Actual Footage Of Bob Lazar With John Lear; Witnessed Testing Alien Craft At Area 51

Bob Lazar is a controversial figure in the UFOlogy community, who claims to have worked on reverse engineering extraterrestrial technology at a site called S-4, located near  Area 51 in Nevada. Moreover, Gene Huff, Lazar’s former colleague, also claimed to have worked at S-4 and seen extraterrestrial spacecraft.

There is a  video of Bob Lazar hanging with Huff and Lear in the Nevada desert. It is claimed that Lazar reportedly took Gene Huff and five other people to the edge of Groom Mountain on two consecutive weeks, where they could observe strange, glowing objects lifting off the mountain. They managed to dodge security patrol to witness these events.

Bob Lazar is a controversial figure in the UFOlogy community, who claims to have worked on reverse engineering extraterrestrial technology at a site called S-4, located near  Area 51 in Nevada. Moreover, Gene Huff, Lazar’s former colleague, also claimed to have worked at S-4 and seen extraterrestrial spacecraft.

There is a  video of Bob Lazar hanging with Huff and Lear in the Nevada desert. It is claimed that Lazar reportedly took Gene Huff and five other people to the edge of Groom Mountain on two consecutive weeks, where they could observe strange, glowing objects lifting off the mountain. They managed to dodge security patrol to witness these events.

“It came up above the same mountain, moved around it, and did a step move. It actually went up in the air like this and hovered then dropped way down then it just floated around and cruised around and then it started coming up to the mountain range,” Huff said.

A videotape was recorded during one of the trips to the groom mountains, where all the witnesses saw a bright light moving up in the sky. At some point, John Lear, who had worked for the CIA as a pilot, appeared in the video, speaking of his experience during the trip. He admitted visiting eight miles due east of Groom Lake, Nevada, at the government secret test site on March 22, 1989.

Lear said:

“March 22nd, 1989, we’re standing just about eight miles due east of Groom Lake, Nevada – the super-government secret test site – and just a few minutes ago, we saw one of the government’s extraterrestrial UFOs fly over there. We all watched it for about seven or eight minutes. Right here, I have my Celestron scope, it’s eight inches, and I had it focused in for about 15 seconds and saw it myself. In fact, it is what it is.

We are going to stay here for another couple of hours here to see if we can show you, folks, an actual extraterrestrial flying saucer being flown by the government. So if you just came by and we’ll be looking over that mountain, which is where they are. They also come over here, which is over at Bald Mountain.

There is some lights over there which you cannot see but there are a number of trucks. We do not know whether they are looking down here…We are standing on public land. It is completely legal where we are. And if you’d like to come here later in the show, we’ll tell you exactly how to get you…We have Bob Lazar and we have Joy Lazar, Bob’s wife and we have Gene Huff. This mission was organized tonight by Bob Lazar, who is a theoretical physicist who works at Groom Lake.”

Gene Huff testimony

Before going into Huff’s statement on the incident, we should know the relationship between Lazar and Huff. Huff has a background in real estate appraisal and has known Lazar for many years, both before and after his alleged involvement in a flying disc reverse engineering program at S-4. In “The Lazar Synopsis by Gene Huff,” he wrote that he was introduced to Bob Lazar in the mid-1980s after moving to Las Vegas in 1979.

Along with Lazar, Huff co-produced the  video “The Lazar Tape and Excerpts from the Government Bible” and wrote the screenplay for “S4, The Bob Lazar Story,” which has been considered by Hollywood studios but has not yet been made into a film. Huff has also been involved in other ventures with Lazar, such as co-owning Tri-Dot Productions and producing the “Desert Blast” summer event featuring fireworks, guns, and explosives.

Huff wrote: “The first Wednesday, March 22, 1989, we arrived right at dusk, turned our lights off, and went in about 5 miles on the  Groom Lake road. Soon we saw a bright light rise above the mountains which were between us and S4. The light begins jumping and dancing around, doing step moves in the sky, then would come to a dead stop and hover, etc.”

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He continued: “The light repeated this type of activity for a few minutes, which was thrilling, but it was so far away we could only see so much. This activity by the object was blatant, and it wasn’t our eyes playing tricks on us with starlight and planet light being distorted by the atmosphere or clouds or anything of that sort. Eventually, the light slowly sat back down behind the mountains.”

During their next visits on consecutive Wednesdays (March 29 and April 5, 1989), Huff said they observed a disc-shaped object in the sky that appeared to approach closer to them and had a bright glow, which they attributed to its method of propulsion and the way it distorted space and light. They were so startled by the object that they moved behind the open trunk of their car for protection.

On their April 5 visit, they were chased by security personnel and issued a warning for approaching a military installation. They also had a run-in with a local police officer, who took their IDs and radioed them into the security base station. Clearly, they had a strong interest in observing UFOs and were not pleased with the response they received from security and law enforcement.

Note: 

Bob Lazar was an employee of the military defense contractor, EG&G. Huff explained that on the following day, when Lazar reported to EG&G, he was stopped by a security man, Dennis Mariani, who told him they would not be flying out to Groom and instead drove him to Indian Springs Air Force Base.

At Indian Springs, Lazar was debriefed, reprimanded, and his security clearance was revoked for bringing his friends to watch the disc test. The security personnel also told Lazar that if they caught any of his friends again, they would arrest them for espionage. They also showed Lazar transcripts of his wife’s phone conversations with her boyfriend, indicating that they had also been monitoring her.

After losing his job and his wife, Lazar decided to go on television to expose what was happening in Area 51. However, he faced retaliation from the authorities, including a threat and a shooting of his car’s tire. Lazar decided to work with journalist George Knapp to expose the story.

Medium user SignalsIntelUFO has done great work by transcribing over 50 interviews of Bob Lazar with in-depth information. Bob claimed to have been hired as a physicist at Los Alamos in May 1982. For evidence about his employment, there is an article written by Terry England on June 30, 1982. “To Lazar, a physicist at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility, the important thing is the jet engine. It’s something he’s been working on for years,” England wrote.

In July 2020, during Joe Rogan’s podcast with Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, Corbell said he asked Terry England about Bob Lazar’s occupation as a physicist at Los Alamos. Corbell said: “Look, here’s the point, you said Bob Lazar was a physicist at Los Alamos. So how did you base that? You’re writing a paper…” and he [England] goes “yeah,” — and it got picked up by AP news — he goes “if I [England] had misrepresented that he was a physicist at Los Alamos I would have been blackballed by everybody at Los Alamos. They take that very seriously. He was a physicist. I reported it. AP News picked it up, they repeated it. Not word one from anybody saying he wasn’t a physicist at Los Alamos.”

In July 2020, during Joe Rogan’s podcast with Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, Corbell said he asked Terry England about Bob Lazar’s occupation as a physicist at Los Alamos.  There are two former lab employees who worked directly with Bob. The first one is a physicist named John Jarmer, and the second one, according to SignalsIntelUFO, had an administrative role but remained to be unidentified. Jarmer worked at the lab for over two decades in the Polarized Proton section. Besides, Joe Vaninetti, who worked alongside Bob,is listed as an author on multiple original research papers with John Jarmer.

There are other documents and accounts stating that Lazar had worked at S-4, a government laboratory near  Groom lake. Richard Geldreich has done great research in connecting the dots to Bob Lazar’s mystery. Exactly as Lazar had described it in the 1980s, a craft of unknown origin can be seen spinning and flying belly-up in one of the US Navy’s declassified UFO  videos. “The craft that I worked on, that when it’s going to travel a long distance, that is how it operates. It puts its belly to the target and then brings all of the amplifiers to power, and you know it shoots off in that direction It doesn’t fly as it would in a science-fiction movie. It flies with the belly, the bottom, forward,” Lazar said. (Source)

Take a look at the so-called Gimbal UFO if the preceding description of a tilting spacecraft seems at all familiar to you. In 2017, the Pentagon made a video available online. In 2015, naval pilots flying off the coast of Florida came face to face with a fleet of unknown ships. Since then, they have had scores of further encounters of a similar nature.

“In the Gimbal video, there’s a mechanistic turn against the wind without deceleration, and so we have a craft without rotors, without heat signatures, without plums, without tail fins, and certainly no tail number, moving in a way that is counterintuitive to our aeronautics,” filmmaker Jeremy Corbell said. “When Bob saw it, he said it has to be a gravity-propelled craft. That it does mimic the propulsion system, Bob Lazar described.”

It is eerie. When Lazar initially began discussing the possibility of using Element 115 as a power source for antigravitational propulsion, the element was not even included on the periodic table. Now it is. It does not seem like much of a coincidence, does it?

“The study of UFOs did not end in 1969 with Project Blue Book. That was a lie, and it was an admitted lie by our own Pentagon,” Corbell said. “We are living in a world where it is understood that there are craft technologically advanced from an unknown origin that are performing maneuvers that far exceed human technology. It’s been going on a long time, and our government has been studying it.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

08-09-2024 om 22:35 geschreven door peter  

An extra-large glider UUV designed to carry out long-range and long-duration missions in undersea environments, DARPA’s Manta Ray is a formidable new system that inherently limits the need for human logistics on-site. The first images of the completed full-scale Manta Ray prototype were released by Northrop Grumman on April 8, 2024.

Designed with both an appearance and performance that mimic mantas, a species of devil ray well known for the massive size they often grow to reach, the next-generation UUV features a range of technologies that combine energy efficiency and increased payload capacity with optimum propulsion capabilities for undersea operations, offering freedom of operation for traditional sailing vessels and providing data that will advance undersea energy harvesting capabilities.

Manta Ray is designed to be dispatched in subsections to its deployment locations, where it is fully assembled on-site. In keeping with its intended assembly parameters, the Manta Ray prototype used in tests earlier this year was delivered by Northrop Grumman directly from its building site in Maryland to California, where it was quickly completed upon arrival.

The rapid delivery and assembly in advance of testing demonstrated Manta Ray’s ability to be deployed quickly while also conserving space at naval facilities.

Dr. Kyle Woerner, DARPA program manager for Manta Ray, said the full-scale tests allowed the DARPA team to gauge the new underwater vehicle’s capabilities while ensuring that the new UUV and its rapid assembly would allow for smooth operations from the moment each of its modular subsectional components is unboxed.

“The combination of cross-country modular transportation, in-field assembly, and subsequent deployment demonstrates a first-of-kind capability for an extra-large UUV,” Woerner said in a statement.

“Shipping the vehicle directly to its intended area of operation conserves energy that the vehicle would otherwise expend during transit,” Woerner said in a statement, adding that following its deployment, Manta Ray can utilize buoyancy-propelled gliding capabilities that allow it to conserve energy while moving through the water.

Additionally, Manta Ray possesses multiple bays capable of storing payloads of various sizes, which allows it to meet the demands of several different mission types.

Ultimately, Manta Ray’s goal is to aid in developing next-generation long-duration and extended-range UUVs suited for a variety of missions and capable of carrying payloads that will altogether provide unmatched capabilities for future U.S. Navy operations.

According to DARPA, full-scale tests involving the UUV’s energy harvesting system are currently underway with Manta Ray performer PacMar Technologies.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on X: @MicahHanks.

VIDEOS

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

08-09-2024 om 22:06 geschreven door peter  

Police across US given new UFO handbook as they ‘pose significant safety risks’

Lucia Botfield

Police across America have published the first guide on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena – the new name for UFOs -which details encounters between suspected encounters, and how these incidents should be reported.

The report, which is 11 pages long, warns officers of the ‘significant safety risks to law enforcement air support units’ the unidentified flying objects pose, and urge them to be vigilant when travelling in helicopters.

Officers’ stories of UFO confrontations are also included, with one in 2023 where a law employee saw a ‘trangle craft with green lights gliding through the sky’ before a local resident said something ‘ran’ nearby, the Mail Online reports.

The document has been created by police executive as ‘it’s in the interest of law enforcement to be aware of trends and reporting on UAP due to the unknown threat they may pose.’

The organisation, which goes by the name ‘Major Cities Chiefs Association’ or MCCA for short, includes 80 executives from major US cities that work together through community outreach, research and policy development, and more recently, UFO investigations.

Last month, Indian aerospace engineer S. Somanath said there are ‘definitely aliens out there in the universe.’

When asked if life exists in the cosmos, Somanath, who has led the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) since 2022 said: ‘Absolutely, without a doubt. My conscience tells me yes, although I have no proof. As the chairman of ISRO, I am telling you this.’

And Somanath isn’t the only one who believes we are not alone in the universe.

An officer in Blairsville, Georgia, claims to have seen ‘green lights’ in the sky when patrolling in November 2023.

‘I am a police officer and deputy sheriff. While on duty after dark, near the top of my windshield (frame of view) I witnessed movement in the sky (southbound direction of view),’ the officer said in their report.

‘Upon concentrating my focus, viewing through the low light, I was able to make out a triangle craft, with 3 dim green lights per side (just bright enough to assess size, shape, and movement).’

He then lost sight of the craft as it went behind the trees, and because he was inside his vehicle he couldn’t hear anything.

‘I am privy to what helicopters and airplanes look like in the sky, frequently working alongside medical flight crews in the area, and where nearby airports are, making me somewhat familiar with common areas of the sky in which low air travel is common. This was unlike anything I had ever witnessed,’ he continued.

The officer then responded to a call from a resident who had heard something running outside of his home… which did not sound like an animal,’ in the same direction the unidentified object was travelling in.

The new UAP guide will be ‘very handy’ for law enforcement officers, author of Captured by Aliens? A History and Analysis of American Abduction Claims’ Nigel Watson told the Mail Online.

‘The short history of the study of UAPs and the links to organizations where sightings can be reported is very helpful. For me the references to the ex-government ‘whistleblowers’ David Grusch and Luis Elizondo is superfluous as they have only repeated rumors that have circulated for years without any substantial evidence.

‘Although it notes numerous official studies, it does not mention the fact that the US Project Bluebook closed due to their finding such research is of no scientific value. Other projects have also found it very difficult to uncover any real evidence of non-terrestrial craft.

‘The guide also lacks any references to skeptical websites and blogs that would give a more balanced view of the subject and counteract the wilder stories, like the alleged Roswell crash of 1947.

‘Certainly there is now a case to be made that terrestrial UAPs do pose a threat to air safety and national security, but as with this guide, it gets mixed with the science fiction rumors of remarkable non-terrestrial vehicles that have little credibility.’

VIDEOS

{ https://metro.co.uk/ }

08-09-2024 om 18:36 geschreven door peter  

Unidentified Flying Object spotted in Yorkshire Dales

By Andrew Robinson

Mystery objected spotted near Whernside in the Yorkshire Dales 

(Image: North Yorkshire Weather Updates/Facebook)

Observers were left puzzled after spotting a strange unidentified object floating above Whernside, one of Yorkshire's Three Peaks mountains.

The object was reportedly spotted on Saturday afternoon, with photographs taken by at least two people on the ground who were left scratching their heads about what it might be. The area in the Yorkshire Dales is often swarming with Three Peaks walkers heading up or off Whernside which stands at 736m (2,415ft).

The images were shared on the North Yorkshire Weather Updates page on Facebook, prompting a number of fanciful explanations, and a few plausible ones.

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Someone said it looked a bit like the Starship Enterprise from Star Trek. Other explanations included a puff of smoke from a steam train, an afterburn trail from a jet, and a weather balloon.

Several people suggested it was possibly a swarm of bees, flying ants or midges, or maybe even starlings. One man said it resembled a 'mosquito ball' as he'd seen similar sights before.

Quite a number of people posted gifs of various spaceships, aliens, Martians, extra terrestrials, or references to War of the Worlds. Some suggested it was a 'dirty lens' on the camera but two separate photos emerged which suggested this was unlikely.

One man wrote: "The tent from Leeds Festival a couple of weeks ago, still flying...."

• Did you get a video of the Whernside UFO? Email: andrew.robinson@reachplc.com

{ https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/ }

08-09-2024 om 18:18 geschreven door peter  

Story by Aman Dwivedi

"Unveiling the Secrets of Area 51: From Alien Lore to Military Mysteries"

© Provided by Zee News

Nestled in the arid desert of southern Nevada, Area 51 has long captivated the imaginations of conspiracy theorists, UFO enthusiasts, and the general public. Known for its shroud of secrecy, the base has become synonymous with alien lore and government cover-ups. But what exactly is Area 51? Is it truly a testing ground for extraterrestrial technology, or is it simply a highly classified military facility? This article explores the history, myths, and facts surrounding one of the most enigmatic sites in the United States.

1. The Mysterious Origins

Area 51 is located at Groom Lake, a dry lake bed in the Nevada desert, approximately 120 miles northwest of Las Vegas. The base's name originated from its designation on Atomic Energy Commission maps. Although the name "Area 51" has stuck with the public, the military rarely uses it. Established in 1955 as part of the Nevada Test and Training Range complex, the area was initially named "Paradise Ranch" by aerospace company Lockheed, now Lockheed Martin, to attract workers.

2. The Roswell Incident and UFO Lore

The lore of Area 51 is deeply intertwined with the 1947 Roswell incident, where a mysterious object crashed near Roswell, New Mexico. While the government claimed it was a weather balloon, many believe it was a UFO. This event fueled conspiracy theories that Area 51 was used to study alien technology recovered from crash sites, including the alleged Roswell UFO. The secrecy surrounding the base only added to these suspicions.

Related video: 

• 10 Real Photos From INSIDE Area 51 (See To Believe)

3. Secretive Operations and Security Measures

Area 51's primary function has always been as a testing ground for experimental aircraft and weapons systems. The base was originally used to test the U-2 spy plane, followed by other notable aircraft such as the SR-71 Blackbird and the F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighter. The need for secrecy in these operations led to extensive security measures, including restricted airspace, armed guards, motion sensors, and surveillance cameras. Signs warning of "deadly force" against trespassers further deter curiosity seekers.

4. The U-2 Spy Plane and Cold War Context

In 2013, the US government finally acknowledged the existence of Area 51, largely in response to a declassified CIA document detailing the history of the U-2 spy plane. Developed during the Cold War, the U-2 was used for high-altitude reconnaissance missions. The secrecy surrounding its development and testing at Area 51 contributed to the base's mysterious reputation. The U-2's unusual appearance and high-altitude flights likely sparked many UFO sightings.

Experts Reveal What Really Happened (Full Episode) | Area 51: The CIA's Secret

5. Modern Technology and Surveillance

With the advent of satellite imagery and digital technology, Area 51 is no longer as invisible as it once was. Since 2018, the base can be viewed on Google Maps, although its operations remain highly classified. The increased visibility has not diminished public fascination, and the base continues to be a focal point for conspiracy theories and speculative fiction.

6. Pop Culture Impact

Area 51 has significantly impacted popular culture, appearing in movies, TV shows, and books. The 1996 blockbuster "Independence Day" featured Area 51 as a key location in humanity's battle against an alien invasion. The TV series "The X-Files" and "Doctor Who" have also included episodes centered around the base. These portrayals have cemented Area 51's status as a symbol of government secrecy and extraterrestrial intrigue.

7. The Robert Lazar Story

In 1989, Robert Lazar claimed he worked on alien technology at Area 51, further fueling the mythos. Lazar alleged that he had seen autopsy photos of aliens and that the government used the site to study recovered alien spacecraft. However, investigations revealed that Lazar had fabricated his background and employment history. Despite being discredited, his stories continue to influence public perception of Area 51.

8. The 2019 "Storm Area 51" Event

In 2019, a Facebook event titled "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us" went viral, attracting millions of RSVPs. The event, started as a joke, suggested that a large crowd could overwhelm security and uncover the base's secrets. Although only a few thousand people showed up, the event highlighted the enduring public fascination with Area 51 and the hope of uncovering hidden truths.

9. The Reality of Military Testing

While Area 51 is undoubtedly a site of intense secrecy, the notion that it houses alien technology is unlikely. The base's primary purpose remains the development and testing of advanced military aircraft and technology. The sightings of unidentified flying objects are more plausibly explained by the presence of cutting-edge experimental aircraft.

10. MYSTERY

Area 51 remains one of the most enigmatic places in the world, shrouded in secrecy and speculation. While the tales of alien technology and government cover-ups are compelling, the reality is likely more mundane. Area 51 is a testament to the lengths nations will go to protect their technological advancements and maintain an edge in global security. Whether or not extraterrestrial beings have ever set foot on its grounds, the legend of Area 51 continues to captivate and inspire imaginations worldwide.

Ancient Aliens: Inside Area 51's UFO Secrets

Unveiling The Mysteries of Area 51 | Area 51: UFOs Declassified | National Geographic

{ https://www.msn.com/ }

08-09-2024 om 17:19 geschreven door peter  

Unveiling Area 51: Secrets of Highly Advanced Flying Machines

Area 51, shrouded in mystery and speculation for decades, has been a focal point for conspiracy theorists and researchers alike. Located in the Nevada desert, this top-secret military base has been linked to UFO sightings, advanced aircraft testing, and extraterrestrial research. One of the most intriguing discussions surrounding Area 51 involves the development and testing of highly advanced flying machines, possibly of extraterrestrial origin or utilizing exotic technologies far beyond what is publicly known.

The Enigma of Area 51

Originally established as a test site for experimental aircraft, Area 51 gained notoriety in the 1980s when former government employees and whistleblowers like Bob Lazar began sharing their experiences. Lazar claimed to have worked on reverse-engineering extraterrestrial spacecraft at a facility near Area 51, known as S-4. His revelations about saucer-like crafts, advanced propulsion systems, and otherworldly materials fueled widespread speculation about the true purpose of this remote base.

Investigative journalist Norio Hayakawa, a leading figure in the civilian intelligence community, has also delved deeply into the mysteries surrounding Area 51. In various interviews, Hayakawa shared his experiences of being harassed by military helicopters and local authorities during expeditions to the perimeters of the base. These encounters added to the secrecy and fear that surround any attempt to uncover the truth about what happens within Area 51’s boundaries.

Secret Aircraft and Advanced Technologies

Area 51 is widely believed to be a hub for the development and testing of experimental military aircraft. Hayakawa and others claim that the base is home to exotic technologies, including advanced propulsion systems far beyond conventional understanding. According to Hayakawa, the aircraft being tested at Area 51 and other secret facilities may include pulse-detonation propulsion systems, and potentially even more revolutionary technologies that defy traditional aerodynamics.

• Coast to Coast AM: AREA 51: Secrets of the Highly Advanced Flying Machines

• https://youtu.be/ugO9gpXH_rc

These crafts have been described as exhibiting movements that conventional aircraft cannot achieve, such as rapid changes in direction, sudden accelerations, and near-instantaneous stops. Witnesses have reported seeing triangular and disc-shaped objects performing these maneuvers in the skies above the Nevada desert. While many assume these are top-secret military projects, others believe that some of the technology may be of extraterrestrial origin.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

08-09-2024 om 16:58 geschreven door peter  

Planets and Water

To answer that question, the science team simulated how water behaves in the conditions present when planets are young. Many known exoplanets orbit close to their stars, which means they’re likely to be hot worlds. They probably have oceans of molten magma that haven’t yet solidified to make silicate bedrock mantles.

As it turns out water dissolves very well in these magma oceans. The iron core takes time to develop,” she said. “A large share of the iron is initially contained in the hot magma soup in the form of droplets,” she explained, noting that water sequestered in this soup combines with the iron droplets and sinks with them to the core. “The iron droplets behave like a lift that is conveyed downwards by the water,” Dorn said.

That kind of mixing of iron and water happened in the moderate pressure environment in Earth’s interior. Larger planets with higher interior pressures presented a challenge to understand. It turns out they mix water and iron, too. “The larger the planet and the greater its mass, the more the water tends to go with the iron droplets and become integrated in the core,” said Dorn. “Under certain circumstances, iron can absorb up to 70 times more water than silicates. However, owing to the enormous pressure at the core, the water no longer takes the form of H₂O molecules but is present in hydrogen and oxygen.”

Evolving Planets over Time

This result is a big deal if you want to understand how planets form and develop. That’s because the water never escapes the planet’s core. However, under the right conditions, water mixed in with the magma ocean can “de-gas” under the right conditions. Essentially, it separates and rises to the surface as the magma cools and forms the mantle. “So if we find water in a planet’s atmosphere, there is probably a great deal more in its interior,” explained Dorn.

That gives a lot of new information to use as scientists search for planets around other stars and look for habitable worlds. In particular, astronomers using the JWST can track the types of molecules in exoplanet atmospheres and use that information to find habitable worlds. “Only the composition of the upper atmosphere of exoplanets can be measured directly,” said Dorn. “Our group wishes to make the connection from the atmosphere to the inner depths of celestial bodies.”

Currently, the team studies exoplanet TOI-270d. “Evidence has been collected there of the actual existence of such interactions between the magma ocean in its interior and the atmosphere,” said Dorn. It’s at the top of her list of interesting objects to examine more closely for water, along with another one called K2-18b. It seems to be a promising candidate for habitability as well.

So, Does Deep Water Imply Life or Habitability?

Since water is important in the search for life-bearing worlds, looking for wet Earth-type and super-Earth worlds is the next step in searching out life. Dorn’s team found that planets with these deep water layers are likely to be fairly rare. That’s because most of their water is not on the surface. In other words, they may not be ocean worlds, but places with water trapped in their cores.

That’s not all bad. The science team assumes that even planets with a relatively high water content could have the potential to develop Earth-like habitable conditions. Dorn’s team may give scientists new ways to look for water-abundant worlds.

For More Information

• Planets Contain More Water Than Thought
• The Interior as the Dominant Water Reservoir in Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

08-09-2024 om 01:40 geschreven door peter  

Exogenesis

As indicated in their paper, impacts from asteroids, comets, and large meteors are more often associated with destruction and extinction-level events. However, multiple lines of evidence indicate that these same types of impacts may have supported the emergence of life on Earth roughly 4 billion years ago. These events not only delivered volatiles (such as water, ammonia, and methane) and organic molecules, but modern research indicates that they also created new substrates and compounds essential to life.

Moreover, they created a variety of environments that were essential to the emergence and sustainment of life on Earth. As they wrote:

“Exogenously delivered materials have been estimated to be an important source of organics on early Earth. Shockwaves could provide the energy for organic synthesis of important precursors like HCN or amino acids. The iron and heat from very large impactors can facilitate the reducing atmospheric conditions necessary for abundant HCN production. Impacts fracture and, in typical terrestrial events, melt the target: the more permeable substrates and excavation of deeper rock layers promote hydrothermal activity and endolithic habitats.”

According to the latest fossilized evidence, the earliest life forms emerged on Earth roughly 4.28 billion years ago. These fossils were recovered from hydrothermal vent precipitates in the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt in northern Quebec, Canada, confirming that hydrothermal activity played a vital role in the emergence of life on Earth. But what about the many “Ocean Worlds” that reside in the outer Solar System? This includes bodies like Europa, Ganymede, Enceladus, and Titan, as well as Uranus’ moons Ariel and Titania, Neptune’s moon Triton, and Trans-Neptunian bodies like Pluto, Charon, and possibly more.

Ocean Worlds

This term refers to bodies predominantly composed of volatile elements such as water and differentiated between an icy crust and a rocky and metallic core. At the core-mantle boundary, tidal flexing (the result of gravitational interaction with another body) causes a buildup of heat and energy released via hydrothermal vents into the ice. This allows these worlds to maintain oceans of liquid water in their interiors. In short, these worlds have all the necessary ingredients for life: water, the requisite chemical compounds, and energy.

Furthermore, data from the NASA/ESA Cassini–Huygens mission confirmed that the plumes regularly erupting from Enceladus’ southern polar region contain organic molecules. Last but not least, the presence of surface craters indicates that these bodies have experienced surface impacts throughout their history. The question naturally arises: could impacts have delivered the necessary building blocks of life to “Ocean Worlds” the same way they delivered them to the inner Solar System? And if so, what does that mean about their potential habitability today? As the team wrote in their paper:

“Impact processes are likely an important part of the answers to these questions, as impacts can drive exchange through the ice crust—either through direct seeding or flushing through the crust—and therefore drive episodic influxes of organic and inorganic materials from the surface and/or from the impactor itself. Impacts can also generate ephemeral microcosms: any liquid water melted during impact freezes out over timescales commensurate with the impact energy.”

“The exciting potential for chemistry within these pockets has been established, from concentrating salts to driving amino acid synthesis. Furthermore, shock-driven chemistry of icy, sometimes organic-rich (in the case of Titan especially) target materials may generate new “seed” compounds (e.g., amino acids or nucleotides) in the melt pool.”

Investigation

The first step for MacKenzie and her team was to investigate the initial shock levels created by the most common impacts for Ocean Worlds—comets that likely originated from the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. To do this, the team calculated the velocities and maximum pressure that would be achieved by impacts involving icy and rocky bodies. They also considered how this would vary based on different families (primary or secondary impacts) and which systems were involved – i.e., Jupiter or Saturn. Whereas primary impacts involve comets or asteroids, secondary impacts are caused by the ejecta they create.

In the case of the Jupiter and Saturn systems, secondary impactors may be icy or rocky depending on where they originated (an icy body like Europa, Enceladus, and Titan, a rocky body like Io and larger asteroids). Whereas primary impacts have higher velocities and produce larger melt volumes), secondary impacts are more frequent. To determine melt sizes, the team consulted observed crater sizes on Europa, Enceladus, and Titan, and dynamic models that calculate the cumulative rate of cratering over time. They then compared the peak pressures at impact to thresholds for the survivability of elements essential to life, organic molecules, amino acids, and even microbes identified in previous studies.

From this, they determined that most impacts at Europa and Enceladus experience peak pressures greater than what bacterial spores can survive. However, they also determined that a significant amount of material still survives these impacts and that higher first-contact pressures could also facilitate the synthesis of organic compounds in the meltwater that fills the craters. Meanwhile, on average, Titan and Enceladus experienced impacts with lower impact velocities, creating peak pressures that fall within the tolerance range for both bacterial spores and amino acids.

The next step was to consider how long fresh craters would survive and whether this would be sufficient for synthesizing biological materials. Based on the observed crater sizes on Enceladus and Europa, they determined that the longest-lived craters last only a few hundred years, whereas Titan could take centuries to tens of thousands of years for fresh craters to freeze. While Europa and Enceladus experience more high-velocity impacts (due to Titan’s dense atmosphere), the long-lived nature of Titan’s craters means that all three bodies have a chance for organic chemistry experiments to occur.

They also considered resurfacing rates on Europa, Enceladus, and Titan and how these would cycle biological material to their interiors. In all three cases, the satellites have relatively “young” terrain, implying regular resurfacing events.

Results

Based on these considerations, Mackenzie and her team determined that melts produced by comet impacts on Europa, Enceladus, and Titan have been frequent and long-lived enough to be of astrobiological interest. However, this varies based on the composition of the comets and the surface ice in question. As they summarized:

“At Europa and Enceladus, the survival and deposition of impactor organics is more important as there are fewer surface organics within the ice crust to seed the melt pool. On Titan, the survival of elements like phosphorous may be more important. Thus, even the small, more frequent impact events contribute to the astrobiological potential by delivering less modified compounds to the surface that are available either for immediate reaction if melt is produced or for future processing (including in subsequent impact events).”

For instance, they found that a comet impacting Europa at the average impact velocity would create a 15 km (9.3 mi) crater and provide ~1 km³ (0.24 mi3)of meltwater. Based on the abundance of glycine (an essential amino acid) found on the comet 67P Churyumov–Gerasimenko, they determined that several parts per million would survive – roughly three orders of magnitude higher than what has been observed forming around hydrothermal vents here on Earth. “Thus, impactors seed whatever chemistry happens in the melt, providing organic and other essential elements depending on the impactor composition,” they added.

While this does not necessarily mean that these and other “Ocean Worlds” are currently habitable or actively support life, they demonstrate potential for future study. In the coming years, missions like the ESA’s JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE), and NASA’s Europa Clipper and Dragonfly missions will reach Ganymede, Europa, and Titan (respectively). There are also plans to create an Enceladus Orbiter to pick up where the Cassini-Huygens probe left off by examining Enceladus’ plume activity more closely.

Therefore, conducting in-situ sampling and analysis on these moons could provide powerful insight into prebiotic chemical pathways and determine under what conditions life can emerge. These sample studies will also address the larger question of whether or not life could exist in the interiors of “Ocean Worlds,” providing a preview of what future missions prepared to explore beneath the ice will find.

Further Reading: 

• The Planetary Science Journal

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

08-09-2024 om 01:32 geschreven door peter  

‘I was the Pentagon’s UFO chief – I’ve held alien matter in my hands’

Interview

Luis Elizondo caused a worldwide sensation with his revelations about US government research into suspected non-human aircraft - but can his latest claims really be true?

Rob Hastings

Rob is Special Projects Editor at i. He won the Legal Reporting Award in 2019 and was shortlisted for the Washington Post's Laurence Stern Fellowship and Amnesty's Gaby Rado Prize in 2015.

September 7, 2024 10:00 am(Updated 4:25 pm)

They are three of the most mysterious “UFO” videos the world has ever seen. 

Footage of unknown objects appearing to fly at extreme speed and perform astounding manoeuvres, filmed by US navy pilots, caused a global sensation when they were leaked in 2017. One was famously shaped like a Tic-Tac sweet. 

These recordings were part of an even bigger revelation: that US intelligence officers had been secretly studying possible evidence of “Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena” or “UAPs”, as they are officially termed. 

That disclosure, which made the front page of The New York Times, didn’t just excite conspiracy theorists. It almost single-handedly spurred a series of congressional hearings and government reports in to UFOs. It eventually led the US Defence Department to admit that of 144 incidents they had researched, 143 of them remained unexplained.

The source of the story and those three videos was a former Pentagon official, Luis Elizondo. As director of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Programme (AATIP), he had grown concerned that a potential national security threat wasn’t being taken seriously, leading him to resign in 2017 and brief journalists.

Even then, however, Elizondo was frustrated. He felt the articles did not get across the true gravity of what his team had apparently been working on. He wanted to say more. 

Now, he is doing just that – even if many people may find it hard to believe him. 

Speaking from his home in Wyoming, USA the 52-year-old tells i: “This topic has been kept secret for far too long.” 

Startling new accounts in his book Imminent – in which he writes that UAPs could pose “an existential threat to humanity” – have led him to make headlines again in recent weeks.  

He claims to have been told categorically by senior fellow researchers that the notorious Roswell incident in New Mexico in 1947 really did involve a UAP crash, perhaps involving two flying saucers – and that “four deceased non-human bodies” were recovered from the wreckage and examined. 

Asked what happened to these supposed bodies, he says on our video call: “We know where they were. We don’t know where they are.” He adds: “I’ve got to be careful what I say here, to not get in trouble – I still have my security clearance.” 

Other bodies have also been retrieved from subsequent incidents, he alleges, including in Mexico in 1950 and Kazakhstan in 1989. 

He accuses major aerospace companies of trying to obtain crashed UAPs, to “reverse-engineer” the advanced machinery and replicate it. 

He warns that UAPs appear to be attracted to nuclear technology, sometimes interfering with weapons and bringing nations close to war. He claims to have once even discussed setting a “trap” to catch a UAP by using US nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and submarines as bait. 

And he believes that UAPs have already cost lives. Ten people are said to have died in the “Colares incidents” after being harmed by lasers on a Brazilian island in the 1970s. 

Elizondo’s testimony is undeniably fascinating but can any of this possibly be true? 

When the existence of the AATIP was first revealed in 2017, a US defence spokesperson confirmed that the programme was real and had been run by Elizondo. Later, however, the Pentagon changed its story, telling another journalist that Elizondo “had no responsibilities” for AATIP.

Some reporters have labelled Elizondo a “crank” but the late Harry Reid, a former Democratic majority leader in the Senate, confirmed a few months before his death in 2021 that Elizondo had led the AATIP in the Pentagon.

‘Chasing flying saucers’ 

• Luis Elizondo joined the US army aged 23 and began working in military intelligence, serving three combat tours in Afghanistan and the Middle East. 
• He later worked with several government agencies, countering everything from insurgencies and terrorism to drugs and foreign spying – targeting the likes of Isis, al-Qaeda and the Taliban. 
• In 2009 he was invited to join a “highly classified programme” at the US Defence Intelligence Agency. After sizing him up in several meetings, the intel officers decided to finally reveal what the work would involve, when one of them asked him: “What do you think about UFOs?” 
• Elizondo was being recruited to a unit researching aircraft that “didn’t conform to physics as we understood it”, studying data about suspected sightings. At first, he was sceptical about “chasing flying saucers”. But a few days later, he agreed – a decision that changed his life. 

Recalling his own mysterious sightings

Many of Elizondo’s assertions rely on unnamed people, who he describes as “credible sources”, telling him astonishing things during his career. But he also believes he’s seen pieces of a UAP himself – and that he’s even handled “alleged alien implants found in humans”. 

In our video interview, he explains: “I have held in my hand material that scientists for the US government have conducted research on, and they’ve said: ‘This is very special material, it’s highly unlikely that it’s made by human beings – and it’s engineered.’” 

He adds: “I’ve also held in my hand biological samples, tissue samples, that have been removed from human beings – that when analysed, do not behave like anything that we are normally used to associating with being a natural part of the human body, and certainly looks to be some sort of technical device.” 

His most direct experiences came when his own home supposedly began to be visited by glowing orbs, which he believes were spying on him. 

“They were diffused, green balls of light,” he says. “They were between the size of a volleyball and a softball, and they would float right through the house… We didn’t fear them. They didn’t damage anything. It was just really bizarre.” 

He continues: “Could it be a natural phenomenon? Sure? Could it be ball lightning? St Elmo’s fire? Absolutely could be.” 

But what made him more suspicious was that this apparently started when he joined the UAP programme and ended when he left. “I felt like it was some sort of reconnaissance. Something was interested.” He says that colleagues had similar experiences. 

Yet Elizondo says: “We didn’t fear them. They didn’t damage anything. It was just really bizarre… It was more a curiosity for us than anything else.” 

Of course, the inevitable question is: why didn’t he photograph them? He says the incidents were “impossible to predict”, with no pattern of when or where they would appear in his home. He adds that he was using a BlackBerry phone at the time which didn’t have a camera. “It is frustrating that I was not able to take a photo of it,” he admits, but believes colleagues may have done so. He is “optimistic” photographic evidence will emerge.  

“I have held in my hand material that scientists for the US government have conducted research on”

Luis Elizondo

Another case he worked on was a rumoured UK visitation: the Rendlesham Forest incident of 1980, which has been called “the British Roswell”. This involved a UAP hovering “over an underground bunker where the two allies had secretly stockpiled nuclear weapons” at a base in Suffolk, he writes in his book. 

“I’ve spoken to the deputy commander of the base who was there, I have spoken to the eyewitness who went out to the forest, there are audio logs of the encounter that you can listen to,” he tells me. 

“They took impressions of the ground where it landed. It was a very real event, whatever it was, and it definitely elicited a US response.” 

The greatest proof, he claims, is that two former servicemen are receiving medical benefits, “100 per cent because of injuries sustained resulting from an encounter at Rendlesham”. He adds: “I’ve seen the paperwork.” 

Overall, he is adamant that UAPs exist. “I’ve got stacks of US government reports that these things are real, and they’re manoeuvering in ways that we cannot replicate. These are not aberrations or atmospheric anomalies. These are real, tangible pieces of technology.” 

Perhaps what’s most remarkable, however, is what he says when I utter the “A” word. 

Politely interrupting, he affirms: “I never said ‘aliens’. I said ‘non-human intelligence’. 

Arguing that we can’t assume any UAPs would be “from outer space”, he explains: “We don’t know that yet – these things could be being from here. They could be as natural to Earth as we are to this planet. 

“People say that’s nonsense, but is it really? Maybe they’re from under the water – 10 per cent of the ocean floor is mapped, that’s it.”

“They were diffused, green balls of light”

Luis Elizondo

A subject that can prompt scorn

At times in our conversation, it’s hard to know how to respond to some of these spectacular stories. Elizondo is smart and speaks articulately. He’s passionate yet measured, and he appears sincere. He’s been taken seriously by many US politicians and media outlets. 

Many people will want to believe him. Many others will feel they need more evidence. Much more. But Elizondo says if the public are sceptical, they can “take it or leave it”.

Elizondo agrees that sources can be wrong. “We’ve been burned before,” he says. “The entire premise for the Iraq War, for the US, was based upon a source named ‘Curveball’. It ended up being complete nonsense. You’ve got to be very careful.” 

He acknowledges that the infamous footage of a supposed autopsy on Roswell aliens was “faked”. (The producer of a documentary has since admitted that it was actually filmed in a London flat in the 1990s.) 

That Roswell tape “hurt” the study of UAPs, says Elizondo. “There are a lot of hucksters and fraudsters out there that have made a cottage industry for themselves, basically putting out misinformation and disinformation. That’s not been helpful to the serious national security conversation.” 

“There are a lot of hucksters and fraudsters out there”

Luis Elizondo

When we all constantly carry phones around with us, armed with powerful cameras – unlike his old BlackBerry – why aren’t there more genuine photos and videos of UAPs if they really exist? And why aren’t they clearer than the grainy black-and-white footage in those three US navy recordings? 

Elizondo responds that when he was choosing which three videos to release to the world in 2017, he could only pick non-classified examples to avoid breaking security laws, and these were typically the “least compelling” ones. 

“We have videos in ultra 4K high definition that would knock your socks off,” he says. “If you were to actually see these, there’s no doubt what you’re looking at: it is not a US technology, and it’s not a foreign adversary’s technology. This thing is something else. 

“There are lots of these videos. Are they going to be released? That’s not up to me. I wish they would.” 

In the appendix of his book, Elizondo quotes Bill Clinton to support his claims. On a talk show in 2022, Clinton revealed that while he was president, he “made every attempt to find out everything about Roswell”. However, it’s notable that Elizondo does not include something else Clinton went on to say. Adding that he “also sent people to Area 51 to make sure there were no aliens”, the former president concluded: “There’s no aliens, as I know.” 

In fact, Elizondo alleges, defence officials keep UAP research so confidential that even US presidents aren’t informed about what they really know. 

“We have videos in ultra 4K high definition that would knock your socks off”

Luis Elizondo

Denials and accusations

Elizondo is not alone in making staggering claims about UAPs. David Grusch, a former US intelligence official, said last year that covert US programmes have obtained “intact and partially intact” alien vehicles, including one as big as a “football field”. 

Grusch later told a congressional committee hearing that he has interviewed experts who recovered “non-human” biological material from crashed UAPs. However, he admitted to never seeing any alien bodies or craft himself.

The US Department of Defence denies such allegations. In a report published in March, it said there was “no evidence” that the US government had encountered alien life or spacecraft. Most suspected UAP sightings are in fact linked to experimental flights of classified technology, it said – including Roswell, which probably involved a high-altitude balloon fitted with microphones to detect Soviet nuclear tests. 

Elizondo is unbowed, however. “That report is full of holes, full of inaccuracies,” he says. 

Parts of his book, ranging from individual words to full paragraphs, are greyed out where they’ve been redacted by the US authorities. He says it took a year to obtain security clearance for publication.

The book includes scans of his resignation letter and some of his emails. 

He says: “Our Pentagon never lies, right? Unless you talk about, oh, I don’t know, the Pentagon Papers, and Iran-Contra, and the withdrawal from Afghanistan. The list goes on and on and on.” 

“I was ridiculed… It has been very tough on my family”

Luis Elizondo

Elizondo has become a hero figure for many so-called ufologists. He has hosted a History Channel documentary series on the subject, produced by perhaps the most famous of all UFO obsessives, Blink-182 singer Tom DeLonge. 

Whatever the truth of his claims, however, becoming a UAP “whistle-blower” has been costly. It ended his intelligence career and he says it left him on the verge of bankruptcy. 

“I was ridiculed… It has been very tough on my family.” 

He adds: “I’ve been a creature of the shadows my entire life. Being in the intelligence field, anonymity is your friend… I’m actually very introverted as well, so it’s very tough for me to be public. 

“Imagine being an albino newt somewhere in the recesses of a nice, moist, dark cave – and all of a sudden, schoolchildren come in on a field trip, they pluck you out of obscurity, they put you out in the hot desert sun, and they start poking you. That’s what it feels like.” 

Nevertheless, he is glad to have made the sacrifices. “I don’t necessarily enjoy the attention, but there’s no other way to get the conversation going.” 

• ‘Imminent: Inside the Pentagon’s Hunt for UFOs’ by Luis Elizondo is out now (£22, John Blake Publishing)

@robhastings

{ https://inews.co.uk/category/news/science }

07-09-2024 om 22:02 geschreven door peter  

Study: There Were Volcanic Eruptions on Moon as Recently as 123 Million Years Ago

There is extensive geologic evidence of ancient volcanic activity on the Moon, but it is unclear how long that volcanism persisted. Magma fountains produce volcanic glasses, which have previously been found in samples of the Moon’s surface. Dr. Qiuli Li and colleagues from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have analyzed around 3,000 glass beads from lunar soil samples collected by China’s Chang’e-5 mission. They’ve identified three glass beads as having a volcanic origin on the basis of their textures, chemical compositions, and sulfur isotopes. Uranium-lead dating of these volcanic beads shows that they formed approximately 123 million years ago.

Volcanic eruption producing glass beads on the Moon.

Image credit: T. Zhang & Y. Wang.

Samples collected by the Apollo, Luna and Chang’e‑5 missions have previously shown there was widespread basaltic volcanism on the Moon extending from about 4.4 to 2 billion years ago.

The findings of the current study demonstrate that volcanism persisted much longer than was previously suspected, at least on smaller, more localized scale

“Dating of lunar volcanic basalt samples returned to Earth by the Apollo and Luna missions or delivered to Earth as lunar meteorites has shown that lunar basaltic volcanism continued until at least 2.9-2.8 billion years ago,” the researchers said.

“However, analysis of lunar samples returned by the Chang’e-5 mission has demonstrated that basaltic volcanism persisted until at least 2 billion years ago.”

“Remote sensing observations have indicated potentially even younger volcanism during the late Copernican era (less than 800 million years ago) on the Moon.”

“However, none of these remote observations provide a precise date for the potential volcanism.”

“In addition, the proposed extrusions of late-Copernican mare basalt cover only restricted areas, no samples of which are available.”

“Eruptions of gas-rich magma can generate magma fountains, which produce submillimeter glass beads.”

“Such beads could potentially be deposited over wide areas and subsequently be transported further across the lunar surface by impact.”

“The volcanic glasses could be a trace component in existing samples.”

In their study, Dr. Li and co-authors sorted through 3,000 tiny glass beads they recovered from a lunar sample collected by Chang’e‑5, examining the bead’s chemical compositions, physical textures and sulfur isotopes to distinguish potential volcanic glasses from glasses produced by meteorite impacts.

They identified three beads as being of volcanic origin, then used radiometric dating to determine the beads formed 123 million years ago.

The volcanic beads contain high abundances of potassium, phosphorus and rare-earth elements, known as KREEP elements, which can produce radioactive heating.

Localized heating due to KREEP elements might melt rocks in the Moon’s mantle, leading to small amounts of magma erupting to the surface.

“We measured high abundances of rare earth elements and thorium in the volcanic glass beads, which could indicate that such recent volcanism was related to local enrichment of heat-generating elements in the mantle sources of the magma,” the researchers said.

• Their paper appears in the journal Science.
• Bi-Wen Wang et al. 2024. Returned samples indicate volcanism on the Moon 120 million years ago. Science 385 (6713); doi: 1077-1080; doi: 10.1126/science.adk6635

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

07-09-2024 om 21:23 geschreven door peter  

This NASA Scientist Believes Our Existence Is Just a Simulation: Our Consciousness Could Be Simulated by a Computer

NASA Scientist Richard John Terrile believes our existence is simply a  simulation. Our Consciousness is not magical…at at some point it can be simulated by a  computer, or in other words, replicated. In simple words, We can create a God!

The Matrix might have been Hollywood science fiction, but some scientists and philosophers take the so-called “simulation hypothesis” — the idea that everything we see might be an artificial creation — seriously.

Rich Terrile is a Voyager scientist who discovered several moons of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. He works for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Also, he took the first pictures of another solar system around the nearby star Beta Pictoris.

According to Rich, the principles of quantum mechanics support this Simulation hypothesis. Particles do not have a specific state if they are not visible. In other words, we see what we expect to see, and this happens when we look at it. The essence of Rich’s theory is that a “programmer” from the future designed our reality to simulate the course of what the programmer considers to be ancient history—for whatever reason, maybe because he’s bored.

Rich says our universe is pixelated in units (broken up into pieces like subatomic particles)

There is much evidence that indicates that our reality is not as real as it seems to some of us. This may be the result of computer simulations that we are all in. Of course, the main question to be asked in such a situation is “who created this simulation?” Among the possible solutions is God or some advanced alien civilization.

Rich defines science as the discovery of the mathematical framework that explains our observations of the physical world.

He emphasizes that the universe is astonishingly mathematical, meaning that it can be described and understood through mathematical laws and principles. This is not a necessary condition, but it is a fundamental aspect of our universe.

He quotes Einstein, who found it incomprehensible that the world is comprehensible. He also references Eugene Wigner’s treatise on the “unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural world,” which describes this phenomenon as a “miracle” or “gift.”

He says the entire universe, including physical constants, can be described on a few sheets of paper.

• This allows for simulating the universe on a computer smaller than the universe itself.
• The universe is “pixelated,” meaning it has a finite number of elements (Planck length) and cannot be divided further.
• All aspects of the universe (length, mass, energy, time, volume) are finite and discrete.
• The universe has a finite number of states, making it computable.

Rich Terrile says, ‘Even things that we think of as continuous – time, energy, space, volume – all have a finite limit to their size. If that’s the case, then our universe is both computable and finite. Those properties allow the universe to be simulated.’

 { https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

07-09-2024 om 21:13 geschreven door peter  

De Boeing-ruimtecapsule Starliner is zaterdag geland op aarde. Dat blijkt uit beelden die NASA heeft vrijgegeven. De capsule landde zonder de astronauten die het naar het internationale ruimtestation ISS heeft gebracht, nadat NASA had besloten dat het risico te groot was.

De Starliner landde zaterdag zachtjes op de White Sands ruimtebasis in New Mexico rond 06.01 uur. De landing werd vertraagd door parachutes en airbags.

De capsule had ongeveer zes uur eerder het ISS verlaten, zonder de twee astronauten die op de heenvlucht naar het ISS meereisden. Astronauten Sunita Williams en Butch Wilmore zijn al sinds 6 juni aan boord van het ISS. Ze voerden een testmissie uit die ongeveer een week had moeten duren. Maar door problemen met de Starliner konden ze niet terugkeren. Er werd gevreesd dat het toestel niet over de nodige stuwkracht zou beschikken om de baan rond de aarde te verlaten.

Williams en Wilmore kwamen aan op 6 juni

© Foto: NASA

De Starliner werd 3 maanden geleden voor het eerst met 2 Amerikaanse astronauten aan boord gelanceerd: Sunita Williams (58) en Butch Wilmore (61). Tijdens hun vlucht naar het Internationaal ruimtestation ISS waren er al technische problemen. 

Williams en Wilmore kwamen op 6 juni aan in het internationaal ruimtestation ISS. Het was de bedoeling dat ze er 8 dagen zouden blijven, maar een resem technische defecten besliste daar dus anders over. Zo was er een probleem met de stuwmotoren, maar er werden ook 3 heliumlekken ontdekt.

Door die problemen moest de automatische piloot tijdens de heenvlucht uitgeschakeld worden, en moesten de astronauten de capsule handmatig koppelen aan het ISS. Nadat een eerste poging mislukte, slaagden ze daar bij een tweede poging toch in.

Vrees voor gebrek aan stuwkracht onterecht

Omdat de technische problemen nog altijd niet helemaal opgelost zijn, is de Starliner nu dus onbemand teruggekeerd naar de aarde. Er werd gevreesd dat het toestel niet over de nodige stuwkracht zou beschikken om de baan rond de aarde te verlaten. 

Ruimtecapsule Starliner succesvol geland op aarde

De Starliner landde vanochtend rond 6.01 uur (onze tijd) zachtjes op de White Sands-ruimtebasis in New Mexico. De landing werd vertraagd door parachutes en airbags.

De capsule had ongeveer 6 uur eerder het ISS verlaten, zonder de 2 astronauten dus die op de heenvlucht naar het ISS meereisden. 

Een vlotte terugvlucht was belangrijk voor fabrikant Boeing, niet alleen voor het vertrouwen, maar ook voor toekomstige kansen om nieuwe goedkeuringen voor bemande vluchten te krijgen.

Williams en Wilmore keren pas in februari terug

Williams en Wilmore zullen in februari volgend jaar terugkeren naar de aarde met de Crew 9-missie van SpaceX, de grote concurrent van Boeing. Ze zullen dan 9 maanden doorgebracht hebben in de ruimte in plaats van de voorziene week. 

Volgens NASA gaat het momenteel goed met het duo en hebben ze regelmatig contact met hun familie. 

NASA heeft nu beslist om de twee astronauten met een ruimtevaartuig van SpaceX weer naar huis te brengen. De Crew 9-missie van SpaceX zal daarom later in september met slechts twee van de vier voorziene astronauten naar het ISS vertrekken. Bij de terugkeer naar aarde in februari volgend jaar, zullen Wilmore en Williams de twee vrijgekomen plaatsen innemen.

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

07-09-2024 om 20:47 geschreven door peter  

The Department of Defense has appointed a new director to lead the AARO (All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office), which is responsible for investigating UFOs and UAPs. The choice of Dr. Jon T. Kosloski, a former NSA scientist, is notable. According to USAF whistleblower Dan Sherman, the NSA has been involved in tracking UFO and non-human intelligence (NHI) activity for decades. Additionally, there are claims that the NSA manages interstellar trade operations from a base in Antarctica. 

Kosloski replaces Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, the inaugural director of AARO, who faced criticism during his tenure. Many believed Kirkpatrick did little to support whistleblowers, hindering efforts to reveal critical information about UFOs and related phenomena. 

One of the intriguing aspects of this story is the alleged NSA connection to Antarctica. 

Eric Hecker a Raytheon contractor who worked at the Ice Cube Neutrino observatory at Antarctica from 2010-2011 said that this observatory constructed at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica is a huge air traffic control power station that monitors all interstellar craft that be operated by humans as well as non-humans. 

The observatory is not the only station that tracks interstellar craft, reports from whistleblowers over the years have hinted at the presence of a vast underground military complex in the area. Allegedly, the NSA operates an office there, which also is involved in monitoring interstellar activity, possibly utilizing the Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory's facilities. In addition, this office is reportedly engaged in interstellar trade. According to Navy whistleblowers, the office is managed from the NSA headquarters at Fort Meade, Maryland, specifically on the sixth floor. 

It may sound fantastical, but the NSA has been tracking UFO activity since its inception in 1952. The agency is believed to have developed capabilities to detect UFOs anywhere on Earth but keep quiet about it. 

Now, as we look to the future, institutions that shape national security believe the U.S. needs to prepare the public for disclosure, as humanity's future may lie in space. Advanced propulsion systems, including anti-gravity and torsion field technologies, are being developed to construct fleets of spacecraft that can keep pace with extraterrestrial civilizations. 

Furthermore, there is a large spaceport in Alabama, near the caverns around Huntsville, where pilots from around 30 nations are reportedly being trained to fly interstellar craft  under supervision of a group of extraterrestrials known as the Nordics. It is said that this underground facility already houses hundreds of these craft.

Despite the ongoing UFO cover-up, with Dr. Kosloski now leading AARO, there is hope that in particular the NSA’s involvement in these operations will become more transparent and that further revelations may follow.

  

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

07-09-2024 om 01:52 geschreven door peter  

UAP Crash Retrievals and Military Secrecy: Uncovering Hidden UFO Encounters

In the field of UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) research, UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon) crash retrievals have long been a subject of fascination and controversy. On the Richard Dolan Show, renowned historian and researcher Richard Dolan sat down with aviation and UFO historian Michael Schratt to delve into some of the most intriguing cases surrounding UAP crash retrievals, alien bodies, and the deep-seated secrecy that surrounds them. Schratt, known for his extensive research and detailed illustrations of UFO encounters, provided a comprehensive overview of several key incidents, offering new perspectives and insights into this enigmatic topic.

Danny Sheehan and Classified UFO Photos

One of the highlights of the conversation is a story from Danny Sheehan, a well-known advocate for UFO disclosure. In 1977, Sheehan was granted a rare opportunity to view classified documents and photographs at the Library of Congress. These images, which were not part of the publicly known Project Blue Book files, reportedly depicted a UFO crash retrieval. The craft was approximately 30 feet in diameter, tipped at a 30-degree angle, and featured strange hieroglyphic inscriptions around the bottom of its dome.

Sheehan described the scene, which included four men in winter parkas documenting the crash with cameras. Schratt and his team, using Sheehan’s description, created detailed renderings of the craft and its surroundings. This case underscores the potential existence of classified UFO crash retrievals and the involvement of the U.S. government in recovering extraterrestrial technology and bodies.

Corpus Christi USO Sighting (1997)

Schratt also discussed a fascinating USO (Unidentified Submerged Object) sighting off the coast of Corpus Christi, Texas, in 1997. In this case, over 250 people aboard an offshore drilling platform witnessed a massive, cigar-shaped craft rise from the ocean. The object, described as twice the size of a football field, hovered silently above the platform and was surrounded by 25 military helicopters. Despite the presence of helicopters, the noise emanated from the craft itself, not the aircraft. The sighting left many witnesses in awe, and Schratt’s illustration of the event vividly captured the sheer scale and mystery of the craft.

USS Nimitz Encounter (1991)

Another remarkable case involved a 1991 encounter near the USS Nimitz, a well-known aircraft carrier. According to Kevin Thomas, a Navy combat photographer, the ship was ordered to “darken ship” (turn off all lights), and as he found himself locked outside, he witnessed an enormous black triangular UFO rise from the ocean. The object, larger than the Nimitz itself (which is 1,092 feet long), hovered near the carrier for a minute before shooting off into space. This encounter bears striking similarities to the 2004 USS Nimitz UAP incident, raising questions about the U.S. military’s ongoing involvement and knowledge of these phenomena.

Great Lakes Naval Training Center Crash (1973)

Schratt also recounted a lesser-known crash retrieval case from 1973 at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center. A Gunnery School instructor reportedly delivered a high-level letter inside a Quonset hut, where he saw a teardrop-shaped UFO propped up on a pedestal. The craft, about 35 feet wide and 12 feet high, exhibited a blue coronal discharge and had a distinctive ridge along its body. Remarkably, a sailor the witness met prior to the incident had mentioned that a UFO had been shot down and recovered by Howard Hughes’ Glomar Explorer, a ship that was officially used to retrieve a Soviet submarine during the Cold War. This connection between the Glomar Explorer and UFO recovery operations suggests a potential dual-use for the vessel, hinting at the broader military-industrial complex’s role in UFO retrievals.

Black Projects at Air Force Plant 42

One of the most intriguing stories Schratt shared came from an employee at Air Force Plant 42, a facility known for its development of advanced aerospace technology. In 1993, the employee witnessed a highly unusual event: a black, disc-shaped object about 100 feet in diameter was lowered into a hanger using a perimeter of boom lifts that created a makeshift screen. Schratt’s illustrations brought this clandestine operation to life, raising questions about the nature of these black projects and the technology involved. Two weeks later, the witness saw the same object being raised from the hanger and then shooting off into the sky, leading to speculation that the U.S. military had made significant breakthroughs in advanced propulsion technology as early as the 1990s.

X-ray Technician’s Encounter (1963)

Another compelling account comes from an X-ray technician in Santa Rosa, New Mexico, in 1963. The technician responded to an emergency call and arrived at the scene of a crash, where she saw three small, humanoid bodies lying on the ground. They were described as being about three feet tall and appeared to be deceased. Shortly after the bodies were brought to a local hospital for examination, the U.S. Air Force arrived, confiscated all evidence, and ordered everyone involved to remain silent. This case, documented in Ryan Wood’s book Magic Eyes Only, offers yet another example of the government’s swift intervention in UFO-related incidents.

The Secrecy Surrounding UFOs and Crash Retrievals

Throughout the discussion, both Dolan and Schratt emphasized the overwhelming secrecy that surrounds UFO crash retrievals and the lengths to which the military-industrial complex goes to keep these operations hidden. They pointed out that there are likely multiple warehouses across the U.S. where photographs, motion picture film reels, and physical evidence of extraterrestrial craft and bodies are stored. Schratt speculated that facilities like Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Edwards North Base Complex house some of these materials, and he stressed the need for genuine Congressional hearings to bring this information to light.

VIDEO:

• UAP CRASH RETRIEVALS, BODIES, & SECRECY | Richard Dolan Show w/Michael Schratt

• https://youtu.be/_8GJwpRbXNw

Michael Schratt’s extensive research into UFO crash retrievals offers a fascinating glimpse into a hidden world of advanced technology, extraterrestrial bodies, and military secrecy. From the mysterious crash Sheehan witnessed in the 1970s to the massive black triangles emerging from the ocean near the USS Nimitz, these cases challenge our understanding of aviation, physics, and the capabilities of modern militaries. As Schratt and Dolan noted, if true disclosure is ever to occur, it will likely hinge on revealing the crash retrieval programs and the extraordinary evidence they hold.

The future of UFO research depends on diligent investigation, persistent questioning, and a commitment to uncovering the truth about these mysterious phenomena that have intrigued humanity for decades.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/}

07-09-2024 om 01:48 geschreven door peter  

(Credit: James St. John/Flickr.)

On one of his initial expeditions, Rintamaki struck out in the early morning hours to scour Lake Superior’s beaches. Under the illumination of his UV flashlight, he began to find a few small, fluorescent stones, which he began calling “yooperlites,” a name derived from the nickname given to residents of Michigan’s upper peninsula. With time, the small pebbles eventually began to be replaced by larger and larger samples of these curious stones.

It soon became apparent that the strong fluorescent qualities these stones possessed were something unique, and with the aid of geologist Gabe Reyna, the unique characteristics the samples displayed, including their translucent appearance and distinctive mineral composition, led to the positive identification of sodalite, a mineral that somehow had gone unnoticed in previous mineralogical surveys of Michigan’s upper west peninsula.

Under detailed analysis, the Yooperlites Rintamaki discovered were revealed to exhibit fluorescence consistent with hackmanite, a rare chloric sodium aluminum silicate mineral that is rich in sulfur. Most often appearing in pink or violet shades, it can sometimes also appear in tones of grey or even white. However, due to a unique optical quality hackmanite possesses known as tenebrescence, this unique mineral has the unusual ability to change its coloration under certain kinds of light and even glow in the dark, qualities that helped it garner a rather fitting nickname: “the chameleon stone.”

Hackmanite (above) exhibiting fluorescent qualities similar to “Yooperlites” when observed under UV light

(Credit: Parent Gery/Wikimedia Commons).

In addition to its hackmanite-like fluorescence, tests of Rintamaki’s samples involving scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy carried out at Michigan Technological University helped reveal several key elements. The presence of aluminum, chlorine, oxygen, silicon, and sodium was confirmed in the samples, all of which were consistent with sodalite.

At the time, the positive identification of sodalite had been something of a mystery. Although syenite clasts are a relatively common feature in Michigan, the fluorescent syenite samples containing sodalite that Rintamaki had revealed with the aid of his UV flashlight probably had origins much further away, along the north side of Lake Superior within the Coldwell Alkaline Complex in Ontario, Canada. So how could the samples have made their way all the way to the lake’s southern shores where “Yoopers” like Rintamaki could find them?

As far back as 1779, Swiss geologist Ferdinand de Saussure described massive granite boulders that had somehow found their way onto limestone deposits in the sub-alpine Jura Mountain range. These out-of-place granite bounders were dubbed “erratics” by de Saussure, derived from the Latin word errare meaning “to wander.” For a time, these curiosities of nature baffled early geologists, although, by 1840, Swiss-American geologist J.L.R. Agassiz proposed that these massive “wandering” boulders had actually been transported thousands of years ago with the help of glaciers that once blanketed the northern hemisphere.

Much like the erratics that once baffled 18th—and 19th-century geologists, the samples Rintamaki had discovered along the shores of Lake Superior had also been transported there from their original home far to the north through natural processes related to continental glaciation during the last Ice Age.

The discovery of “Yooperlites” in Michigan helps to reveal the extent to which the region’s mineral diversity remains underexplored and has helped to almost double the number of mineral species now recognized in the state. Indeed, it could be that there are still other minerals in the region that remain undiscovered, awaiting the discerning eye of collectors like Rintamaki who are willing to employ unique methods—and often at odd hours—in their search for mineral wonders and curiosities that would otherwise remain hidden along the shores of the Great Lakes.

For those interested in learning more about Yooperlites, Rintamaki’s official YouTube channel provides a wealth of information about these unique gemstones and other aspects of his rock-hounding pursuits.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on X: @MicahHanks.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

06-09-2024 om 01:31 geschreven door peter  

UFOs May Be Evidence Of "Cryptoterrestrials" Secretly Living Among Us

Scientists say there's a one-in-10 chance that these advanced creatures actually exist.

Benjamin Taub

Edited by Katy EvansFreelance Writer

Penned by researchers from Harvard’s Human Flourishing Program and Montana Technological University, the wild study – as yet not peer-reviewed – delves into the slightly insane world of "cryptoterrestrials", which encompasses a bizarre cast of “intelligent beings concealed in stealth here on Earth (e.g., underground), and/or its near environs (e.g., the moon).” According to the authors, these clandestine Earth-dwellers may in fact be responsible for many of the unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) that are typically attributed to intergalactic visitors.

Jumping down the rabbit hole, the researchers present their first category of potential UFO pilot, which they call “human cryptoterrestrials”. These are described as “a technologically advanced ancient human civilization that was largely destroyed long ago (e.g., by flood), but continued to exist in remnant form.” 

Possibly lurking in volcanoes or deep beneath the ocean, these few surviving ancient superhumans were apparently exposed by Albert Einstein’s former assistant Dr Shirley Wright, who claimed that she and her famous boss were invited to inspect the “biological entities” recovered from the supposed Roswell UFO crash in 1947. Speaking in 1993, Wright said the pilots were “just humans, but an advanced form,” and that their species “reside underground on our planet.” 

Other subtypes of cryptoterrestrials may include highly-advanced non-human primates or reptiles that store their aircraft beneath mountains. For instance, the Popocatepetl volcano in central Mexico and California’s Mount Shasta are both UFO sighting hotspots, and have therefore been identified as possible residences for these secret yet highly intelligent beings.

Navy personnel reports of Unidentified Submersible Objects (USOs) traveling at incredible speeds, meanwhile, have fuelled speculation that some of these cryptoterrestrials may in fact reside in the ocean. In one such report from 1987, a New Zealand frigate was supposedly followed by a 243-meter-long (800 foot) USO that traveled at a top speed of around 4,800 kilometers per hour (2,980 miles per hour).

The authors also cite wild claims by the highly controversial Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb - who, surprisingly, had nothing to do with the study - that the Moon may in fact be a cryptoterrestrial base, and houses many of these strange creatures and their incredible spacecraft. Finally, the researchers say that the engineers behind most UFOs could be hiding in plain sight, and may just be aliens that have mastered the art of blending in as humans.

Admittedly, this all pretty fanciful stuff, and much of the rationale for these claims comes from sources even more dubious than Loeb – including podcaster Joe Rogan and believers in the sunken realm of Atlantis.

Recognizing the many flaws in their proposals, the authors explain that “although this idea is likely to be regarded sceptically by most scientists, such are the nature of some UAP that we argue this possibility should not be summarily dismissed.” They also admit that they themselves consider the existence of cryptoterrestrials to be “unlikely” – but not impossible.

Based on all the available evidence regarding UFOs, the researchers rate the possibility of cryptoterrestrials actually existing as 10 percent. Most observers will probably see that figure as pretty generous.

The study, which has been accepted for publication in the journal Philosophy and Cosmology, is currently available as a preprint.

{ https://www.iflscience.com/ }

06-09-2024 om 01:08 geschreven door peter  

Secret behind ‘best ever’ UFO sighting revealed

An ex- defence intelligence officer has revealed the secret behind the massive, diamond-shaped vehicle in the “world’s best” UFO photo.

Previously suppressed documents have revealed the secret behind the world’s most famous UFO photo.

Picture: Supplied

The incredible image, known as “The Calvine Photograph”, shows a huge angular shape hovering over the landscape with a Harrier fighter jet visible in the distance.

It was taken near its namesake, Calvine, a tiny town in central Scotland. The picture was for decades considered a modern myth until it was finally rediscovered and released to the public in August 2022.

The photo — which appeared exactly as had been described by those who had seen it — was found in the hands of a former RAF press officer by a team led by academic and journalist David Clarke.

But while the photo, often has hailed as the “best ever UFO photo”, was found, the mystery still remains. What exactly was the object in the picture, and who took it?

Now, Dr Clarke has told The Sunwhat his years-long investigation into the UFO has uncovered.

‘Strongest theory’ on secret behind Calvine photograph

Dr Clarke revealed to The Sun that his team has its strongest lead on the photograph to date. They believe the object may have been a piece of top secret and experimental US technology.

This is based on the testimony of a former UK Defence Intelligence officer who revealed, unprompted, that he was tasked with investigating the incident at Calvine.

The defence official, whose credentials were verified by Dr Clarke and his team, explained the UFO was believed to have been a “target designation companion” for F-117 Nighthawk stealth bombers.

The so-called “Calvine Vehicle” was understood to have been unmanned, very large and equipped with a high tech ground-mapping laser.

It was estimated to be between 100ft and 130ft long (30-40m) according to photo analysis by Sheffield Hallam University.

However, it’s not immediately clear the exact nature of the vehicle.

The official, who declined to be named, said it was a “one-in-a-million” chance that the craft was caught on camera — and even flew to Scotland and interviewed the two men who took the original photograph back in August 1990.

He added there was “a hell of a stink” in Washington over the snaps when they were passed up the chain of command and the Americans “went ballistic”.

The “Calvine Vehicle” is understood to have been deployed from the US facility at RAF Machrihanish.

It was spotted and photographed just two days after Saddam Hussein’s forces invaded Kuwait, sparking the first Gulf War.

RAF Machrihanish is a highly isolated base on the tip of Kintyre peninsula, has a 10,000ft long runway, and was an emergency landing site for the space shuttle.

In the 1960s, the base was titled Naval Aviation Weapons Facility Machrihanish, designed to store “classified weapons”. US forces moved out of the base in 1995.

Calvine Photograph linked to numerous other UFO sightings

Numerous reports from the period have RAF Machrihanish at centre of various odd occurrences, such as high speed radar blips and “unusual ear-splitting jet noises” heard in the area.

Dr Clarke revealed it was this intelligence official’s testimony that reignited his interest in the case and triggered his investigation that led to the rediscovery of the photo.

“I was not expecting [the officer] to mention it and I had not intended to ask him about it,” Dr Clarke told The Sun.

“The photographs and sighting weren’t on my list of questions.

“I had arranged to speak to him about the time he spent investigating UFOs for British military intelligence and I simply asked ‘was there any particular incident or sighting that stuck in your mind as being inexplicable or out of the ordinary’ and he just said ‘yes’.”

Dr Clarke went on: “He said it was a one in a million chance. When he dropped this out I was stunned.

“It was obvious he was talking about the Calvine images.”

The officer also alleged the Calvine Vehicle was likely linked to the so-called Belgian UFO Wave from November 1989 to April 1990.

Many witnesses reported seeing a large triangular or diamond shaped object flying at low altitude. Two F-16 fighter aircraft were even dispatched to intercept one of the shapes.

Some claimed to have witnessed the shapes firing “lasers” at the ground, which would appear to match up with the account from the source of Calvine Vehicle being a target finding tool.

Declassified defence report provides yet more clues

Dr Clarke uncovered yet more compelling circumstantial evidence contained with a declassified version of Ministry of Defence’s 463-page, four volume UFO report “Condign”.

Within the report is a section talking about Western “black projects” — which includes the SR-71 stealth fighter, a Mach 3 recon plane that was originally top secret before being made public by the US.

Alongside this section are two heavily redacted sections and two redacted photos.

The MoD has declined to release the unredacted version of the report, stating it was “accidentally destroyed”.

The black projects are discussed in relation to UAP (unidentified aerial phenomena) events — a term now commonly used in Washington amid the latest spate of UFO sightings in the US.

“I am confident those images are photographs of a still-top secret US reconnaissance aircraft, possibly the one photographed in Scotland,” Dr Clarke told The Sun.

Meanwhile, the investigators obtained a redacted document which makes mention of a D-notice — an official request to media outlets not to publish a story due to national security concerns.

It also makes reference to “the remaining ASTRA/AURORA” photos. The Aurora was a long rumoured hypersonic US spy plane which is also claimed to have been spotted around the UK in the 90s.

Matthew Illsley, another investigator working with Dr Clarke, told The Sun: “Of course, we don’t know if this was related to Calvine or to some other event.

“But it does lend credence to the idea that secret photos, D-notices and black project aircraft that no one publicly knows about or officially admits to do in fact exist.”

Further fuelling the idea the Calvine Vehicle may have been a piece of experimental US tech is a patent filed by aerospace engine Salvatore Cezar Pais.

Mr Pais, who currently works for the US Space Force, has filed a number of a patents while working for the US Department of the Navy for highly experimental and often almost sci-fi aircraft and propulsion systems.

One of his many granted patents shows a diamond shaped aircraft apparently propelled by microwaves.

His patents are not just works of fancy. The chief technology officer of the US Naval Aviation Enterprise James Sheey once wrote to the US Patent Office in support of Mr Pais’ work and insisting “China is already investing significantly in this area”.

History of the Calvine Photograph

The Calvine Photo was snapped near its namesake Calvine, a small town in central Scotland.

It is claimed two men stumbled across the jaw dropping scene while hiking or hunting, witnessing the large metallic object as fighter jets made passes in the distance before it shot off into the sky, never to be seen again.

Luckily, they seemed to capture the moment on camera, snapping six photographs of the diamond shaped craft with a fighter plane in the background.

The photos were then were given to the Scotland’s Daily Record newspaper who in turn passed them to the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

For unknown reasons the story was never published and the photos vanished into the black hole of Whitehall, and so began the modern myth of the “Calvine Photograph”.

Five of the other photos taken that night remain lost, one of which reportedly shows the two men posing with the shape in the background.

It is understood the aircraft in the background at Harrier jump jets, which were used by both the US and UK.

Photo analysis undertaken by senior lecturer Andrew Robinson at Sheffield Hallam University indicated the photo was unaltered.

In an extensive 11-page study, he concluded that if the object is a fake, it would had to have had to be hoax staged in front of the camera.

“The image shows no evidence of negative or print based manipulation and all visible signs suggest this is a genuine photograph of the scene before the camera,” Mr Robinson wrote.

Researchers call for final piece of the puzzle

Dr Clarke believes his team is very close to solving the mystery, but they need a few final clues.

“I think we are as close as it is possible for anyone to be,” he told The Sun.

“But as my source said, the authorities have been ‘very clever’ with this one and have gone to great lengths to ensure the truth is, annoyingly, still out there.

“They claim to have no records on the photographs other than the sparse papers released in 2009.

“This is patent nonsense as the photographs were, I am told by another intelligence source, classified secret and were the subject of a meeting held in Washington DC in 1992 attended by US and British intelligence.

“I am confident there is a substantial file on the case that contains both copy negatives and detailed analysis of the images.”

He went on: “Given the secrecy that surrounds the story it is no surprise that the photographer and his friend have ‘disappeared’.

“I feel sure they will be aware of the most recent publicity surrounding the photographs but, for whatever reason, continue to prefer to say nothing.

“If the photos are a ‘spoof’ or a hoax, as many have claimed, this seems a strange state of affairs.

“At the very least the photographer owns copyright on the images and deserves to be properly acknowledged as their creator.”

Dr Clarke said he was releasing the bombshell account as his team continues to search for the photographer who took the famous photo. They are urging anyone with information about the man named “Kevin Russell”, whose name appears handwritten on the back of the original print of the photo, to come forward.

Dr Clarke hopes Kevin is the final piece of the puzzle.

{ https://www.news.com.au/ }

06-09-2024 om 00:57 geschreven door peter  

Man Who Knew Two Photographers Who Took 1990 Calvine UFO Photo Reveals They Disappeared Mysteriously From The Face Of The Earth

The biggest UFO revelation happened in 2022. A mysterious UFO photo from the Calvine incident, which was set to be released on January 1, 2072, was somehow found and released by UAP Media UK. The 1990 Calvine UFO incident is one of the most discussed cases in the UAP community. After 34 years, the colleague of the two British photographers who witnessed and captured this historic UFO photo has finally come forward with an even more bizarre story.

• https://youtu.be/Hlff9QcYCDU

There are many videos and photographs of UFOs on the Internet, and some of them have credibility. However, there is one photograph sent to the UK defense ministry, the MoD, which is considered to be the most spectacular UFO photo, although somehow, it has disappeared. The photograph contains a 100-foot diamond-shaped flying saucer hovering over a village named Calvine in the Scottish Highlands. The photo was taken in 1990.

Vinnie Adams of the UAP Media UK disclosed that his team not only found the original print of the Calvine “UFO,” taken directly from the negatives, but also the original envelope which was sent from the Scottish Daily Record to Craig Lindsay, who was the MOD Press Officer that dealt with the case at the time.

Mail Online has covered the new addition to the Calvine incident. Dr David Clarke, a research fellow and lecturer in journalism at Sheffield Hallam University writes that retired chef Richard Grieve, who at the time of the incident was 21, spoke about that mysterious night in 1990 for the first time in 34 years. The story goes like this: (Source)

On a dark, stormy night in Pitlochry, Scotland, a group of young chefs took a break outside their hotel kitchen. Normally, they joked and shared drinks, but this night was different. Two chefs were talking excitedly about seeing a huge, diamond-shaped object hovering silently in the sky while hiking in Calvine a few nights earlier. They took photos and showed them to a newspaper.

As they discussed their experience, a dark car arrived, and two men in black suits emerged, calling the two chefs by name. The rest of the group was ordered to get back inside. The chefs were taken for a private talk.

The following morning, different chefs were on duty. Richard remembered the two chefs being very shaken after the meeting with the men who claimed to be from the Royal Navy. Following the encounter, the chefs felt they were being followed, their behavior changed dramatically, and they eventually left their jobs. Richard never saw them again. One of the chefs hinted that whatever they saw involved Americans.

Dr. David Clarke writes that for over 15 years, he has been deeply intrigued by the “Calvine Incident” and the mystery surrounding the photographs taken by two chefs on that night. His search for the truth has led him from the Highlands of Scotland to the secretive depths of the US Pentagon. Dr. Clarke first discovered the story in 2009 when the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) disbanded its UFO desk and released thousands of files. Among these files, he found the heavily redacted Calvine file, which contained a poor photocopy of the chefs’ photograph.

After years of continued investigation with other experts, Dr. Clarke finally found the original photo at the home of Craig Lindsay, a retired RAF press officer. Lindsay had kept the photo hidden on a bookshelf for 32 years. When Dr. Clarke contacted him in 2022, Lindsay, then in his 80s, revealed he had been waiting for someone to ask about the photo for more than 30 years.

In 2022, this Calvine UFO photo was published by the Daily Mail. Dr. Clarke has been flooded with emails from UFO enthusiasts wanting more information and sharing their theories about the object in the photo. Some believe it is an alien spacecraft that was intercepted by Royal Air Force (RAF) jets. Others think that it might be a secret U.S. military project involving advanced technology, like the Hopeless Diamond or Aurora, which is known for its stealth capabilities.

Some skeptics think the photo could be a hoax. Despite all this interest, Dr. Clarke has not been able to contact the two men who had taken the photo. Richard Grieve, who worked at a hotel in Pitlochry where those men were chefs in 1990, mentioned that they seemed to have disappeared.

The name “Kevin Russell” was written on the back of the photo print. The Daily Record newspaper sent the photo to Lindsay. Lindsay then faxed the photo to the Ministry of Defense (MoD) and tried to contact the photographer using the phone number provided by the newspaper. However, there was no luck finding any further information about them.

The chefs who took the photo reported seeing a military Harrier jet flying below the UFO, and another jet circling it. They also said the UFO shot up into the sky without making any noise. Lindsay summarized this account and sent it to the MoD, who told him to let their London office handle it.

Dr. Clarke and a film crew have been looking for Kevin Russell, the photographer of a controversial photo, for 18 months. They found 140 people named Kevin Russell, but none admitted to taking the photo. It is possible the name is fake, or the real photographer is still too scared to come forward.

Richard Grieve believes they were genuinely frightened and would not have made up the story. After developing the photos, one chef took a bus to Glasgow to deliver them to the Daily Record newspaper. Soon after, a mysterious dark car appeared. One chef hinted to Richard that “it was the Americans,” suggesting U.S. involvement. The Ministry of Defence refuses to release information about the photos, saying the negatives were returned to the newspaper and all other records were sent to The National Archives or destroyed.

The MoD file mentions that analysis of one of the missing images revealed a second jet in the distance, making a hoax even less likely. The images underwent at least three separate analyses by UK and US government agencies. A 1990 briefing for Defence Minister Ken Carlisle concluded that the jet in the photo was likely a Harrier, even though no Harriers were known to be flying in Scotland that evening. The experts could not definitively identify the diamond-shaped object.

Despite preparing for a story, the Daily Record never published the photos. Malcolm Speed, a former news editor at the paper, recalls seeing the photos and being surprised they were not published, especially after being told by the picture editor, Andy Allan, that the RAF said they were fakes. Andy Allan, who passed away in 2007, could not provide his account, leaving Malcolm Speed to wonder if Andy was misled by the RAF.

Dr. Clarke noted the sighting’s date, August 4, 1990, coincided with the early stages of the Gulf War. The US military was mobilizing many resources, including the F117A stealth fighter, which had been in development for years and resembled the object photographed in Scotland. The US government has since admitted to flying prototype aircraft that looked like UFOs, including triangle-shaped ones capable of hovering. The Calvine UFO might have been one of these prototypes.

The US Department of Defence’s All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) recently released a report stating that many UFO sightings were actually misidentified highly sensitive national security programs. The report refers to a 1990s sighting near a US military facility, possibly Area 51, where experimental aircraft were tested. This sighting had characteristics matching those of a secret platform being tested at the time.

Read also:

• Ex-US Marine Saw Massive UFO Being Loaded With Weapons By Secret Military In Indonesia Jungle
• US Congressman Says Revealing UFO Technology Is a Threat to Energy Sector: It Can Disrupt World Economy

Dr. Clarke suggests that what the chefs saw over Calvine might have been one of these secret American prototype aircraft.

According to a 30-year rule in the UK, the MoD was supposed to release the secret UFO dossier on January 1, 2021, but the UK government banned the release for another 50 years. This secret file is said to contain the infamous UFO photo from the Calvine incident. Now, it is set to be released on January 1, 2072.

UAP Media UK has been working hard to bring a serious resource to British media outlets on the discussion of UFOs. One of the members of this project, Vinnie Adams had been working with Dr. Clarke and a small team of researchers on the Calvine case from 1990 in Scotland.

In May 2022, Dr. Clarke interviewed Craig in Scotland and was shown the original print. In June, Craig agreed to donate the photograph to the Sheffield Hallam University Archives, handing it to Dr. Clarke and Vinnie Adams. The image now resides in its new home at the Sheffield Hallam University folklore archives.

Authenticity of Calvine UFO Photo

Andrew Robinson, a senior lecturer in Photography at Sheffield Hallam University claims the authenticity of the 1990 Scottish highlands UFO photo. In his detailed analysis, he found the image showing no evidence of negative or print-based manipulation, and all visible signs suggest this is a genuine photograph of the scene before the camera. (Source)

Robinson concluded in his study:

1. The photograph is a color print from XP-1 or XP-2 chromogenic Black and White C41 film printed on a standard;

2. It is not possible to identify the object in the center of the frame. However, the evidence present suggests that this object was in front of the camera in the position shown when the photograph was captured;

3. Thus it follows that this is either a genuine unidentified flying object in the sky OR that any construction or manipulation used to create this effect occurred in front of the camera and not in the capturing of the scene on film nor in the subsequent processing and printing of the image;

4. The results of this analysis are consistent with, and support the claimed heritage of the print.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

06-09-2024 om 00:35 geschreven door peter  

This Man From US Army Claims 57 Alien Species Similar To Humans Are Walking Among People

In the world of UFO research, the name of retired Army sergeant Clifford Stone is nearly a legend. Stone claimed to have been serving for 22 years as a Decorated Vietnam combat veteran. From 1968 to 1990, he was a part of the secret elite group that was assigned to recover the crashed UFO or E.T. parts, alien bodies, and artifacts. Besides, he said that intelligent life had been visiting our planet in highly advanced crafts that are capable of covering many light-years in less time which is beyond modern human knowledge.

Initially, he was assigned to the NBC Team (nuclear, biological, and chemical retrieval and abatement detail) at Fort McClellan Army post in Alabama and did some regular assignments until he was called for retrieval duties. He was reportedly out for a week when the army required him for UFO retrievals. What is more, his army service record was manipulated and excluded all his UFO recovery activities, showing him as a typist.

To support his claims, Stone cleverly disclosed the existence of classified projects such as Moon Dust and Blue Fly, that had been created to hide the UFOs’ debris by using Freedom of Information Acts.

For example, in reviewing an Air Force Intelligence letter known as the Betz memo (1961), Sgt. Stone was able to reveal to the general public evidence that Project Moon Dust involved a “potential for employment of qualified field intelligence personnel on a quick reaction basis to recover or perform field exploitation of unidentified flying objects.” (Source)

Stone’s catalogs in UFOs are real documents he had been able to retrieve by FOIA even during his years of military service. Consequently, Stone’s pioneering documentary research into UFO crash retrievals is strong support for his testimony of actually having served on such teams during his military service.

Read also:

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• Ex-NASA Employee Saw Hi-res UFO/Alien Craft Photos, Ready To Testify Before Congress
• FBI Chilling UFO Reports: Recovered 3 UFOs With Alien Bodies In New Mexico & 27,000 Mph Craft

Stone claimed in his old interviews that during his military service, he was monitored by an individual whose rank he was never told but whom he called “Colonel.” The colonel was present at UFO crash retrieval locations and led debriefing sessions of Stone. He noted that the colonel allowed him to read a three-inch thick notebook manual that contained information on 57 types of extraterrestrial biological entities (EBEs) known to the military.

He said that many species looked like humans, but their eyes were slightly larger and had black iris. According to him, extraterrestrial species contacted only through telepathy and could even read minds.

In 1973, Stone was involved in the retrieval of a crashed UFO. He hid a small metallic piece of UFO in his shoe and buried it near his property in New Mexico, Nevada, after his retirement in 1989.

He said: “Yes, I have it and wouldn’t dare to keep it in the house. I had it here to show some people where I kept it, a day longer than I should have and then somebody actually came here and tried to take it. That was some tense moments, I almost shot somebody that day.”

On May 9, 2001, over twenty military, intelligence, government, corporate and scientific witnesses came forward at the National Press Club in Washington, DC to establish the reality of UFOs or extraterrestrial vehicles, extraterrestrial life forms, and the resulting advanced energy and propulsion technologies. As part of the Disclosure Project, Sgt. Stone publicly revealed his story and was willing to testify before Congress if they asked him.

Below is the transcript of Sgt. Stone’s part in the Disclosure Program (Full Video link here):

“Morning ladies and gentlemen, my name is Clifford Stone, I was a sergeant first class United States Army. I had a secret clearance with nuclear surety. I could get the clearance that I needed to do whatever it was necessary for me to do at the time on special operations when I was called in on those.

What I’m referring to here is that I was involved in situations where we actually did recoveries of crashed saucers. There were bodies involved with some of these crashes and also some were alive. While we were doing all this, we were telling the American public there was nothing to it. We were telling the world there was nothing to it.

I’d like to go into detail on some of the cases about the nuts and bolts cases right here. But I will be available if you have any questions concerning my involvement in this, you can talk to Dr. Greer to arrange for me to get to talk to you. But the whole situation is, we have setback, we’ve told the American people that there’s no such thing as UFOs. I’ve been involved where we have recovered these objects, we know them to be of extraterrestrials.

In 1969, I had an event that happened to me while I was stationed at Fort Lee Virginia. We went to Indiantown Gap Pennsylvania that would be my first exposure to any time that we would be recovering an unidentified flying object. When we went there, we already had people that were in the facility with a backup team which was supposed to be NBC because there were supposed to be some nuclear materials that were on board this craft.

Later on, most people involved were told that there was nothing on board. It was nothing more than to crash at one of our aircraft. I know better because I was one of the people that approached it with a Geiger counter to get surface readings. I was the first person to go ahead and see that there were bodies on it that would be the first of approximately 12 events.

UFO crashes are not events that take place every day. They’re rare. I know we’re not alone in the universe. I know that the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, it’s evidence that has been denied to the American people. I stand before you today and my Almighty God, and I tell you this: if the Congress calls me in and says: ‘Will you testify in detail what you know?’ I stand here today prepared and ready to do just that, governments must never lie to the people for no reason. Thank you.”

Italo-American photojournalist and UFO researcher Paola Harris wrote in her book, “Eyes Only: The Story of Clifford Stone and UFO Crash Retrievals” about his childhood E.T. friend named Korona, who looked like a human and was with Stone to understand human emotions. (Source)

Further, she talked about Stone’s alien encounter in Vietnam, where he helped aliens to escape from military custody, as he cared for the rights of extraterrestrials who visit Earth.

Sgt. Clifford Stone claimed that he had been good at communicating with the ETs found at the crash sites or in an encounter with his military team. Once, his team fired a bullet at an ET, but they deflected it with some advanced technology. He also mentioned the teleport techniques of ETs when he found himself hundreds of feet from his initial position.

Stone also claimed that there are many alien groups that visit our solar system and Earth as well, but when humans learned how to detect their crafts, they limited their visits but did not stop.

He had no intention to benefit from his claims and evidence and no desire to gain publicity. His only desire was to let the US citizens know the truth about the UFOs and extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), that these are interplanetary spacecraft. Sgt. Clifford Stone, aged 72, passed away peacefully at his home on February 10, 2021.

• https://exopolitics.org/ufo-crash-retrievals-extraterrestrial-communications-clifford-stone-interviews/
• https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/usaf-soldier-reveals-buried-metal-16774159
• https://www.amazon.sg/Ufos-Are-Real-Extraterrestrial-Encounters/dp/1561719722
• https://www.coasttocoastam.com/guest/stone-clifford-7364/
• https://www.gaia.com/video/clifford-stone-truth-about-roswell

• https://youtu.be/yBP0D24Lfo0

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05-09-2024 om 23:01 geschreven door peter  

ScreenThe frost on Olympus Mons, is shaded in blue.

CREDIT: Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlishot

According to the team’s analysis, the layer of water frost appears each morning until the rising sun heats up the planet’s surface and causes it to evaporate back into the atmosphere. The process normally only takes a few hours, as the frost only appears as a very thin layer, likely only one-hundredth of a millimeter thick, before disappearing. For comparison, this is about the thickness of a human hair.

Still, the researchers say that the actual covering of frost is incredibly vast. In fact, the team calculates that as much as 150,000 tons of water are evaporated and then redeposited on the Martian surface every single day. “That’s roughly the equivalent of 60 Olympic-sized swimming pools,” they explain.

Discovery Atop Martian VOlcanoes is the Culmination of Six Year Long Project

In the team’s published study, which appears in the journal Nature Geoscience, Valantis notes how he first began searching for evidence of frost atop Martian volcanoes back in 2018 when he was still a Ph.D. student at the University of Bern. That effort involved combing through thousands of high-resolution photos of Mars captured by the Color and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) instrument onboard the European Space Agency’s Trace Gas Orbiter.

When an image revealed a spectral signature consistent with water frost, Valantis says he placed it into a larger series of images sorted by time, location, and season. As more images joined the series, Valantis found that they began to reveal a daily cycle, where this ultra-thin layer of water frost was deposited overnight and then evaporated back into the atmosphere by the rising sun each morning.

“What we’re seeing may be a remnant of an ancient climate cycle on modern Mars,” Valantis posited, “where you had precipitation and maybe even snowfall on these volcanoes in the past.”

To ensure that what they were seeing was real since it was so unexpected, Valantis and his colleagues verified the images using separate observations made by the High-Resolution Stereo Camera onboard the ESA’s Mars Express orbiter and the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery spectrometer onboard the Trace Gas Orbiter. All told, the researchers say over 30,000 images were selected and verified during the six-year project.

In the study’s conclusion, the team says they believe the water frost, which sits inside the caldera of several Martian volcanoes within the Tharsis range, is created and deposited due to microclimates that form within these massive structures. These microclimates exist due to the enormous height of the Tharis volcanoes. According to the researchers, the mountainous volcanoes of Tharsis range between one and two times the size of Mount Everest on Earth. The largest, Olympus Mons, is as wide as France.

Astrobiology and the Search for Marian Life

Since his transition from Bern University to Brown University, Valantis says he is going to continue exploring “Martian mysteries.” This includes transitioning to a full-time astrobiology role, where he will apply his analysis skills to help characterize the ancient environments around Martian vents, where microbial life may have once thrived.

According to the press release announcing the discovery, the researchers believe that modeling how the frosts are forming atop these Martian volcanoes “could allow scientists to reveal more of Mars’ remaining secrets, including understanding where water exists and how it moves, as well as understanding the planet’s complex atmospheric dynamics, which is essential for future exploration and the search for possible signs of life.”

If everything goes well, Valantis said he hopes his work, including his discovery of water frost atop Martian volcanoes, can help lead to the detection and collection of high-value Martian soil samples that are brought back to Earth for study. In fact, he says that searching for life that evolved outside of Earth has always captured his imagination, so he is not going to miss out on the opportunity to help science try to make another major discovery.

“This notion of a second genesis, of life beyond Earth, has always fascinated me,” Valantinas said.

• Christopher Plain is a Science Fiction and Fantasy novelist and Head Science Writer at The Debrief. Follow and connect with him on X, learn about his books at plainfiction.com, or email him directly at christopher@thedebrief.org.

Inside Monster Martian Volcanoes

The newly discovered volcano has monstered-sized company in the form of three other gigantic Martian volcanoes

Background image: NASA Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) digital elevation model. Geologic interpretation & annotations by Pascal Lee and Sourabh Shubham 2024

The volcano, temporarily named the Noctis, spans 280 miles wide and was discovered alongside a buried ice glacier to the east of Mars.

NASA/USGS

“This area of Mars is known to have a wide variety of hydrated minerals spanning a long stretch of Martian history,” said Sourabh Shubham, a graduate student at the University of Maryland’s Department of Geology.

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05-09-2024 om 22:33 geschreven door peter