Source: MIT License

By Sahir Pandey

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

27-12-2023 om 21:27 geschreven door peter  

At The Debrief, we cover a lot of science and technology news that feels like it’s being ripped from the script of a science fiction movie. So, here is a quick top 5 list of some of our favorite stories, scientific movements, and technological developments from 2023. 

1. ADVANCEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The year saw explosive growth in generative AI (gen AI) tools. 2023 was very much the year of AI. Entire companies and jobs have shifted to an AI-based model. AI high performers, defined as organizations attributing at least 20% of their EBIT to AI adoption, were at the forefront of adopting gen AI tools. The business disruption from gen AI was significant, leading to workforce changes and large reskilling efforts. With their nearly human-like creativity or their ability to decode ancient long-lost text, AI has altered how we live and work. And while the dystopian hell world where machines take over and murder all of us in our sleep is still a ways away, there are definitely security risks with this new technology whether it is from errors in the system and cybersecurity. Suffice it to say, we have crossed a threshold and we will just have to see how far this rabbit hole goes (A Matrix pun…AI…get it?).

2. EXOPLANETS, EXOPLANETS EVERYWHERE…

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope confirmed its first exoplanet, LHS 475 b, an Earth-sized planet in January of this year, and the hunt for planets in the cosmos has not slowed down. This discovery opens the door to studying rocky planet atmospheres and brings us closer to understanding Earth-like worlds outside our solar system. A few months later, the James Webb spotted another planet called GJ 1214 b and then another, TOI 1680 b, and then K2 18 b …well, the list keeps going. Hunting new distant planets aside, some spectacular discoveries around the Trappist-1 solar system have also been made, including some curious “ghost signals” that made headlines. We even discovered “exomoons” that didn’t turn out to be moons at all! If space is the final frontier, we are only getting closer to it, and learning what’s out there.

This illustration shows what exoplanet K2-18 b could look like based on science data. K2-18 b, an exoplanet 8.6 times as massive as Earth, orbits the cool dwarf star K2-18 in the habitable zone and lies 120 light years from Earth.
(Image Source: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI))

3. A QUANTUM LEAP IN COMPUTING

IBM announced a breakthrough with its quantum computer, which for the first time produced accurate results at a scale of 100+ qubits, outperforming leading classical simulations. But this wasn’t all. Google made some claims that it had achieved “quantum supremacy,” though critics point out it still has a way to go. A lab at the University of Bristol says that it created a mini-wormhole using quantum computers, and even DARPA says it is developing some novel synthetic materials that will make quantum computers not only faster, but cooler…so you don’t need giant freezers to keep your quantum computer from making the leap into some other dimension (that’s a joke, they just break).

4. FUSION ENERGY IS SO HOT RIGHT NOW

The US Department of Energy’s National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a significant milestone by compressing atoms to initiate nuclear fusion, generating more energy than consumed at the very end of 2022. This was a major step towards developing nuclear fusion as a clean energy source. The NIF, costing $3.5 billion and located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, conducted successful ignition shots, producing record amounts of fusion energy. Things did not slow down in 2023. The Department of Energy began testing new materials for fusion reactors, and a global network of nations completed the construction of the largest fusion reactor in Japan. And while the public is still unsure about the technology, the safe and very environmentally friendly fusion energy may just be our next handhold up the Kardashev Scale. Level 1…here we come!

5. THE EXISTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGE THREAT

Global conflicts, war, and disease are tragic concepts that humans have to face on a daily basis, and when it comes to our future on this planet, climate change is our greatest challenge. Now, while humans often act like tribal monkeys fighting over power or land or wealth, there are a few shining beacons of hope. Whether it is a plan to de-extinct some species to restore ancient ecosystems, or to develop novel technology like artificial photosynthesis or rain panels, our drive to survive has made 2023 a benchmark year. 

The year 2023 marked a watershed moment in science and technology, characterized by groundbreaking achievements across multiple domains. From the rapid evolution and adoption of generative AI to the pivotal discoveries of exoplanets, each advancement has contributed to a profound shift in our understanding and capabilities. Quantum computing breakthroughs brought us closer to solving complex problems that were once beyond our grasp, while strides in fusion energy research signaled a promising future for sustainable power. Ongoing research into climate change continued to shed light on one of the most pressing challenges of our time. Collectively, these developments not only epitomize the ingenuity and perseverance of the scientific community but also underscore the potential of technology to reshape our world, offering hope and new possibilities for the years ahead.

As we enter into 2024, The Debrief will be here to cover all the groundbreaking science and technology news from the frontiers of knowledge. 

• MJ Banias is a journalist who covers security and technology. He is the host of The Debrief Weekly Report. You can email MJ at mj@thedebrief.org or follow him on Twitter @mjbanias.

 { https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

27-12-2023 om 21:11 geschreven door peter  

This Is Clearest UFO Photo Ever Released That Shows Typical Alien Craft

On September 4, 1971, members of the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (National Geographic Institute) took photographs above Lake Cote for the Costa Rican governmental company that provides electricity and telecommunication services. The photographs were taken for the construction of a hydroelectric dam near lake Arenal, when the mapping agency members accidentally captured a UFO in their high-resolution camera that was mounted on the plane, pointing downwards. The photograph is considered to be the clearest and best UFO photograph ever taken.

Sergio Loaiza, Juan Bravo and Francisco Reyes were flying in a Canadian-made Areo-Commander model F680 piloted by Omar Arias, and Loaiza was in charge of aerial photography that day. They were flying above Costa Rica with a 100-pound map-making camera when Loaiza captured a photograph of a metallic disc like a typical alien “flying saucer” that can be seen flying between the F680 aircraft and the ground.

They were flying at 10,000 feet, mapping the landscape beneath with the high-resolution camera that was programmed to take photos every 20 seconds. While reviewing the negatives, Loaiza could not believe his eyes. He even said that they were completely banned from talking about it. According to UFO researcher Oscar Sierra, the photographs were analyzed in the USA and France and found to be 100% real. (Source)

The object can only be seen in the photograph in frame number #300 in the sequence, and there is no indication of it in either the frame of film that came before it or the one that was taken immediately after it. Due to the film stock and the quality of the camera, the image was incredibly clear. This object was not in either the frame before it (#299) or the frame after it (#301).

During the actual flight, the captain and his three crew members did not witness anything, and neither did the other passengers. It is estimated that the UFO was anywhere between 120 and 220 feet across, but the actual width would have depended on the object’s exact altitude.

New York Times writer and author Leslie Kean revealed that she has a framed copy of the photo taken at Lake Cote in the May 10, 2021 issue of The New Yorker by Gideon Lewis-Kraus. The article states, “…On the wall behind her desk, there is a framed black-and-white image that looks like a sonogram of a Frisbee. The photograph was given to her, along with chain-of-custody documentation, by contacts in the Costa Rican government; in her estimation, it is the finest image of a U.F.O. ever made public.”

On the New Yorker Radio Hour, she said: “I love this photo. It’s probably the best photograph of a UFO ever taken. It was taken in the 70s from a government mapping plane in Costa Rica which had a camera strapped on the bottom of the plane and it was like going over the terrain. There was this disc object and you clearly see the sun reflecting off this round object that’s got a little dot on the top and what’s important about it is that it was a government photo. There’s a clear chain of custody. It’s always been in possession of the Costa Rican government so you know it’s authentic and it’s completely unexplained.” (Source)

Read also:

• Ex-NASA Astronaut: ‘We have Contact With Alien Cultures & Their Appearance Is Bizarre’
• Famous 19-Sec UFO Footage Could Be Greatest Leak: CGI Experts Say It Is Real Deal
• Einstein’s Student Claimed US Govt. Re-Engineered UFO & Studied Alien Bodies
• Ex-Apollo Astronaut Claimed Humans Are Ancient Aliens, Visited Earth From Space

In 1985, computer scientist and astronomer Dr. Jacques Vallee obtained a copy of the negative and circulated it to his contacts in the United States government and at a California tech company. However, none of them helped Dr. Vallee in analyzing the negative.

Eventually, in December 1987, Vallee took it to Dr. Richard Haines in San Francisco. Haines was a retired aerospace engineer who had worked for NASA, and Vallee knew him. The photo was scanned, blown up, and looked at. Haines’ first focus was on the lighting. In 1989, Vallee and Haines wrote a “Photo Analysis of an Aerial Disc Over Costa Rica” for the Journal of Scientific Exploration. The 19-page report concluded: (Source)

“In summary, our analyses have suggested that an unidentified, opaque, aerial object was captured on film at a maximum distance of 10,000 feet. There are no visible means of lift or propulsion and no surface markings other than dark regions that appear to be nonrandom… There is no indication that the image is the product of a double exposure or a deliberate fabrication.”

There has always been speculation as to whether the craft had just emerged from or was about to enter Lake Cote. There are numerous local stories concerning UFOs emerging from the water. But it is impossible to understand the path of the craft because it only appeared in one frame #300. The original negative has been kept by the Costa Rican government, and it may be found in the country’s National Archive. There are copies available, such as the one that Vallee and Haines analyzed.

Loaiza’s UFO photograph has never been explained, despite the fact that UFO skeptics have thoroughly examined it. UAP Media, a UK-based UFO research company has got a brand fresh ultra-high resolution drum scan of the original photograph.

• Graeme Rendall – Author of UFOs Before Roswell and Flying Saucer Fever: “It’s a really intriguing photograph, and one which totally captures the imagination. I’m always impressed as to how “right” it looks. As to its veracity, though, I can’t say, but I’d love it to be true. It definitely looks a lot more convincing than a lot of other images I’ve seen over the years. I’d have to leave it to the photo analysis experts to pronounce sentence on it though.”
• Vinnie Adams – member of UAP Media: “After looking into the case, reading about the circumstances surrounding what was seen from that aeroplane that day, and reading the analysis done previously by Dr. Jacques Vallée, it does come across as a very compelling case. The fact that after 50 years it still hasn’t been conclusively proven or debunked is very interesting. Now that we have this high-resolution drum scanned version of the image, hopefully it might reignite interest in the case and lead to further analysis and some sort of conclusion.”
• Luis Elizondo – Former director of AATIP: “Although I was not around during this incident, pilot reports of smooth, shiny, lenticular craft are not new. In fact, even to this day, pilots, both civilian and military, along with their aircrew, continue to witness these types of craft and oftentimes displaying performance capabilities well beyond state of the art. Thankfully, some of these newer incidents are finding their way to Congress due to the courage of our fine men and women in uniform. During my time in AATIP, these incidents were surprisingly common.”
• Jeremy Corbell – Filmmaker: “As we search for meaning behind the UFO presence, it’s important that we remember we are more effective collectively when perusing analysis. Historic images like this one from Costa Rica still have stories to tell, and new insights are sometimes just around the corner. If we can socially democratize and crowdsource our search for answers – we will arrive closer to the truth than if we simply wait for further confirmation from our governments. I’m elated higher fidelity imagery continues to emerge, especially when it allows us to get a glimpse into our UFO past. Makes one wonder what other UFO evidence is lurking in boxes or files that have remained elusive until now. I’m confident that more and more people will be coming forward with valuable insight and evidence in the near future.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 20:56 geschreven door peter  

It’s never aliens... until it is.

THE INVERSE AWARDS 2023

There’s nothing like a little trouble at home to make you look for greener pastures. And green or not, aliens were everywhere in 2023. Well, at least in the news.

From Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP, the classy new way to talk about UFOs) to the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and all the way to tiny molecules clinging to frozen dust grains in interstellar space, the eyes of experts and the public were looking for life elsewhere.

The biggest alien stories — at least the most popular — came from military releases of data, hinting at cover-ups (or just ill-prepared government officials). But the most important — at least by our reckoning — were those that were steeped in science, offering hints of what life might look like outside of our planet, and where to find it. If you really do want to turn over that rock, that is.

Here, ranked from 11 to 1 by their chances of introducing us to real alien life, are the top alien and UAP events of 2023 that remind us the truth really is out there.

11. NASA RELEASED A GRIPPING REPORT ON UAPS

In September, ASA released its much-anticipated report on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena, and the agency says some of the sightings — between 16 and 40 out of roughly 800 — just can’t be explained — but Inverse spoke to experts, and it turns out the problem might just be that we don't have enough information. Most UAP reports come from sensors designed to guide weapons to objects, not gather detailed data about them, so it’s easy for fairly mundane objects to look bizarre when viewed through these sensors — or so says NASA.

Meanwhile, Inverse argues that the agency still needs a dedicated UAP office to take the investigation mainstream.

10. ... AND SO DID THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE.

The Department of Defense also published its own UAP report in January 2023, admitting that it has investigated more than 500 cases of possible UAP. Of those, more than a quarter were (of course) weather balloons; to be fair to DoD, weather stations in the U.S. alone launch 240 balloons every day. But according to a Pentagon spokesperson, “Some of these uncharacterized UAP appear to have demonstrated unusual flight characteristics or performance capabilities, and require further analysis.”

But don’t worry; experts tell Inverse that the military probably couldn’t pull off an alien cover-up. Swarms of commercial satellites, along with ubiquitous smartphones and social media — not to mention political pressure — would make it almost impossible to keep the cat in the bag for long.

“I still strongly maintain that alien visitation is not something that could be kept secret. The size of such a secret is just too big,” wrote SETI researcher Seth Shostak in a July 2023 essay for the SETI Institute.

9. THE MYSTERIES OF OUMUAMUA WERE UNVEILED.

Speaking of UAP, a chunk of interstellar debris called ‘Oumuamua caused a stir when it passed through our Solar system a few years ago — and an even bigger uproar when it seemed to accelerate under its own power, without leaving a tail like a comet. This year, a study suggested a possible explanation. Spoiler alert: It’s definitely not aliens.

8. WE CRAFTED A DECENT IDEA OF WHAT ALIEN SPACECRAFT COULD LOOK LIKE

One team of SETI researchers did some math and suggested that if an alien probe ever does visit our Solar System, it’s likely to be a zippy high-tech model, not an alien version of the Voyager probes.

7. ... AND ALSO WHAT CELESTIAL SIGNS MIGHT POINT US TO ALIEN CIVILIZATIONS.

SETI researchers also proposed some ways we might be able to spot high-tech alien civilizations from a distance — and some really wild ways the aliens might make themselves known to the rest of the universe, such as rearranging an entire star system into a cosmic “Kilroy Was Here” sign.

Other telltale signs to look for around distant stars include giant megastructures, built to siphon off mass and prolong the life of a dying star or the gleam of starlight on sprawling alien cities. But it may be easier to just look for pollution in a distant world’s atmosphere.

6. WE RULED OUT A WHOLE LOT OF HABITABLE PLANETS FOR INTELLIGENT LIFE

None of that advanced alien technology is likely to happen in a world without a lot of oxygen in its atmosphere, though. One study this year pointed out that unless about sixteen percent of the atmosphere is made of oxygen, you can’t start a fire. And without fire, you can’t work metals, cook food, or signal to distant alien civilizations.

5. ... AND LEARNED ALIENS PROBABLY WON’T THINK TOO FONDLY OF OUR INTELLIGENCE.

If intelligent, technologically advanced aliens are out there, they may not recognize us as intelligent. That could be good news because it means they may not see us as a threat — and they may even think we need protection, according to one 2023 study. If the first aliens we contact are vastly more advanced than we are — or just very different — they may not realize we're sentient. That means they probably won't see us as a threat to galactic peace, which needs to be eliminated posthaste. But the jury's out on whether these hypothetical aliens might turn Earth into a nature preserve or treat us with callous indifference.

4. ALIEN LIFE, INTELLIGENT OR NOT, IS PROBABLY QUITE COMMON

Alien encounters may be worth thinking about. It turns out that the basic ingredients for life are everywhere.

This year, astronomers found water vapor amid the rocky building blocks of a planetary system. Another team found some important chemical building blocks of organic chemistry clinging to dust grains in a cold cloud of interstellar gas. Elsewhere in the universe, astronomers found the amino acid tryptophan in one star-forming nebula, and a chemical essential for kickstarting the growth of complex organic molecules in another.

A few decades ago, we thought the chemicals involved in building cells and making them work might be rare in the universe, but now it looks like many of those ingredients could be part of the standard starter pack for new star systems. And that means life may — eventually — turn out to be more common than we ever dared to hope.

3. ... AND K2-18B IS A GREAT PLACE TO LOOK FOR IT.

One team of astronomers says they’ve found an ocean world orbiting a distant star, called K2-18b — and its atmosphere may contain evidence of life somewhere in that alien ocean. Even the researchers who studied the planet with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) aren’t convinced, though. It’s going to take more data to settle the debate, but the possibility is intriguing.

2. TRAPPIST-1 OFFERS EXPERTS HOPE AND FRUSTRATION.

Another swirl of debate, also fueled by JWST observations, is centered on the TRAPPIST-1 system. Home to at least seven rocky planets, three of which are in the habitable zone, TRAPPIST-1 is a hotspot for hopeful astrobiologists.

Earlier this year, JWST revealed that the system’s innermost two worlds — TRAPPIST-1b and TRAPPIST-1c — look like airless rocks, although it’s possible they just have really thin atmospheres. Neither of those planets is in the habitable zone, but many astronomers took the news as a discouraging sign that the star TRAPPIST-1 might have swept away the atmospheres of all its closest planets, including the potentially habitable ones. But others say it’s too soon to give up hope.

1. BUT DO WE NEED TO LOOK THAT FAR? ALIEN LIFE MIGHT BE RIGHT HERE IN OUR BACKYARD.

Closer to home, several studies this year show that Jupiter’s icy moons look extremely promising for alien life, or at least habitability, in a part of our Solar System that we used to consider totally uninhabitable.

NASA’s JUNO spacecraft spotted salt and organic molecules splattered across the icy surface of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede, and JWST revealed frozen carbon dioxide on the surface of Europa. Both moons are hiding vast, dark oceans beneath their thick, icy exteriors, and finding those chemicals on the surface suggests two important things: one, material from the ocean can reach the surface, where it might be easier for us to study. And two, those ice-covered alien oceans seem to have chemistry that could support life as we know it.

Meanwhile, another study suggested that every star system could host at least one Europa-like planet with an ocean hidden beneath an icy outer layer.

The truth is out there, all right — and it may be closer than we ever thought.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 20:34 geschreven door peter  

• Scientists described a slew of new species this past year, including an electric blue tarantula, two pygmy squid, a silent frog, and some thumb-sized chameleons.
• Experts estimate less than 20% of Earth’s species have been documented by Western science.
• Although a species may be new to science, it may already be well known to local and Indigenous people and have a common name.
• Many new species of plants, fungi, and animals are assessed as Vulnerable or Critically Endangered with extinction as soon as they are found, and many species may go extinct before they are named, experts say.

Scientists named hundreds of new to science species this year, including an electric blue tarantula, two pygmy squids, a silent frog, and some thumb-sized chameleons. These newly uncovered creatures give us just a glimpse into the immense biodiversity yet to be found across the planet.

“I think most people believe that we know most species on Earth … but in the best-case scenario, we know 20% of Earth’s species,” Mario Moura, a professor at the Federal University of Paraíba in Brazil, told Mongabay in a March 2021 interview.

Experts estimate only 10-20% of Earth’s species have been documented by Western science.

This year, researchers at the California Academy of Sciences described 153 new plant, animal and fungi species. Since 2020 alone, researchers have classified 100,000 new plant and fungus species. However, at this pace, researchers say documenting all life could take centuries, and many species may go extinct before they’re even named.

More than a million plant and animal species are threatened with extinction, suggests the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Many new species of plants, fungi, and animals are assessed as vulnerable or critically endangered with extinction as soon as they’re found.

“There is something immensely unethical and troubling about humans driving species extinct without ever even having appreciated their existence and given them consideration,” Walter Jetz, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale University, told Mongabay,

It’s important to note that although a species may be newly described by science, Indigenous people often know about species long before they’re “discovered” by Western science.

“Many species that are new to science are already known and used by people in the region of origin — people who have been their primary custodians and often hold unparalleled local knowledge,” writes Alexandre Antonelli, director of science at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Here’s a look at our top new-to-science species from 2023

A new electric-blue tarantula species is the first to be found in Thailand’s mangroves

A new electric-blue tarantula species has been described by scientists in Thailand, making it the first known tarantula species from Thai mangroves. The spider’s vivid blue coloration is created not by pigments but by nanostructures on the tarantula’s hairs that manipulate light and produce an iridescent effect.

Researchers from Khon Kaen University and wildlife YouTuber JoCho Sippawa found these vibrant blue tarantulas in the muddy conditions of Phang Nga province’s mangrove forest. The researchers have raised concerns about the tarantulas’ mangrove habitats being cleared for oil palm cultivation.

Six newly described chameleon species reflect Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains’ fragility and richness

Six new species of tiny, threatened pygmy chameleons have been discovered in Tanzania’s Eastern Arc Mountains, a biodiversity hotspot where rapid deforestation threatens endemic wildlife. The chameleons, which can fit on a thumb, reflect the exceptional yet fragile diversity of the mountains’ isolated forests that scientists are still documenting.

Agricultural expansion driven by population growth and government initiatives to increase food production continue to drive montane forest loss at an alarming rate, shrinking the habitat these new chameleon species depend on. While some forests have been upgraded to higher protection status recently, lack of enforcement and resources enable ongoing encroachment.

Conservationists say they hope flagship species like the colorful chameleons can boost the global profile of the Eastern Arc Mountains to promote tourism and secure funding for protection programs involving local communities.

It had to be a snake: New species from Peru named after Harrison Ford

Scientists have described a new-to-science snake species from Peru’s Otishi National Park and named it after the actor Harrison Ford for his conservation advocacy. The pale yellowish-brown snake with black blotches was found in high-elevation wetlands and identified using genetic techniques. Satellite data and imagery show several areas of forest loss throughout the park, which appear to have been caused by natural landslides. Still, some bear the hallmarks of human-caused clearing likely linked to coca cultivation and drug trafficking.

A growing number of researchers also argue that species should not be named after people, as such names may perpetuate a negative legacy associated with imperialism and racism.

New gecko species from Timor-Leste hints at island’s unknown diversity

Scientists have described a new species of bent-toed gecko from a remote cave in Timor-Leste. The new species was confirmed through DNA analysis and further examination of collected specimens and is named after the young nation’s first national park, Nino Konis Santana National Park. Timor-Leste, in Southeast Asia’s Wallacea region, has high levels of biodiversity, including numerous endemic species of birds and other animals. Continued research and exploration in Timor-Leste is expected to uncover many more new plant and animal species, possibly from the same cave where the new gecko was found.

Two new pygmy squid species found on Japanese coral

Researchers found two new species of tiny, reddish pygmy squid in the biodiverse coral reefs and seagrass beds near the Japanese island of Okinawa. The Ryukyuan pygmy squid (Idiosepius kijimuna) and Hannan’s Pygmy Squid (Kodama jujutsu), which measure less than 12 millimeters (0.5 inches), are nocturnal and difficult to spot, but were documented through collaboration between scientists and underwater photographers. Their whimsical names connect them to Japanese folktales, matching their elusive nature and coastal forest habitats, which are threatened by climate change and human activity.

No croak: New silent frog species described from Tanzania’s ‘sky island’ forests

Scientists have described a new-to-science species of frog from Tanzania’s Ukaguru Mountains with a unique trait: it’s silent. The males of this species have tiny spines on their throats, which may serve as a means of species recognition for the females.

Researchers encountered the species during an expedition in search of another species, the elusive Churamiti maridadi tree toad, which has only been spotted twice in the wild and is feared to be extinct. The Ukaguru Mountains have a high degree of endemism, and describing this new species highlights the vast amount of knowledge still to be gained about this biodiversity-rich area.

An Australian spider named after Marvel character Venom

A new genus and species of spider found in Tasmania has been named Venomius tomhardyi after actor Tom Hardy and his Marvel character Venom, due to the distinctive black spots on the spider’s abdomen resembling Venom’s head. The orb-weaving spider belongs to the Araneidae family and builds circular webs to catch prey, but unlike related spiders, it doesn’t have tubercles on its abdomen and creates silk shelters inside tree branches. Researchers found the spider on an expedition across multiple Australian states by researchers who aim to fully document the continent’s spider diversity to aid conservation efforts.

‘They’re everywhere out there’: Three new nautilus species described

Researchers have described three new species of nautilus found in the Coral Sea and the South Pacific. The three species differ in genetic structure, shell size and coloration, and geographic location. Scientists generally know little about nautiluses but are working to fill in the data gaps to understand how to protect them. Nautiluses are highly threatened by the shell trade, as well as pollution and the impacts of climate change.

Newly described gecko from Madagascar a master of disguise

A new species of leaf-tailed gecko, Uroplatus garamaso, has been described from northern Madagascar. Like other geckos in its genus, U. garamaso is a master of camouflage due to skin flaps that allow it to resemble tree bark during the daytime when it presses against branches. At 8-14 centimeters (3-5.5 inches) long, it’s a relatively large gecko for Madagascar. The forest where the gecko lives face threats from logging and fires, endangering U. garamaso which, like many endemic Madagascan species, has a restricted range that makes it vulnerable to habitat loss. More geckos are still being uncovered in Madagascar’s exceptionally biodiverse ecosystems.

Newly described leafless orchid in Sri Lanka named after a precious yellow sapphire

A new leafless ground orchid found in a lowland wet-zone forest in Sri Lanka has been named after a precious yellow sapphire, a gemstone commonly extracted from the same district. The plant grows in Walankanda, a forest frontier in the island’s intermediate zone with unique characteristics that will likely make these plants susceptible to future climate change impacts earlier than other wet-zone rainforest plants.

Tea plantations are the main driver of forest fragmentation in the area. However, an ambitious project aims to create an ecological land corridor through neglected tea estates, linking the forest where the orchid was first found with another fragmented forest patch.

New species of ‘Tolkien frog’ emerges from Middle Earth of Ecuadoran Andes

A new species of frog has been described from the tropical Andes of Ecuador and named after J.R.R. Tolkien, the author of famous works of fantasy literature. Only one individual of the species was found, within the bounds of Río Negro-Sopladora National Park.

Río Negro-Sopladora was declared a protected area in 2018 and serves as a critical link in the highly diverse Sangay-Podocarpus Corridor, home to many rare and endemic plants and animals. The scientists who described the frog say research and monitoring are urgently needed to better understand this unique species and assess potential threats to its survival, such as invasive species, emerging diseases, and climate change.

Newly described DiCaprio’s snake and others threatened by mining in Ecuador and Panama

Researchers have described five new species of snail-eating snakes from the upper Amazon Rainforest in Ecuador and Colombia and the Chocó-Darién forests of Panama. Three of the new species were named by actor Leonardo DiCaprio, conservationist Brian Sheth, and the NGO Nature and Culture International to raise awareness about the threats these snakes face due to mining and deforestation.

Ecuador and Colombia saw an increase in illegal gold mining along rivers and streams during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected populations of these fragile snakes and has led to conflict and division within communities. Snail-eating snakes are arboreal and depend on wet environments to survive, so deforestation and mining pollution, including illegal gold mining, affect both the snakes and the snails and slugs that they rely on for food.

New ‘snug,’ a snail with a too-small shell, described from Brunei rainforest

A group of researchers and citizen scientists have identified a new semi-slug species. The so-called “snug,” a snail whose external shell is too small to house its entire body, can be found in the lowland rainforests of northern Borneo Island. The researchers suggest there may be some half a dozen other species from the same genus waiting to be described, highlighting the rich biodiversity of this region.

Banner image: One of the six newly described chameleons from Tanzania, which are already at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, according to researchers. Image courtesy of Michele Menegon.

• Liz Kimbrough is a staff writer for Mongabay and holds a Ph.D. in ecology and evolutionary biology from Tulane University, where she studied the microbiomes of trees. View more of her reporting here.

27-12-2023 om 18:20 geschreven door peter  

Japan is on track to become the fifth country to land a probe on the Moon, after its SLIM spacecraft successfully entered lunar orbit on Dec. 24. The $100m mission, dubbed the “moon sniper”, aims to demonstrate Tokyo’s ability to land a lightweight, low-cost spacecraft on the Moon with high precision.

The SLIM spacecraft is expected to land within 100m of a location near the Shioli crater, on the near side of the Moon. The landing attempt is scheduled for Jan. 19, after the spacecraft spends a month circling the Moon. This would mark a historic moment for Japan, as a successful touchdown would join the ranks of the United States, Russia, China, and India, who have previously achieved the feat of landing a probe on the Moon.

The SLIM mission is part of Japan’s ambitious space exploration efforts, which include sending a rover to explore the lunar surface, collecting samples from an asteroid, and participating in the Artemis program to return humans to the Moon. The mission also showcases Japan’s technological prowess and innovation, as the SLIM spacecraft is designed to be smaller, lighter, and cheaper than previous lunar landers.

The SLIM spacecraft weighs only 130kg, compared to the 1,500kg of China’s Chang’e-4 lander, which landed on the far side of the Moon in 2019. The SLIM spacecraft also costs only $100m, a fraction of the $1.3bn budget of India’s Chandrayaan-2 mission, which failed to land on the Moon in 2019. The SLIM spacecraft is equipped with advanced navigation and guidance systems, which allow it to autonomously adjust its trajectory and attitude during the landing process.

The launch of SLIM was carried out by a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries H-2A rocket, which also carried the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) satellite. The XRISM is a joint project between the Japanese, American, and European space agencies. The satellite, containing a telescope the size of a bus, has parted ways with the lunar lander to orbit around the Earth. It will now begin studying space phenomena such as black holes.

The successful launch and lunar orbit entry of SLIM follow a series of failures over the past year. Last November, JAXA lost contact with its OMOTENASHI spacecraft and aborted the Moon landing mission. More recently in April, a private Japanese start-up, iSpace, failed to land its Hakuto-R lander after it too lost contact with the spacecraft. Two test rocket launches have also failed this year.

The SLIM mission represents a significant step forward in Japan’s space exploration efforts. The mission’s success so far demonstrates the country’s resilience and determination in the face of previous setbacks. As the world watches, the upcoming moon landing attempt is set to be a pivotal moment in space exploration history.

Artist's impression of the lunar explorer on the Moon. 

(JAXA)

Relevant articles:

• Japan spacecraft enters lunar orbit for Moon landing on Jan. 20
• Japan’s SLIM ‘moon sniper’ lander arrives in lunar orbit for Christmas
• Japan’s SLIM successfully enters lunar orbit, gears up for precision moon landing
• After Chandrayaan 3, Japan eyes lunar landing as SLIM lander enters Moon orbit

{ https://trendydigests.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 17:42 geschreven door peter  

Japan Probe Enters Lunar Orbit Ahead of Historic Moon Landing

By AFP

If successful, the touchdown would make Japan only the fifth country to have successfully landed a probe on the Moon, after the United States, Russia, China and India.

On Monday, SLIM "successfully entered the moon's orbit at 04:51 pm Japan time" (0751 GMT), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) said in a statement released Monday evening.

"Its trajectory shift was achieved as originally planned, and there is nothing out of the ordinary about the probe's conditions," the agency said.

The lander's descent towards the moon is expected to start around 12:00 am Japan time on January 20, with its landing on the surface scheduled for 20 minutes later, JAXA said.

The H-IIA rocket lifted off in September from the southern island of Tanegashima carrying the lander, after three postponements linked to bad weather.

JAXA said this month that the mission would be an "unprecedentedly high precision landing" on the Moon.

The lander is equipped with a spherical probe that was developed with a toy company.

{ https://www.sciencealert.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 17:23 geschreven door peter  

Since its launch last year, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has repeatedly proven itself to be an incredible asset in the search for answers to many of the lingering questions about our universe.

Having offered some of the most stunning imagery of the distant universe ever collected, NASA has said the telescope “has delivered on its promise of revealing the universe like never before in its first year of science operations.”

Looking back on a year of groundbreaking discoveries and breathtaking imagery Webb has brought to the world, here are some of the key highlights brought to us by Webb in 2023 that have expanded our view of the cosmos.

JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE CONFIRMS ITS FIRST EXOPLANET

In January, a team of researchers led by Kevin Stevenson and Jacob Lustig-Yaeger confirmed the discovery of an exoplanet with help from the James Webb Space Telescope. Formally named LHS 475 b, the discovery was made following a careful review of a series of targets of interest from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

The telescope’s powerful Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) succeeded in obtaining imagery of the exoplanet throughout just two of its transit observations.

“There is no question that the planet is there,” said Lustig-Yaeger. “The fact that it is also a small, rocky planet is impressive for the observatory.” Mark Clampin, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, added that the detection of “an Earth-size, rocky planet open the door to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb.”

WEBB GETS GRITTY WITH VIEW OF A REMOTE CLOUDY PLANET

In March, NASA unveiled new features about the atmosphere of a distant planet 40 light-years away from Earth, which included the swirling sandstorms in its scorching atmosphere.

The planet, designated VHS 1256 b, is located within a relatively young triple brown dwarf system approximately 40 light years away, orbiting a pair of stars over 10,000 years, which are roughly four times farther from it than the distance between the Sun and Pluto.

(Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted)

The James Webb Space Telescope was able to reveal the presence of silicate clouds blanketing the alien world, along with its rising and mixing atmosphere, which confirmed that silicate dust grains of varying sizes are present within the clouds encircling VHS 1256 b, resulting in scorching hot sandstorms that blanket the alien world.

WEBB FINDS WATER, AND MUCH MORE WHILE OBSERVING AN ASTEROID

In May, Webb’s NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) instrument helped astronomers make the first detection of water vapor in the vicinity of a comet in the main asteroid belt, confirming that water ice from the early solar system can be preserved there.

Artist’s Concept of Comet 238P/Read (Credit: NASA/ESA).

Curiously, the detection of water vapor was made in the absence of any sign of carbon dioxide, presenting new questions for astronomers involved with the discovery.

Stefanie Milam, Webb’s deputy project scientist for planetary science and the co-author of a study on the discovery, said her team’s observations help to unravel “the history of water distribution in the solar system,” adding that it “will help us to understand other planetary systems, and if they could be on their way to hosting an Earth-like planet.”

WEBB SPOTS EERIE RINGS SURROUNDING A STAR

Astronomers attempting to study the first asteroid belt ever seen beyond our solar system using Webb’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) discovered far more than they went looking for this year, which included a series of glowing discs encircling the star Fomalhaut.

Fomalhaut, as seen by Webb

(NASA, ESA, CSA, A. Gáspár, University of Arizona, A. Pagan).

According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), a trio of nested belts was detected around the star, sprawling as much as 14 billion miles outward into the surrounding space.

The brightest star visible in the “Southern Fish” constellation Piscis Austrinis, Fomalhaut is a relatively young class A star located around 25 light-years from Earth’s Sun.

WEBB CELEBRATES ITS ANNIVERSARY BY PEERING INTO THE OPHIUCHI CLOUD COMPLEX

In celebration of the anniversary of its launch in 2022, in July NASA released images obtained by the telescope featuring a nursery for star formation, located in an area of interstellar clouds consisting of different nebulae within the Ophiuchus constellation some 390 light years from Earth, known as the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex.

Released on July 12, the image represented more than just a snapshot of the nearest region to Earth where stellar formation occurs; at less than 400 light years away, there are no stars in the foreground obstructing Webb’s view of Pho Ophiuchi, meaning that the imagery provides some of the greatest clarity and depth of any infrared view of the cosmos any human-made telescope has ever obtained of the distant universe.

The imagery prompted Nicola Fox, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, to call them “a breathtaking treasure trove of images and science that will last for decades,” adding that Webb’s sharp eye has “given us a more intricate understanding of galaxies, stars, and the atmospheres of planets outside of our solar system than ever before, laying the groundwork for NASA to lead the world in a new era of scientific discovery and the search for habitable worlds.”

JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE OFFERS A NEW LOOK AT AN ICONIC SUPERNOVA

In August, Webb’s NIRCam managed to obtain new imagery of the Large Magellanic Cloud, providing astronomers with potentially crucial information not only about this iconic celestial object, but also about the development of supernovae.

Supernova 1987A

(Credit: NASA/ESA/JWST)

In the imagery obtained earlier this year, a central structure resembling a keyhole was detected within the heart of the supernovae. “This center is packed with clumpy gas and dust ejected by the supernova explosion,” read a NASA statement, which added that the dust within it is “so dense that even near-infrared light that Webb detects can’t penetrate it.” Of course, that didn’t prevent Webb from obtaining some of the most striking imagery ever obtained of the object.

MYSTERIOUS BRIGHTNESS AT THE COSMIC DAWN IS FINALLY SOLVED

New simulations produced by a Northwestern University-led team of astrophysicists in October helped to solve the riddle of why galaxies appeared too bright in the James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) initial images of the universe’s earliest galaxies.

Artist’s concept of early starbursting galaxies

(Credit: Aaron M. Geller, Northwestern, CIERA + IT-RCDS)

The Northwestern team found that the galaxies weren’t as massive as the imagery seemed to convey, and that even galaxies possessing less mass can glow as brightly as more massive ones, due to the presence of brilliant bursts created with the birth of new stars, in findings that align with the standard model of cosmology.

WEBB EXOPLANET DISCOVERY MAY “RESHAPE OUR UNDERSTANDING” OF PLANETARY EVOLUTION 

In November, astronomers reported that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) succeeded in detecting water vapor, sand clouds, and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere of the exoplanet WASP-107b.

A transmission spectrum of the warm Neptune exoplanet WASP-107b, captured by the Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) of the Mid InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on board JWST, reveals evidence for water vapour, sulfur dioxide, and silicate (sand) clouds in the planet’s atmosphere.

(Image: Michiel Min / European MIRI EXO GTO team / ESA / NASA; Klaas Verpoest (LUCA School of Arts, Belgium)

The discovery, led by a team of European astronomers from Belgium’s KU Leuven University, revealed the presence of water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and silicate sand clouds while notably lacking methane, a common greenhouse gas​, around the exoplanet.

JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE UNVEILS URANUS IN WAYS NEVER BEFORE SEEN

In December, NASA released stunning new enhanced imagery of the ice giant Uranus, in a series of updated images captured by its premiere space observatory earlier this year.

The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system, Uranus possesses a striking bluish green color, caused by its atmosphere composed primarily of helium and hydrogen, which the new imagery captured by the James Webb Space Telescope showcases in remarkable clarity, along with several of the planet’s twenty-seven known satellites.

The newly enhanced versions of imagery depicting Uranus, were originally obtained earlier this year by the James Webb Space Telescope

(Credit: NASA/ESA/JWST).

The new image was based on enhancements of a two-color version of the same view of Uranus released earlier in 2023, which employs additional wavelength coverage that allows more details to be revealed in the latest versions.

With the many incredible discoveries Webb has made throughout 2023, the future is looking bright for NASA’s premier space observatory, and we can certainly expect more remarkable views of the cosmos from Webb as we head into 2024.

Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on X: @MicahHanks.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/  }

27-12-2023 om 17:13 geschreven door peter  

2023: The year UFOs descended on Washington, DC (but not like you'd expect)

But disclosure didn't happen. While many sensational claims were made that would, if true, indeed bring about ontological shock and a rethinking of our place in the universe, in the end none of these was substantiated with little more than hearsay. As is tradition.

Related: 

• Some UFO records must be released, US Congress says

Government reports and Chinese balloons

The big UFO year began on Jan. 12, when the Pentagon's Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) released its long-awaited "2022 Annual Report on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena." The report, produced by the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) that was established in July 2022, included over 500 reports of unidentified anomalous phenomena, or UAP, a new term that describes unidentified objects or phenomena in the air, under water, in space or that appear to travel between them.

The much-anticipated report analyzed the reports, finding only 171 that remained  "uncharacterized," or unidentified. "Some of these uncharacterized UAP appear to have demonstrated unusual flight characteristics or performance capabilities, and require further analysis," the report stated. Ultimately, while the report was unable to reach any broad conclusions about UFOs/UAP, it found that many of these sightings "continue to represent a hazard to flight safety and pose a possible adversary collection threat," meaning they could possibly be related to foreign spy activities. 

Just a few weeks later, on Feb. 1, UFOs took center stage in both Washington D.C. and the news cycle when a large white orb was spotted floating over Montana. The object turned out to be a massive high-altitude balloon operated by China. The appearance of such a brazen intelligence-gathering aircraft caused an international stir, and China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs eventually issued an apology.

The balloon was eventually shot down off the coast of South Carolina on Feb. 5 and recovered by the U.S. military. In the weeks that followed, several other UFOs were shot down over the northern United States and Canada, some of which were never recovered and remain unidentified to this day  —  at least publicly. 

Soon after, The New York Times reported that similar balloons had intruded in American airspace between 2017 and 2021 and that military and governmental leaders were unaware of them in some cases because they were initially mischaracterized as UAP. "Balloons account for many of the unexplained incidents the Navy and other military services have tracked in recent years. The previous incidents, like other unexplained events, were handed over to a Pentagon task force charged with investigating UFOs and other aerial phenomena," the Times wrote in its report. "As the Pentagon and intelligence agencies stepped up efforts over the past two years to find explanations for many of those incidents, officials reclassified some events as Chinese spy balloons."

The furor over the Chinese spy events continued through the early spring, leading up to the first public testimony of the director of the Pentagon's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office on April 19, 2023. During that testimony, Sean Kirkpatrick, AARO's first director, told members of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services at a hearing in Washington, D.C. that, despite the rather sensational claims in mainstream and social media concerning possible alien visitation of Earth, his office found "no credible evidence thus far of extraterrestrial activity, off-world technology or objects that defy the known laws of physics." 

Instead, most UAP cases "demonstrate mundane characteristics of balloons, [uncrewed] aerial systems, clutter, natural phenomena or other readily explainable sources," Kirkpatrick told the armed services committee.  

The next month, NASA held the first public meeting of its independent UAP study group at the agency's headquarters in Washington, D.C. NASA commissioned the group in 2022 to help examine data related to unidentified anomalous phenomena and make recommendations on how the agency might better contribute to the topic. 

During the meeting held on May 31, group members laid out a roadmap for how U.S. government agencies can "use the tools of science to evaluate and categorize the nature of UAPs going forward," said Nicki Fox, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. 

While many different potential approaches for accomplishing this were described and discussed, ultimately the group, like AARO before it, reached the conclusion that UAP will remain mysterious without better data. "To make the claim that we've seen something that is evidence of non-human intelligence, it would require extraordinary evidence," said astrophysicist David Spergel, chair of the study group and former member of the NASA Advisory Council. "And we have not seen that. I think that's important to make clear. "

Still, the public and governmental interest in UFOs by this point had reached such a height that two U.S. Senators, Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and Senator Mike Rounds (R-SD), introduced a bill known as the Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) Disclosure Act of 2023, or the Schumer-Rounds amendment, which called for the public release of U.S. government records related to UFOs and/or UAP. 

"For decades, many Americans have been fascinated by objects mysterious and unexplained, and it’s long past time they get some answers," Schumer said in a statement accompanying the bill. "The American public has a right to learn about technologies of unknown origins, non-human intelligence, and unexplainable phenomena. We are not only working to declassify what the government has previously learned about these phenomena but to create a pipeline for future research to be made public."

Allegations get wilder

Undoubtedly, the most out-of-this world UFO event of 2023 came two months after NASA's UAP study group meeting when, on July 26, three former U.S. military personnel testified to the U.S. House of Representatives' Subcommittee on National Security at the Border and Foreign Affairs. Two of the witnesses, Ryan Graves and David Fravor, are former U.S. Navy aviators who had previously reported highly publicized encounters with unknown objects in military training airspace that have become touchstones for the UFO community in terms of credible sightings from reputable, trained witnesses.

But it was the third witness at the July hearing that caused the biggest stir. That witness, David Grusch, a decorated U.S. military combat veteran and former Pentagon intelligence officer, told the subcommittee that the U.S. government has operated a "multi-decade UAP crash retrieval and reverse-engineering program," along with a disinformation campaign to keep the public in the dark.

Grusch would go on to state to the subcommittee that "biologics came with some of these recoveries" and that these "biologics" were "non-human," according to individuals with direct knowledge of these crash recovery programs that he had spoken with during his time in the intelligence community.

Naturally, a media feeding frenzy ensued, and Grusch has since become a regular talking head on the podcast circuit and television news programs. Evidence for his claims has yet to surface.

A month later, on Aug. 31, the Pentagon's AARO office quietly unveiled an official government website through which U.S. government personnel can report UFO/UAP sightings "in the vicinity of national security areas" such as military bases or other U.S. government sites. 

NASA's UAP study team would then go on to release a written report on Sept. 14 that reached similar conclusions to AARO director Kirkpatrick's testimony in April. "The top takeaway from the study is that there is a lot more to learn," NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said during a teleconference held after the agency released the report. "The NASA independent study team did not find any evidence that UAP have an extraterrestrial origin, but we don't know what these UAP are."

The year in UFOs would ultimately end not with a bang, but with a whimper, when in December the U.S. Congress approved legislation containing a portion of the Schumer-Rounds language that ordered that some government records related to UAP must be released. 

However, many UFO disclosure proponents felt that the final version of the Schumer-Rounds amendment was far weaker than what was originally proposed. 

"The most important components of the Schumer-Rounds language were dropped  — an independent Senate-confirmed review board with subpoena power, professional staff to search out records, and other serious resources," Douglas Dean Johnson, an independent researcher who writes on various aspects relating to UAP, told Space.com. "What is being enacted instead is a modest mechanism that is far less likely to result in the location, extraction and disclosure of important UAP-related records that may be tightly held or even long forgotten."

All of this has happened before. All of this will happen again.

For those who have followed the UFO topic for a significant amount of time, none of these developments should feel new. The U.S. government has commissioned and/or conducted several UFO studies in the past, many of which reached similar conclusions as those reported by federal studies and agencies in 2023. 

So, yes, while UFOs came to Washington in 2023, ultimately they left the same way they came: Shrouded in mystery, tainted by sensationalism, and wrapped in the jingoistic and sometimes paranoid language of national security. The U.S. government, at least outwardly, appears no closer to solving the UFO enigma or revealing what it may know about these phenomena to the American public. 

Yet, anyway. Many of those behind the current disclosure movement assure us that despite the legislative setbacks, the fight for the truth  —  if it's out there  —  is just beginning.

Here's hoping we see that big black triangle over the White House in 2024.

{ https://www.space.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 16:38 geschreven door peter  

Stop Believing Global Governments Will Ever Reveal Their UFO/UAP Data. It Ain’t Gonna Happen In 2024

(Photo by Brendan SMIALOWSKI / AFP) (Photo by BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP via Getty Images)

If we learned anything in 2023, it’s that we need to stop trusting global government leaders and lawmakers when they tell us they’re working on UFO/UAP disclosure.

Every year, for as long as most of us can remember, the U.S. government has promised some type of conclusive UFO/UAP disclosure. We know global governments have been collecting data on unidentified phenomena for more than 80 years, but in all this time, the general public has never been given even a hint of explanation as to what these things are.

This past year, 2023, that was supposed to change, with lawmakers like Republican Tennessee Rep. Tim Burchett and Democratic Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer seemingly aligned on the need for the Pentagon to release information the American taxpayer is funding them to collect on UFOs. But when the final draft of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) hit headlines, all of the promises by Burchett, Schumer and basically every single person perpetuating the UFO conspiracy was ignored.

Not only is the government refusing to release the information, but they made a rule where the president can literally classify anything he wants about those things whizzing around in our skies.

We were introduced to a big new face in the UFO psyop of 2023: former intelligence officer David Grusch. According to Grusch, he’s seen a bunch of “un-American” things related to aliens and made a series of sweeping claims about the U.S. government having alien crafts.

What has Grusch done to confirm his claims? Absolutely nothing. He’s brought zero physical evidence to support his statements, said some of the claims came from secondary sources and decided to tease “firsthand information” he claims to have instead of just releasing it. He’s about as convincing as those two “alien bodies” apparently recovered in Peru.

But that didn’t stop lawmakers from putting him front and center at a series of far-too-convenient government hearings. 

• (RELATED: Does Anyone Else Feel Like These UFO Hearings Were A Little Too Convenient?)

Then there’s Harvard professor Avi Loeb, who managed to recover a piece of meteorite that he believes is an ancient piece of alien technology. None of this has been confirmed yet, but at least Loeb spent the year trying to find concrete evidence to back up a career’s worth of claims that UFOs are actually aliens.

The two weirdest stories about aliens and 2023 came from India and the U.S. Back in November, the Indian Air Force (IAF) scrambled two Rafale fighter jets because some weird orb was hanging out over Manipur’s Imphal airport. The entire place was shut down until the thing disappeared around sunset. 

• (RELATED: RyanAir Pilot Says UFO Appeared Shockingly Close To Passenger Flight)

In December, right after the government absolutely screwed us on UFO disclosure, they had the audacity to push a video of a UFO allegedly flying over President Joe Biden while he traveled in Air Force 1 to Los Angeles.

In my opinion, this is the most laughably staged story of the year. Apparently, we’re supposed to believe that a livestream video caught three different UFOs hovering around the most protected aircraft in the world back in October and no one noticed until December? How effing stupid do you think we are? 

• (RELATED: UFO Investigations Halted Over Fears Of ‘Demonic Forces,’ Former Defense Minister Claims)

My official response to all things UFO in 2024 will be “okay bud,” with so much sarcasm you could butter your bread with it. Even if Democratic California Gov. Gavin Newsom rips his face off and reveals himself to be a lizard alien person, I still won’t believe it.

Why would anyone believe the same lie told for more than 80 years? Surely we’re better than that, fam. Or perhaps all of these things are just Chinese spy balloons.

{ https://dailycaller.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 16:19 geschreven door peter  

In the vast, sun-scorched expanses of Australia, the Aboriginal people hold the title for the most ancient continuous culture on Earth. Their traditions and stories, passed down through an unbroken line of oral history, stretch back an astonishing 70,000 years. Among these ancient narratives are intriguing tales and rock paintings that hint at a connection between Australian Aborigines and otherworldly beings — a relationship so old it predates written history.

Unearthing the Connection: Ancient Rock Art and Lore

The Aboriginal rock paintings, scattered across the rugged Australian landscape, are not just artworks; they are a window into the past. Some of these depict humanoid figures with features not typical of humans; elongated bodies, oversized heads, and large, almond-shaped eyes. These figures, known traditionally as “Wandjina” or “Sky Beings,” have sparked debates among ufologists and historians alike. Could these images be one of the earliest representations of UFO sightings and extraterrestrial visitors in human history?

The Dreamtime: A Cosmic Chronicle

The Aborigines refer to the time of creation as “The Dreamtime,” a sacred era when mythical beings roamed the Earth and shaped the world. The stories from this time, rich with references to celestial spirits and sky gods, bear a striking resemblance to modern-day UFO and alien encounters. This profound connection suggests that the Aboriginal people might not have been just passive observers but active participants in a cosmic dialogue spanning thousands of years.

VIDEO:

• Australia’s UFO Secrets | Full Alien UFO Documentary | UFOs Down Under – Unsealed Alien Files | TUU

https://youtu.be/WRlX2Sh4Xbs

Modern Implications: Bridging Ancient Lore with Today’s UFO Sightings

Today, the term “UFO sightings” often conjures images of mysterious aircraft in contemporary settings. However, when viewed through the lens of Aboriginal history, these sightings are not just modern phenomena but part of a much larger, deeper story. By understanding the Aboriginal perspective, we gain insight into how these ancient experiences shaped their culture and spirituality and how they might inform our current understanding of the UFO phenomenon.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vUg4cb2yZI

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

27-12-2023 om 16:02 geschreven door peter  

De eenzaamste dingen in het universum

©Shutterstock

De eenzaamste dingen in het universum
Moderne mensen zijn misschien wel het meest bekend met eenzaamheid, omdat is bewezen dat het een steeds vaker voorkomend gevoel is, ondanks onze geavanceerde vormen van verbinding. Maar wij zijn hierin niet de enige. Er zijn veel wezens in het universum die gewend zijn alleen te zijn.

Klik verder om meer te weten te komen over de eenzaamste dingen en wezens in het

©Shutterstock

52 Blue
Stel je voor dat je de enige persoon ter wereld bent die een bepaalde taal spreekt, en dat niemand je ooit zou kunnen begrijpen. Welkom in de wereld van de eenzaamste walvis ter wereld.

©Shutterstock

52 Blue
Terwijl de meeste walvissen communiceren met een frequentie van 10–39 Hz, roept 52 Blue met een frequentie van 52 Hz, wat betekent dat geen enkele andere walvis hem kan horen of zelfs maar weet dat hij er is.

©Shutterstock

52 Blue
Terwijl hij zonder vrienden of familie door de uitgestrekte oceaan dwaalt, is deze eenzame walvis (ontdekt in de jaren tachtig) zeker een van de eenzaamste wezens ter wereld.

©Reuters

Opportunity, de Mars rover
In Februari 2019 kondigde NASA aan dat ze nog een laatste keer zouden proberen contact op te nemen met hun recordbrekende, maar stille Mars-rover, voordat ze hem na vijftien jaar dood zouden verklaren.
Dit veelgebruikte apparaat is een van de vieste plekken in huis

©Reuters

Opportunity, de Mars rover
De rover die voor het eerst water op Mars bevestigde, is het slachtoffer van een van de meest intense stofstormen in decennia en leeft misschien nog wel, maar NASA kan niet blijven roepen zonder reactie.

©Reuters

Opportunity, de Mars rover
“Het is net als een dierbare die vermist is, en je blijft hopen dat ze zullen komen opdagen en dat ze gezond zijn”, zei de projectmanager. “Maar elke dag die voorbijgaat, wordt dat minder, en op een gegeven moment moet je ‘genoeg’ zeggen en verder gaan met je leven.”

©BrunoPress

Opportunity, de Mars rover
Stel je NASA voor als Noah uit 'The Notebook' en Opportunity als Allie, en hoe eenzaam ze zich allebei voelden omdat ze geen contact met elkaar kregen.

©Reuters

Lonesome George
Zijn naam geeft aan hoe eenzaam deze Pinta-eilandschildpad (Chelonoidis abingdoni), afkomstig uit de Galápagos, werkelijk was. Lonesome George was de laatste van zijn soort.

©Reuters

Lonesome George
Zijn soort was in de 19e eeuw niet zeldzaam, maar de hele populatie werd door mensen uitgeroeid en tijdens lange zeereizen voor vlees geoogst, omdat ze wel een jaar zonder voedsel of water konden leven.

De ontdekking van George in 1972 was een soort wonder, aangezien men dacht dat zijn soort uitgestorven was. Hij was 60 jaar oud en werd naar een dierentuin gebracht, waar het verhaal alleen maar triester werd.

©Reuters

Lonesome George
In plaats van dat hij een vredig einde van zijn leven kreeg zoals de meeste andere 60-jarige dieren, werd George aangespoord om te paren met andere ondersoorten, wat geen succesvolle nakomelingen opleverde. Hij stierf in 2012, en zijn hele dier soort met hem.

©Shutterstock

Toughie de kikker
Toughie was de laatste boomkikker van de Rabbs ter wereld, een soort die gewoonlijk werd aangetroffen terwijl hij van de ene boom naar de andere zweefde in het regenwoud van Panama.

Hij werd in gevangenschap gebracht om hem te beschermen tegen een wijdverbreide infectie die de rest van zijn soort doodde, maar het leven dat hem te wachten stond, bevond zich naar verluidt in een saaie, grijze zeecontainer ver van een regenwoud.

©Shutterstock

Toughie de kikker
Toughie werd niet gedwongen te paren, aangezien kikkers alleen paren met hun eigen soort, en het laatste vrouwtje van zijn soort al was gestorven. Hij heeft zeven jaar alleen gewoond.

Het treurigste aan Toughie's verhaal is echter dat hij, toen hij eenmaal in gevangenschap was, zijn paringsoproepen volledig stopte en niet meer wilde reageren op opgenomen oproepen, alsof hij wist dat er niemand meer voor hem was.

©Reuters

Curiosity de rover
Alleen op een planeet die vele lichtjaren van huis verwijderd is, heeft de Curiosity-rover bijna zeven jaar op Mars doorgebracht, maar hoe eenzaam kan een robot zijn?

©Reuters

Curiosity de rover
Welnu, op de eenjarige verjaardag van de landing op Mars zong de kleine Curiosity 'Happy Birthday' voor zichzelf. Het had officieel de eenzaamste verjaardag in de Melkweg.

©Reuters

Sudan de neushoorn
Sudan, een noordelijke witte neushoorn, werd in 2009 naar de Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenia gebracht, in het gezelschap van nog een mannetje en twee vrouwtjes, die allemaal aan de massale stroperij ontsnapten.

©Reuters

Sudan de neushoorn
Het overgebleven mannetje overleed in 2014, en alle druk om de witte neushoornsoort te redden werd op Sudan gelegd.

Sudan was al in de veertig en had een afnemend aantal zaadcellen en verzwakte achterpoten, waardoor het voor hem moeilijk werd een vrouwtje te bestijgen.

©Reuters

Sudan de neushoorn
Hoewel Tinder geld inzamelde voor onderzoek naar in-vitrofertilisatie, zorgde de afnemende gezondheid van Sudan ervoor dat dierenartsen hem in 2018 lieten inslapen.

©Reuters

Sudan de neushoorn
Nog tragischer is zijn nalatenschap, aangezien hij twee vrouwtjes, een dochter en kleindochter achterlaat als de laatst overgebleven leden van hun ondersoort.

©Shutterstock

Boom van Ténéré
De Boom van Ténéré in de Sahara was ooit de enige boom in een gebied van 400 km en stond tientallen jaren alleen.

©Shutterstock

Boom van Ténéré
Het is waarschijnlijk dat hij samen met vele anderen is ontsproten voordat de woestijn een woestijn werd, maar hij werd de enige overlevende nadat een in 1938 gegraven put hem een ​​constante bron van water gaf.

©Getty Images

Boom van Ténéré
Aan zijn trotse maar eenzame strijd tegen de klok werd abrupt een einde gemaakt in 1973, toen een dronken bestuurder erin slaagde het enige obstakel in de honderden kilometers te bereiken. Een metalen sculptuur neemt nu zijn plaats in de woestijn in.

©Shutterstock

Het eenzaamste eiland ter wereld
Tristan da Cunha is eigenlijk een archipel van vier eilanden, maar er is er maar één bewoond: het eiland Tristan da Cunha. Het is het meest afgelegen bewoonde eiland ter wereld.

©Shutterstock

Het eenzaamste eiland ter wereld
Het buitengewone eiland, een slepend bezit van het Britse rijk, ligt in de verre Zuid-Atlantische Oceaan, duizenden kilometers van zowel de kust van Brazilië als Zuid-Afrika.

©Shutterstock

Het eenzaamste eiland ter wereld
Het eiland heeft ongeveer 250 inwoners, wier enige manier om Tristan in en uit te reizen een zesdaagse boottocht is. Maar de inwoners zijn er naar verluidt dol op!

©Shutterstock

De "Man van het Gat"
Een geïsoleerde inheemse man in Brazilië woont al minstens 22 jaar alleen in het Amazonegebied en noemt hem de eenzaamste man ter wereld.

Er wordt aangenomen dat hij het enige overgebleven lid van zijn stam is, toen vanaf de jaren '80 boeren, illegale houthakkers en landrovers hun grondgebied in Rondônia binnendrongen en hen afslachtten.

©Shutterstock

De "Man van het Gat"
Hij kreeg zijn bijnaam vanwege de enorme gaten die hij in het bos heeft gegraven, om dieren in te vangen of zich voor mensen te verstoppen.

©Shutterstock

De "Man van het Gat"
Niemand kent de naam van zijn stam of de taal die hij spreekt, maar FUNAI, het Braziliaanse departement voor inheemse zaken, heeft het land waarop hij leeft beschermd, ondanks dat hij naar verluidt pijlen heeft afgevuurd op medewerkers die contact met hem proberen op te nemen.

©Shutterstock

De "Man van het Gat"
In 2018 bracht FUNAI zeldzame videobeelden uit van de man die halfnaakt in het bos stond en vurig met een bijl zwaaide. Helaas stierf de "Man of the Hole" in 2022.

{ http://starsinsider.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 15:48 geschreven door peter  

Is er een zesde oceaan op aarde ontstaan?

Tektonische plaatbewegingen hebben ervoor gezorgd dat het Afrikaanse continent in tweeën is gesplitst sinds de start van de Oost-Afrikaanse Riftbreuk, een 56 kilometer lange kloof in de Ethiopische woestijn, in 2005.

Volgens onderzoekers laat de platentektoniek in Ethiopië zien dat het Afrikaanse continent zich aan het splitsen is, wat de weg vrijmaakt voor de geboorte van de zesde oceaan op aarde.

Het scheidingsproces tussen de Somalische tektonische plaat en de Nubische tektonische plaat is aan de gang sinds de opkomst van de Oost-Afrikaanse Rift in 2005.

Deze geleidelijke scheiding van de platen zal resulteren in de verdeling van het op een na grootste continent ter wereld in tweeën, een fenomeen dat al honderden miljoenen jaren niet meer is waargenomen, toen Zuid-Amerika en Afrika afzonderlijke continenten vormden.

Deze conclusies zijn gebaseerd op een onderzoek uit 2004, gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Earth and Planetary Science Letters, waaruit bleek dat de platen elk jaar een paar millimeter uit elkaar gaan.

Landen die momenteel geen toegang hebben tot de zee, zoals bijvoorbeeld Ethiopië of Oeganda, zullen een nieuwe kustlijn langs deze nieuwe oceaan zien verschijnen.

“De wateren van de Golf van Aden en de Rode Zee zullen over de Afar-regio naar de Oost-Afrikaanse Riftvallei stromen om een ​​nieuwe oceaan te vormen, en dit deel van Oost-Afrika zal een klein, onafhankelijk continent worden”, voorspelt professor Ken McDonald, emeritus aan de Universiteit van Californië.

© Open Edition Books© Aangeboden door Tagtik

• (Tagtik/Source : Jerusalem Post/Main picture: Atypik dgn via Unsplash/Map: Open Edition Books)

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

27-12-2023 om 14:50 geschreven door peter  

This Man Remembers 95% Of His Alien Abduction: Reptilian Aliens Left Sobering Message for Humanity

There are many cases where individuals claim to have been abducted by aliens. Such stories lack perfect evidence of alien abduction but the injuries, body marks, lost memories, and details given by the witnesses sign a strange phenomenon that had happened to them. One such interesting incident occurred with Jim Sparks, who claimed to had been in a relationship with extraterrestrials, also known as “the Keepers,” for a long time.

Jim Sparks, the author of the book “The Keepers,” is considered to be the only alien contactee who remembers 95% of his encounters with aliens. It includes time travel, invisibility, multi-dimensionality, and manipulation of gravity and electromagnetic fields.

Originally, Sparks’ real name was Vincent Sparacino, he was born in an Italian family on November 15, 1954. He spent his childhood in Southern Florida and then moved to Texas in 1979. Later, he bought raw land in North Carolina and started living a happy life with his wife as a landowner but at the same time, he preserved land for trees.

Sparks’ first encounter with the otherworldly beings took place in 1988 at the age of 34. He said it was 3:30 a.m., and he was fully conscious of what was happening around him. He woke up by the low-pitched, whirling sound in his head. Soon, he realized that his body was paralyzed, and he could move neither his arms nor legs.

“I’m usually pulled the same way, which I call the ‘hard way’, and it’s completely physical. My whole body is taken. I wake up from my natural sleep, and then there’s the whirling sensation in the pit of my stomach and it feels like its’ coming up into my chest. when it gets up to my heart area, my heart starts beating fast, just racing in my head, and the whirling sound starts picking up rpm and is tremendously loud. It starts low and rises in pitch and screams in your head. The fear is like you’re going to die. Your heart is racing a million miles an hour and then you get this acceleration feeling, but I always feel like I’m being pulled down; I never feel like I’m being pulled up. It’s like I go down a rollercoaster, only a hundred times faster, and whoom-you black out and you’re there, where it is you’re going to be, usually on board a craft.”

Sparks was 100% sure that he was pulled from his bed through the ceiling as other abductees have also claimed. The aliens have the technology that can create a field capable to move humans and other things through solid matter. What’s more, it could make things invisible. Sparks remembered that after he regained his consciousness, he found himself in a craft.

His next encounter happened in May 1995, but this one was a life-changing experience. During this meeting, he encountered reptilian humanoids. He was again pulled up through the ceiling, again paralyzed, blacked out, and was taken to an abandoned amusement park. He felt no fear that time, he even enjoyed the ride.

“As my eyes opened, I saw that I was at least a thousand feet above the ground and slowly descending. Below me was an abandoned carnival park. I was floating over a large, old-fashioned wooden rollercoaster and I wasn’t scared! I was calm and relaxed, and the ride was so gentle I was actually enjoying it.”

When Sparks landed on the ground, he found out that he was surrounded by dozens of tall humanoid creatures. Two-meter-tall aliens were standing around him in a closed circle, and everyone was looking at the alien on Sparks’ left. His face was covered with a luminous hologram superimposed by a human face.

The reptoids communicated through telepathy with Sparks. And it seemed to him that they were all directing their thoughts to the alien on his left. That is, it turned out that they had one mind.

Read also:

• USAF Flight Nurse Interviewed Alien Named Airl, Said Earth Was Alien Prison Before 30,000 BCE
• Aliens From Andromeda Told US Army Personnel That Humans Are Composite of 22 different E.T. races
• Charlie Red Star: Alien Spaceship Visited Canadian Nuclear Site Every Night In 1975
• Story Of ‘Star People’ By Indian Elder & Alien Ship Crashed In 1945, Rescued By Mothership After Month

He could see the moving lips of the alien with a human face, but he heard a voice in his head. The reptoids told him telepathically that their civilization had long been in contact with the government leaders and heads of power. As a result, it was possible to reach certain agreements that are kept secret from people, since humanity was not ready for the truth.

In particular, an agreement was reached with the governments to improve the environmental conditions on the planet with the help of alien devices and technologies provided to them, but they violated this agreement.

“It was also agreed that, in the meantime, steps would be taken to correct the environmental condition of your planet with our advice and technology. We say advice, because we respect the fact that this is your planet, not ours. Your government also broke this agreement.”

According to the alien, the water of the Earth is contaminated, plants, trees, and forests are dying, also several breaks have formed in the human food chain. “You have an amount of nuclear and biological weapons which include nuclear and biological contamination.”

The planet is overpopulated to a critical level, and this can lead to the end of humanity. Then, the aliens suggested better ways to derive energy and provide food to people without destroying Earth. And some people in the governments are familiar with these technologies, but they are not taking any action because they take clean energy and abundant food as a security threat.

At the end of the conversation, the aliens said that in the near future, they would share more information with Sparks because of his work of saving trees.

Before they went away, Sparks requested them to show him their real appearance. The aliens warned him that it might scare him, but he insisted. Near the aliens, a greenish luminous spot appeared in the air, which gradually became brighter. It highlighted the enormous growth of the creatures, whose bodies were covered with powerful muscles. Their heads were like snakes. These were representatives of the reptoid civilization. The diamond-shaped eyes shone with red pupils.

“Their faces looked like a cross between a lizard and a snake — nothing at all like the little grey guys.”

After the communication with aliens, Sparks realized that the Reptoids were interested in saving humanity only to fulfill their needs because the disorientation in the human civilization could impose a serious threat to their own efforts.

He was well aware of the fact that if he told his story by himself, there might have been consequences and probably he would end up in some mental hospital, so he took the help of famous American investigative journalist Linda Moulton Howe to spread his story.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 00:36 geschreven door peter  

BY LAURENCE TOGNETTI

While Dragonfly will conduct the most in-depth surface exploration of Titan, this will not be the first spacecraft to land on Titan’s surface, as that honor goes to the European Space Agency’s Huygens probe, which landed on Titan’s surface in January 2005 and transmitted data for approximately 90 minutes after touchdown before its batteries ran out. Additionally, Titan was studied in-depth by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft at various times throughout its mission between 2004 and 2017. But with all this science having already been conducted by these robotic explorers, what additional science could be conducted by a human mission to Titan compared to a robotic mission?

“Similar to Mars, human boots on the ground could accomplish more exploration science faster than robots,” Dr. Barnes tells Universe Today. “Additionally, should life or prebiotic chemistry be found on Titan, people on-site could more safely study such life without risk of backward contamination to Earth. Finally, because of its safety, Titan is a prime target for long-term human habitation as we progress outward into the solar system.”

In terms of an orbital versus a surface mission for humans to Titan, Dr. Barnes tells Universe Today, “Orbital missions with people don’t make sense for science. Robotic orbiters do a great job, and our experience has shown that human remote sensing doesn’t provide any advantages over the robots. But a long-term surface mission with a base and surface mobility could open up an entire world of science.”

This “world of science” includes up-close investigations of Titan’s prebiotic chemistry, biochemistry, and organic chemistry, along with how Titan’s atmosphere and seas and lakes of liquid methane could influence such chemical reactions for both the short and long term. However, living on Titan’s surface would also come with its myriad of challenges, as well. While Titan is well-shielded from harmful solar radiation, its surface is both unbearably cold and extremely dark, as surface temperatures have been measured at -179.2 degrees Celsius (-290.6 degrees Fahrenheit) and Titan’s surface is estimated to receive only 0.1 percent of the sunlight that Earth receives. But, how else could this “world of science” pose additional challenges to human explorers on Titan’s surface?

“Challenges on the surface could be that the very organic molecules that make Titan so interesting could prove carcinogenic to a crew if pains are not taken to avoid getting them into the habitat,” Dr. Barnes tells Universe Today. “Another challenge is generating power out there — you’d basically need to bring a nuclear reactor with you, because there’d be no native way to generate the power needed to drive crewed exploration.”

In addition to the challenges of living on Titan’s surface, there is also the concern of the distance and travel time to the Saturnian system from Earth, as several missions have taken a minimum of several years to reach the Saturnian system, even if they took a direct route. For example, NASA’s Pioneer 11 spacecraft launched in 1973 and needed six and a half years to reach Saturn after flying by Jupiter. Only a few years later, NASA’s Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft were launched in 1977 and required three years and two months and four years, respectively, to reach Saturn after they conducted flybys of Jupiter. While NASA’s Cassini mission conducted the most in-depth investigation of Saturn and its many moons, the spacecraft still required six years and nine months to get to Saturn after conducting two gravity assists at Venus, one at Earth, and one at Jupiter.

Currently, the fastest spacecraft to reach Saturn is NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft, which only required two years and four months to reach the ringed planet on its direct trajectory to Pluto. Therefore, even if a human mission were to take a direct route to Titan, it would still require a minimum of two years to arrive. Therefore, this lengthy travel time could hamper any resupply or rescue operation to Titan for a human mission.

“The travel time would be so long that any such expedition would need to be a pretty massive undertaking,” Dr. Barnes tells Universe Today. “Although astronauts would be safe on Titan’s surface from radiation, they would be subject to damage from solar storms en-route, at least while in the inner solar system. They’d be so far away from home that there would be no possibility of rescue if their systems failed, so plenty of backups would need to be brought along.”

Will we ever send humans to Titan? Will we learn more science than from a robotic mission like Dragonfly, and what will such a mission teach us about living and working so far from Earth? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

27-12-2023 om 00:17 geschreven door peter  

BY LAURENCE TOGNETTI

The goal of Dream Chaser is to provide a more cost-effective method for delivering cargo and supplies to the ISS, as while the spaceplane will be launched on a rocket, it will land like an airplane just like NASA’s Space Shuttle used to do. This will further enable its reusability capabilities, as NASA has contracted Dream Chaser for a minimum of six cargo resupply missions to the ISS during its contract.

Dream Chaser’s maiden flight next year will be a collaboration between flight and ground controllers at the Dream Chaser Mission Control Center in Louisville, Colorado, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Texas. During this flight, Tenacity will conduct a myriad of in-flight tests after launch and prior to docking with the ISS. This includes performing vehicle maneuvering demonstrations within the ISS approach ellipsoid, which is a 4 x 2 x 2-kilometer (2.5 x 1.25 x 1.25-mile) invisible border encircling the ISS.

Unlike the autonomous docking system employed on SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft, Dream Chaser will be docked and undocked to the ISS using the Canadarm2, which is a 17-meter-long (56-foot-long) robotic arm built by the Canadian Space Agency and installed on the ISS in 2001. During this mission, Tenacity is slated to deliver more than 3,500 kilograms (7,800 pounds) to the ISS and stay docked with the orbiting laboratory for approximately 45 days before being undocked by Canadarm2 and returning to Earth.

Once Dream Chaser is greenlit for future flights after this first mission, it will be capable of delivering approximately 5,200 kilograms (11,500 pounds) of supplies to the ISS while staying docked for up to 75 days. Additionally, Dream Chaser will be capable of returning more than 1,600 kilograms (3,500 pounds) of experiments and cargo from the ISS to Earth, with more than 4,000 kilograms (8,700 pounds) of trash being discarded during Earth reentry using the Shooting Star cargo module.

How will Dream Chaser help improve outer space exploration in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

26-12-2023 om 23:48 geschreven door peter  

BY LAURENCE TOGNETTI

The goal of Dream Chaser is to provide a more cost-effective method for delivering cargo and supplies to the ISS, as while the spaceplane will be launched on a rocket, it will land like an airplane just like NASA’s Space Shuttle used to do. This will further enable its reusability capabilities, as NASA has contracted Dream Chaser for a minimum of six cargo resupply missions to the ISS during its contract.

Dream Chaser’s maiden flight next year will be a collaboration between flight and ground controllers at the Dream Chaser Mission Control Center in Louisville, Colorado, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Texas. During this flight, Tenacity will conduct a myriad of in-flight tests after launch and prior to docking with the ISS. This includes performing vehicle maneuvering demonstrations within the ISS approach ellipsoid, which is a 4 x 2 x 2-kilometer (2.5 x 1.25 x 1.25-mile) invisible border encircling the ISS.

Unlike the autonomous docking system employed on SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft, Dream Chaser will be docked and undocked to the ISS using the Canadarm2, which is a 17-meter-long (56-foot-long) robotic arm built by the Canadian Space Agency and installed on the ISS in 2001. During this mission, Tenacity is slated to deliver more than 3,500 kilograms (7,800 pounds) to the ISS and stay docked with the orbiting laboratory for approximately 45 days before being undocked by Canadarm2 and returning to Earth.

Once Dream Chaser is greenlit for future flights after this first mission, it will be capable of delivering approximately 5,200 kilograms (11,500 pounds) of supplies to the ISS while staying docked for up to 75 days. Additionally, Dream Chaser will be capable of returning more than 1,600 kilograms (3,500 pounds) of experiments and cargo from the ISS to Earth, with more than 4,000 kilograms (8,700 pounds) of trash being discarded during Earth reentry using the Shooting Star cargo module.

How will Dream Chaser help improve outer space exploration in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

26-12-2023 om 23:48 geschreven door peter  

To show how this works, the team simulated chemical interactions right at the interface between the atmosphere and the rocky surface. Their simulations showed that chemical equilibrium for simple molecules such as carbon dioxide the atmosphere of Venus can be used to probe the composition of its surface, and depending on surface temperature, Venus-like exoplanets could see strong interactions for more complex molecules CaA_l2Si₂O₈ and MgAl₂O₄.

In other words, under the right circumstances, small rocky worlds closely orbiting their warm star are excellent candidates for this kind of study. What we learn about their atmospheres can open a window on the composition of their surface, and even their geological activity. We could even determine whether certain minerals are present or absent on the surface of an exoplanet, without ever viewing its surface directly.

This kind of information is vital to our understanding of how terrestrial planets form. Previous studies have already shown that our solar system is rather unusual and that a solar system free of large planets in the inner solar system is rare. By understanding the evolution and composition of the inner planets of other stars, we will learn why our solar system is unusual, and perhaps even learn if life such as ours is common or rare in the Universe.

Reference: 

• Byrne, Xander, et al. “Atmospheres as a Window to Rocky Exoplanet Surfaces.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2023): stad3914.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

26-12-2023 om 23:35 geschreven door peter  

©Getty Images

De meest sinistere vrijgegeven CIA-operaties
De Central Intelligence Agency, beter bekend als de CIA, heeft sinds de officiële oprichting in 1947 angst, achterdocht en nieuwsgierigheid gewekt. Voordat het de CIA heette, stond het bekend als het Office of Strategic Services, en was het verantwoordelijk voor een aantal zaken. van de meest geheime operaties tijdens en na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Als CIA is de organisatie berucht geworden vanwege haar schijnbare minachting voor het federale en internationale recht, en wordt ervan verdacht een aantal projecten af te handelen waar zelfs de president van de Verenigde Staten niet van op de hoogte is. Van het omverwerpen van regeringen en het organiseren van false flag-operaties tot het introduceren van een van 's werelds meest verslavende drugs in de VS: de geheime operaties van de CIA die aan het licht zijn gekomen, zijn op zijn minst fascinerend om over te lezen.

Gefascineerd? Lees verder voor meer informatie over enkele van de vrijgegeven daden van de CIA.

©Getty Images

Het Manhattan Project
Het Manhattan Project is misschien wel de meest bekende geheime operatie van de Amerikaanse regering en had verwoestende gevolgen. Het werd in 1939 gestart en geleid door Robert Oppenheimer en had het doel om de mogelijkheid te onderzoeken om atoomenergie als wapen in te zetten. Dat werd al snel duidelijk.

©Getty Images

Het Manhattan Project
In augustus 1945 werden twee atoombommen op de Japanse steden Hiroshima en Nagasaki gegooid, waarmee aan de wereld werd bewezen dat atoomenergie in feite als wapen kon worden gebruikt om onvoorstelbare schade en lijden aan te richten.

©Getty Images

Project 1794
Het was een geweldige dag voor UFO-fans toen de Amerikaanse regering in 2012 een groot aantal documenten vrijgaf waarin het plan om een ​​vliegende schotel te bouwen gedocumenteerd was. Hoewel de door de overheid uitgegeven schotel niet zou worden gebruikt voor buitenaardse ambities, zou het een geheim wapen zijn dat wordt gebruikt in de strijd tegen de Sovjets.

©Getty Images

Project 1794
Project 1794 begon in de jaren vijftig en duurde niet lang. Het voorgestelde vliegtuig had een aantal hoge doelen om waar te maken, zoals een topsnelheid van vier keer de snelheid van het licht, een maximale hoogtebereik van 30.480 meter en een geschat prijskaartje van $ 26 miljoen. In 1961 werd na enkele voorbereidende tests geconcludeerd dat met de technologie van die tijd, deze doelen niet haalbaar waren.

©Public Domain

Project MK-Ultra
Dit project, bekend als MK-Ultra, was het uitgebreide onderzoek van de regering naar het gebruik van geestverruimende stoffen en hun vermogen om soldaten en burgers te hypnotiseren. Het werd in 1953 gestart en geleid door Sydney Gottlieb en kostte ten minste $ 10 miljoen ($ 87,5 wanneer rekening wordt gehouden met inflatie) aan belastinggeld om de effecten van verschillende chemicaliën, met name LSD, op nietsvermoedende proefpersonen te bestuderen.

©Public Domain

Project MK-Ultra
Talloze CIA-agenten en willekeurige personen kregen het medicijn toegediend zonder dat ze op de hoogte waren gesteld, een directe schending van de Neurenberg-code. Eén slachtoffer, een patiënt in een psychiatrische inrichting in Kentucky, kreeg 174 dagen lang elke dag LSD.

©Public Domain

Operatie Paperclip
Terwijl de Verenigde Staten en de Sovjet-Unie tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog nog bondgenoten waren, veranderde dat snel aan het begin van de Koude Oorlog. De landen werden vijanden van elkaar.

©Getty Images

Operatie Paperclip
Een van de meer twijfelachtige en weinig bekende strategieën die door de Amerikaanse regering zijn bedacht, stond bekend als Operatie Paperclip. De beste nazi-wetenschappers die niet waren berecht in de processen van Neurenberg, werden banen aanboden binnen de Amerikaanse regering. Veel van deze personen, waaronder een hooggeplaatst lid van de nazi-partij Wernher von Braun, zouden met NASA gaan werken aan hun ruimteprogramma.

©Getty Images

Project Mockingbird
Project Mockingbird was een geheime afluisteroperatie die werd uitgevoerd op bevel van president John F. Kennedy tussen maart en juni 1963. Het werd geheim gehouden tot 2001.

©Getty Images

Project Mockingbird
Het eerste doelwit van de telefoontaps was New York Times-verslaggever Hanson Baldwin. Hij had vertrouwelijke informatie in de krant gepubliceerd waarin de atoomarsenalen van de Verenigde Staten en de USSR in een artikel werden vergeleken. In de loop van de operatie werden echter ook twee andere journalisten aangevallen.

©Public Domain

Operation Washtub
Kort na het uitbreken van de Koude Oorlog begonnen de Verenigde Staten voorzorgsmaatregelen te nemen in het geval dat de Sovjet-Unie Amerikaans grondgebied zou binnendringen. Een van deze veiligheidsmaatregelen begon in de vroege jaren 1950 en werd Operation Washtub genoemd.

©Getty Images

Operation Washtub
Operatie Washtub bestond uit het in het geheim organiseren van een aantal gewone inwoners van Alaska tot een groep spionnen, decoders en potentiële verzetsstrijders. Deze groepen werden gewoonlijk opgericht door de CIA en de NAVO in heel Europa, maar de Washtub-groep was de enige waarvan bekend is dat die zich op Amerikaanse bodem begaf.

©Getty Images

Acoustic Kitty
Dit CIA-plan uit de Koude Oorlog kreeg de speelse bijnaam Acoustic Kitty en had het potentieel een revolutionair nieuw surveillance-systeem te worden. Acoustic Kitty ontstond in de jaren zestig en omvatte het chirurgisch plaatsen van een kleine microfoon in de gehoorgang van katten, die vervolgens werden losgelaten in de buurt van Sovjet-ambassades.

©Getty Images

Acoustic Kitty
Echter bleken de katten, zoals te verwachten was, niet zo goed in het opvolgen van bevelen. Nadat de eerste vierbenige agent bijna onmiddellijk werd aangereden door een taxi en nog een paar van het doel afdwaalden, werd het project beëindigd.

©Public Domain

De ontvoering van Luna 3
In de jaren zestig was de Space Race in volle gang en nam de Sovjet-Unie de leiding. In 1959 hadden ze vanaf een afgelegen basis in Kazachstan met succes een raket, Luna 3, naar de maan gelanceerd, waar het het eerste ruimtevaartuig werd dat de donkere kant van de maan bereikte en fotografeerde.

©Public Domain

De ontvoering van Luna 3
Toen Luna 3 terugkeerde naar de aarde, stuurden de Sovjets het op een publiciteitstour. De CIA, die natuurlijk alles wilde weten over deze baanbrekende satelliet, brak tijdens een nacht in de vrachtwagen die de raket vervoerde. De satelliet werd in één nacht volledig gedemonteerd en van elk onderdeel werden foto's gemaakt. Het ruimtevaartuig werd voor het ochtendgloren weer in elkaar gezet. Blijkbaar is de Sovjet-Unie er nooit achter gekomen. Tenminste, toentertijd.

©Getty Images

De herverdeling van 'Doctor Zhivago'
Kunst en literatuur zijn altijd al een van de meest waardevolle wapens geweest in een cultuuroorlog. Hierdoor kunnen boeken om verschillende redenen worden verbannen. In de Sovjet-Unie werden talloze boeken verboden en werden auteurs gecensureerd omdat ze 'antirevolutionair' of aanspoorde tot individualisme waren. Een van deze boeken die tijdens de Koude Oorlog verboden was, was de Russische klassieker 'Doctor Zhivago' van Boris Pasternak (foto).

©Public Domain

De herverdeling van 'Doctor Zhivago'
De CIA had 'Doctor Zhivago' gelezen en zag het als manier om de SU in verlegenheid te brengen. Met de hulp van Nederlandse uitgevers en diplomaten van het Vaticaan heeft de CIA ongeveer 1.000 exemplaren van de roman laten drukken en verspreid op de Wereldtentoonstelling van 1958.

©Getty Images

Operatie Mongoose
Als er iets is waar de CIA vooral om bekend staat, dan is het wel het helpen afzetten van buitenlandse leiders. In de jaren zestig gaf het bureau vooral prioriteit aan de moord op of het ontslag uit het ambt van de Cubaanse revolutionaire leider Fidel Castro. Onder de codenaam Operatie Mongoose werden tussen 1961 en 1963 een hele reeks mislukte moordpogingen uitgevoerd.

©Getty Images

Operatie Mongoose
Operatie Mongoose was verantwoordelijk voor meer dan 600 aanslagen op Castro's leven. Enkele van de meer creatieve plannen waren gasvormige LSD, het omkopen van de Amerikaanse gangster Sam Giancana (foto) om een ​​aanslag te plegen, en vergiftigd ijs.

©Getty Images

Project Iceworm
Een van de problemen van vroege nucleaire raketten was hun beperkte bereik, wat een bijzonder hinderlijk obstakel was wanneer je potentiële doelwit een paar duizend kilometer verderop ligt. Een van de manieren waarop de Amerikaanse regering, met de hulp van de CIA, dit probleem probeerde te omzeilen, was door geheime raketsilo's te bouwen in de poolcirkel, onder de Groenlandse ijskap.

©Getty Images

Project Iceworm
Zeven jaar lang was Denemarken zich totaal niet bewust van het complex dat onder hun grondgebied werd gebouwd. Het project werd uiteindelijk in 1966 afgeblazen, nadat verschuivingen in de ijskap het plan onhaalbaar maakten.

©Public Domain

Project Horizon
In 1959, 10 jaar voordat NASA met succes een man op de maan zette, maakte de Amerikaanse regering enkele uiterst optimistische plannen voor een aantal permanente militaire bases op de maan, onder de naam Project Horizon.

©Getty Images

Project Horizon
De buitenposten, die in 1966 operationeel hadden moeten zijn, zouden 147 shuttles nodig hebben gehad om al het benodigde materiaal te vervoeren en zouden worden bemand door 16 Amerikaanse soldaten. President Dwight D. Eisenhower sloot het project snel af toen de verantwoordelijkheid voor ruimteverkenning van interne agentschappen naar NASA was verplaatst.

©Getty Images

De ongeoorloofde surveillance van de FBI
De FBI, een iets minder geheimzinnig agentschap van de regering van de VS, kwam in 2015 onder wijdverbreide controle te staan ​​nadat een onderzoeksrapport gepubliceerd door de Associated Press onthulde dat ze het Amerikaanse volk van bovenaf hadden gesurveilleerd.

©Getty Images

De ongeoorloofde surveillance van de FBI
Het rapport legde uit dat de FBI kleine vliegtuigen had gebruikt die waren geregistreerd voor nep-private bedrijven in het hele land om mobiele telefoongesprekken af ​​te luisteren en videobeelden van boven op te nemen. Binnen een periode van 30 dagen werden deze bewakingsvliegtuigen gespot in 30 verschillende Amerikaanse steden.

©Getty Images

De nucleaire testen op Bikini Atoll
Als je aan nucleaire testlocaties denkt, dan stel je je dat waarschijnlijk voor als een desolaat gebied. Echter is een van de zwaarst gebombardeerde locaties in de Amerikaanse geschiedenis, een paradijs in de Stille Oceaan.

©Getty Images

De nucleaire testen op Bikini Atoll
Direct na het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog en de bombardementen op Hiroshima en Nagasaki gingen de kernproeven op volle kracht door op de Marshalleilanden, met name op het Bikini-atol, waar tussen 1946 en 1958 23 atoombommen tot ontploffing werden gebracht. Deze eilanden waren oorspronkelijk niet onbewoond. De bijna 200 inwoners, die de eilanden hun thuis noemden, werden met geweld verjaagd.

©Getty Images

De B-52-crash in 1968
In 1968 maakte een B-52-bommenwerpervliegtuig met vier atoombommen, routinerondes rond de Thule-luchthavenbasis van Groenland toen het onverwacht neerstortte. De autoriteiten gingen daarna onmiddellijk op zoek naar de nucleaire lading van het vliegtuig en vertelden kort daarna dat ze de volledige lading hadden veiliggesteld. Pas in 2008 rapporteerde de BBC over geheime documenten waaruit bleek dat een van de bommen nooit was gevonden.

Bronnen:

• (NPR)
• (Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum)
• (MIT Technology Review)
• (Associated Press)

{ http://starsinsider.com/}

26-12-2023 om 23:08 geschreven door peter