Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
As every citizen of Roswell knows, the city is at the center of one of the greatest mysteries of all time. In 1947, something crashed in the New Mexico desert and was taken to Roswell Army [auth] Air Field — now the Roswell International Air Center.
Believers say it was a crashed alien spacecraft, while skeptics argue that it was simply the wreckage of a weather balloon. As we approach the 70th anniversary of this much-debated incident, the Roswell Daily Record is launching a campaign to resolve the mystery for once and for all. To do so, we need your help. While people argue to this day about what happened at Roswell in the summer of 1947, nobody disputes that something crashed. That’s because far from denying this, the military authorities actually helped get the story out — at least at first.
Roswell Daily Record July 8, 1947.
They signed off on text that read, in part, “The many rumors surrounding the flying disk became a reality yesterday when the intelligence office of the 509th Bomb Group of the Eighth Air Force, Roswell Army Air Field, was fortunate enough to gain possession of a disk.” The Roswell Daily Record wrote this up as the lead story, under the headline “RAAF Captures Flying Saucer on Ranch in Roswell Region.” That July 8, 1947 front-page headline is now as much a part of pop culture as the Roswell incident itself.
However, just a day later, the military changed its story and said that the “flying disk” had been identified as debris from a crashed weather balloon and the equipment it had been carrying. Whatever the truth, something crashed.
Seventy years on, is there any hope of solving the mystery? I think there is. I used to investigate UFOs for the British government, which was just one of a number of fascinating postings I had in a 21-year career at the UK’s Ministry of Defense. In my experience, the key to solving a mystery like this lies in the community in which these events unfolded.
Field where the Roswell debris is said to have been found.
(Credit: OpenMinds.tv)
That’s why I’ve teamed up with the Roswell Daily Record to launch an appeal. Because nobody denies there was a crash, we know that there was wreckage. And because no clean-up operation can ever be perfect, and because people like souvenirs, we believe there could still be pieces of this wreckage somewhere out there in the local community.
Some of the military personnel involved in the Roswell incident lived off-base in the local community. Some put down roots in Roswell. These people — or perhaps their children or grandchildren — might have boxes up in their attics, filled with memorabilia.
Alternatively, is there a trinket box on the mantelpiece, a jewelry box hidden away somewhere, or a desk drawer that hasn’t been cleared out in years? Our request is that readers root around and see what they can turn up. Look in particular for strange pieces of metal, but keep an eye out for anything else that might be connected with the events of 1947, such as documents, photographs or diaries. While our main focus of interest is the Roswell crash, we’d be fascinated in anything else that relates to the military base or the city itself, as it was in 1947.
Why are we launching this appeal now? Many of the people involved in the Roswell incident have passed away. The whole event is passing from living memory into history. The forthcoming 70th anniversary is likely to attract considerable media attention and public interest. Thus, it may represent our final chance to smoke out memories and memorabilia from those who were there — a last opportunity to solve the mystery.
Roswell Daily Record, July 9, 1947. Click to enlarge.
(Credit: Roswell Daily Record)
The Daily Record is organizing a 70th anniversary event June 30 through July 2 at the Sally Port Inn & Suites. The event is called 2017 Roswell Incident and will feature a number of UFO experts and witnesses who’ll share their stories and experiences with attendees.
I’ll be one of these guests. As part of this event, the Daily Record would like to showcase any evidence that local people find around their homes. In the run-up to the event, we’ll keep readers updated on the search, and will feature any interesting developments in the newspaper and on our website.
So please have a good root-around and see if you can turn up anything that might help us resolve the Roswell mystery. If you do, please email webmaster@rdrnews.com. Happy hunting.
While scientists puzzle over important Mars questions -- Is there evidence of past life there? Liquid water? -- some of us are left to ask more mundane questions, like: Was there once soup on Mars? YouTube user UFO Hunter spotted what looks like a spoon half-buried in dust on the surface of the Red Planet.
As thrilling as that sounds, the more likely explanation is that it's an odd spoon-shaped bit of regular old Mars landscape.
Humans have a propensity for assigning familiar characteristics to random objects, a phenomenon called "pareidolia." This is what lets us imaginatively see sheep in clouds and everything from a fish to Donald Trump's face on Mars.
This isn't the first time a spoon-like formation has been spotted in a rover image. A gravity-defying, shadow-casting "spoon" popped up in late 2015. Maybe someday we'll find an entire set of silverware so we can throw a formal dinner party on Mars. Let's just be sure to invite the planet's ancient gods.
A Dyson Sphere under construction, which could theoretically cause large flux dips and progressively dims the star over time. This Alien Megastructure idea, however, should only be taken seriously when all other natural explanations are ruled out.
Image credit: public domain art by CapnHack, via http://energyphysics.wikispaces.com/Proto-Dyson+Sphere.
When it comes to the hunt for extraterrestrial life, perhaps the biggest dream we have isn't to encounter a civilization like our own, but one far more advanced. Rather than seeking radio signals, electromagnetic beacons or chemical signatures, perhaps we could look for something far more advanced than anything we've done here. Perhaps looking for large-scale planet or solar system modifications -- evidence that aliens had altered an entire world or the space around a star -- would be the miracle signal we've been longing for. If you ever encountered a case where all the natural explanations you could come up with for your observations failed, the idea of Alien Megastructures might be the ultimate dream come true.
The infrared (L) and ultraviolet (R) emissions from Tabby's star: KIC 8462852. They show no evidence of a great many of the natural explanations for the flux dips observed.
Image credit: Infrared: IPAC/NASA (2MASS), at left; Ultraviolet: STScI (GALEX), at right.
The Kepler spacecraft was remarkable for its ability to observe and monitor the brightness of more than 100,000 stars at once over timescales of multiple years. If a star brightened or dimmed, temporarily or permanently, once or periodically, we could determine all sorts of natural causes. Transiting planets that dipped behind or passed in front of their parent star were revealed; hundreds of eclipsing binary stars were uncovered; intrinsically varying stars were found. Practically all of the variations seen were regular, periodic and predictable. But there's one star that stands out from all the others: KIC 8462852, known as Tabby's star for the leader of the team studying it, Tabetha S. Boyajian. Its flux drops off by incredibly large amounts, larger than any conceivable planetary transit could cause, and it does so with no discernible period, with varying drops by varying amounts.
The flux, including the dips, in KIC 8462852, exhibiting unprecedented dimming and rebrightening. These unique features aren't seen anywhere else.
Image credit: Wikimedia Commons user JohnPassos, under c.c.a.-s.a.-4.0 international.
There are a few stars that have been discovered that do something similar, but all of them are part of a class of objects known as YSOs: Young Stellar Objects. The other stars are very young, having not finished forming yet. They all exhibit protoplanetary disks and give off large amounts of infrared radiation. In particular, their light curves -- including the shapes of their dips -- also differ from that of Tabby's star. Out of over 100,000 stars imaged by Kepler, Tabby's star is unique. For one, it has the hallmarks of an older star, one only slightly more massive than our Sun but that's hundreds of millions years old, rather than just a few million like YSOs. No infrared radiation means no protoplanetary disk around it. Large, ringed planets give the wrong signal shape to block that much light. Colliding, massive planets have been disfavored by follow-up studies looking for warm dust as a result. Even dusty, swarming comets would have infrared radiation, but none beyond what's localized in the central star system is seen.
A dusty debris disk either around the star itself or the planets that orbit it would emit infrared radiation, where none is seen.
Image credit: ESA, NASA, and L. Calcada (ESO for STScI).
And unlike all the other stars, Tabby's star has controversially been slowly but consistently changing in brightness, with a net dimming, over the past 120 years. When all the seemingly natural, expected explanations fail, whatever is left, no matter how unlikely, must be the truth. Would that mean alien megastructures? Not so fast!
A solar flare from our Sun, which is far lower in magnitude and light-blocking capabilities than needed to explain Tabby's star.
Image credit: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory / GSFC.
The method involves looking, in gory detail, at all the small dips in brightness coming from the star itself as well as the large, aperiodic ones. The smaller dips are also non-periodic, but are thought to represent the underlying activity -- likely caused by outbursts that then block the light -- from the star. These are frequent, and they occur on all scales: at the 1% level, the 0.1% level, the 0.01% level, etc. By modeling the frequency and intensity of these outbursts, they can construct a mathematical model for the large outbursts, which they dub statistical avalanches. As Mohammed Sheikh, leader of the study, says,
"Once the light curve drops below the threshold, we consider such an event the start of an avalanche. While the light curve remains below the threshold the avalanche continues, and it stops when it increases again to a value above the threshold."
Their analysis shows that the avalanche model is extremely consistent with what's observed. In other words, this could just be a star that's intensely active in some poorly understood way, giving off periodic massive outbursts that cause a dimming of the light. And the fact that stars like this are rare is what's been fooling us all along.
Originally, a scenario of a shattered comet was considered to explain Tabby's star. Instead, a series of long-period comet-like objects with massive dust halos could cause these temporary, transient flux dips.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.
The second paper hypothesizes a new class of object: a massive object surrounded by a dust cloud. This would sound insane except we already have objects that do this in our Solar System: comets. If they start a long distance from the star, start emitting a tail and a coma, and then transit in front of the star, they could cause these large flux dips. The signal would also be aperiodic. By simply setting up this hypothesis and fiddling with a few free parameters, they can easily fit all four of the largest flux dips fairly well, showing that there is another potential path to solving this problem other than aliens.
The red lines (models) and the green lines (data) can be matched very well from a massive object-with-a-dust cloud model with very few free parameters, but it will take detailed follow-up observations to confirm this picture.
Image credit: L. Neslusan and J. Budaj, via
https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.06121.
It's only human nature to want the most fantastic of our dreams to come true. To discover an alien species much more advanced than our own would certainly meet that criteria, and would revolutionize how we view our place in the Universe. But before embracing anything along those lines, all the natural explanations need to be ruled out. This includes large-perihelion comets, which could block a large amount of the star's light in a temporary, transient way, and the statistical avalanche theory, which might hold a clue. As physicist Steinn Sigur∂sson states:
The large brightness variations cannot be explained with simple astrophysical models. Normal middle-aged main sequence stars do not exhibit large spontaneous brightness variations. While other stars have been seen to dim by comparable amounts and durations, they were all much younger—in or near the star-forming phase. [Tabby's] star would be a one-in-a-million anomaly.
It's already a one-in-100,000+ anomaly, and everyone agrees that further follow-up observations are mandatory for uncovering the root cause. No matter what the solution, we're bound to learn something new about the Universe. The revolution is at hand. The only question is whether it will be a revolution for stellar astrophysicists, planet hunters, or the entire human race.
Multiple UFOs reported 20 feet over Pennsylvania homes
Multiple UFOs reported 20 feet over Pennsylvania homes
A Pennsylvania witness at Fairless Hills reported watching four triangle-shaped UFOs silently moving just 20 feet over neighboring homes followed by 20 to 30 star-like objects crossing the sky, according to testimony in Case 80797 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database.
The sighting began about 8:20 p.m. on November 4, 2016, when the witness took his two children out for a walk in search of Pokémon hotspots.
“It was a crisp fall night, and for a night sky, the sky was bright and full of stars with no clouds or precipitation,” the witness stated. “At approximately 8:20 p.m. we turned and began walking up a street with a slight incline, and my youngest child stopped to catch a Pokémon and had lagged behind. I noticed he was no longer with us and I turned around to call to him to catch up, and right behind him were two huge, black, triangular craft, larger than the houses they were above, flying slowly and approximately 20 feet above the one story houses across the street, and approximately 20 feet away.”
The witness immediately spotted a second craft.
“The second craft was flying at the same height as the first craft, immediately behind it. The two craft were black with three unwavering bright white lights at the three corners of the triangles, with a solid bright primary, red light in the center of the craft. The craft were completely silent; they were almost on top of us and we never would have known they were there if I did not happen to look behind us. The two craft came from a western direction and were heading east.”
Witness illustration.
(Credit: MUFON)
The objects then changed direction.
“We observed the craft silently shift direction southeast before disappearing behind trees and we lost visual contact with the craft. We continued walking up the road away from the craft headed north, heading home, for approximately 10 seconds, when I looked behind again to where we had sighted the craft. Two more triangular craft were flying in the exact same direction in the exact location where the first two craft were sighted, and they turned and headed southeast in exactly the same spot that the other two craft had turned. It was as if we witnessed deja vu; as if we viewed the event again, but this time at a slightly different angle, as we were slightly farther away from the craft the second time around.”
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 1.
(Credit: MUFON)
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 2.
(Credit: MUFON)
The witness then returned to the original location.
“We walked back down to the location where we spotted and observed the first craft, this time from a farther distance away, as the craft were heading away from us. And at this point my eldest son managed to snap two photographs of these second two craft with his phone.”
The witness then observed a large group of star-like objects.
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 1.
(Credit: MUFON)
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 2.
(Credit: MUFON)
“We turned east and onto my road, when we looked up into the sky and witnessed a patch of sky with between 20 and 30 balls of light, exact number unable to be determined, that looked like stars, except that they were moving. Some of the lights were moving very slowly, almost imperceptibly, but other craft were moving so quick that they would leave a light trail behind them, as they shifted position. The lights were different colors, from red to bluish-white to orange to bright white. We walked towards this activity in the sky, however, these lights were high up – like stars – and to the east of our location. Our vision would occasionally be obstructed as we walked on our street due to street lamps, but the activity continued unabated as we reached our house. We ran inside and I asked my wife to come out and check out what was happening in the sky. Approximately three minutes later, just after 8:30 p.m., we walked back outside and there was nothing in the sky where we had just observed the lights; not even observable stars.”
Fairless Hills is in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, population 8,466. Pennsylvania MUFON State Section Director Donna Luther is investigating. Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made. The above quotes were edited for clarity. Please report UFO activity to MUFON.com
Close Encounter With A Triangle UFO Reported Over Ohio
Close Encounter With A Triangle UFO Reported Over Ohio
A massive, triangle UFO was spotted and recorded on videos above Springfield, Ohio. The witness was driving along a highway approaching Columbus when he first saw strange lights in the sky at 10 p.m. on the 29th of November 2016.
The witness described the colored lights as white, green, and red at the time and cylinder-like. The object got bigger as it became closer to the witness. This time, the object was not a cylinder looking anymore as it was starting to look like an airplane because it became like a triangular shape.
From the witness’ perspective, the object was gigantic.
As the UFO became so close to the witness, he realized that it was not an airplane. He saw a huge triangular shape UFO.
Using his cellphone, the witness captured snapchat videos and immediately sent them to his friends without saving them. Then the UFO started to turn a little bit like an airplane and went back to its straight position, the witness stated.
It came to his mind that it may be a plane crashing, resulting him to freak out. He was just calm down when the UFO was gone when he passed it in a flash and could not see it out of his window anymore.
The witness said that the object in question had a blackish gray base with red lights on it and three white lights on the three corners. He did not save any of the videos, and his friend sent him back screenshotted parts. The witness filed a report that included one image to Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). It can be accessed in Case 80785 of the MUFON’s witness reporting database.
Aliens Coming or Leaving Through A Wormhole, Conspiracy Theorists and Ufologists Claim
Aliens Coming or Leaving Through A Wormhole, Conspiracy Theorists and Ufologists Claim
The recent news on UFO landing on Earth has caused debates online as some enthusiasts suggested it emerged through a bright blue wormhole. The video of the event has since become viral and picked up by many conspiracy news sites and YouTube channels.
Though the video clip has spread widely over the internet, the location is still unknown. Eyewitnesses said the event involved a UFO that seemed to emerge via a bright blue tractor beam.
Skeptics suggested, however, the video is only meant to attract money through advertisements. They said that it is only a spoof or just a lightning strike.
Leading conspiracy theorists claimed that Nevada and Arizona are hotbeds for UFO sightings since they housed some alien spaceships.
Some renowned UFOlogists claimed the sighting happened on December 1 in Arizona. They are convinced that an alien spacecraft shot off through a wormhole to leave the Earth.
Despite allegations from UFOlogists and conspiracy theorists, NASA has refused to provide an official statement about it.
Triangle UFO filmed over Weirton, West Virginia 21-Sep-2016
Triangle UFO filmed over Weirton, West Virginia 21-Sep-2016
Here’s one interesting sighting of a triangular-shaped craft that was flying over Weirton in West Virginia.
Witness report:
Thank you for reviewing this case. I am also a MUFON member. Please do not dismiss due to the sound on this video, I will explain this odd event, I did not want to modify the video in any way to make it not credible. In September a week or 2 after coming back from Las Vegas Nevada my fiance and I experienced alot of bizarre events. During our trip to Las Vegas, being interested in the truth in EBE’s we drove out to Rachel Nevada, visiting the “black mailbox” I left behind an old student id card (not valid with an old address) after visiting the black mailbox we continued on our way to the back entrance of Area 51 and got as close to the gate as lawfully possible.
As we walked to the gate jokingly I said to my fiance, little do they know that we know the truth. We then came back to WV and just a week or 2 after our trip. My fiance was on the back porch at night (approx time at top) she saw these very low triangular orb set glide across the sky, she then yelled for me to come out. I can describe the object or objects too low to be an airplane and absolutely silent to be a helicopter. Usually helicopters have red flashing or white flashing lights. This was just 3,4 or 5 solid white lights in complete silence. They orbs did not hang around too much and the video was a last second record, so its a bit shaky. The orbs slowly disapeared behind a wooded area, twords the end you may think the lights are flashing but its just the lights shining in and out of trees. *****NOW let me explain the sound*****, after we got done recording it I decided to upload it to facebook and after uploading it to facebook, because I like to educate the public best of my knowledge, for some odd reason, facebook added this most bizarre sound i’ve ever heard. Facebook cant integrate sound into videos you upload.. My fiance and I are very serious on this topic so neither of us would be so arrogant to crack a joke. To this day I still cannot figure out how the audio got added to it or why, to make it a bit more credible, i’m a Systems Engineer, I live, eat, breathe technology.
Some unrelated bizarre happenings few days later after seeing this UFO, for 1 day and 1 day only, talking on the phone with my fiance, almost seemed like some staticy noise with odd sounds in the background, almost like two phone lines crossed over like the old cordless phones. We were using cellphones. It never happened again after that day… I feel like (not being paranoid) I was being profiled some how and some way by the ID I left back at the black mailbox.. If you have any questions please let me know, i’m happy to help disclose the truth to better mankind.
Silent triangular UFO caught on tape over San Diego, California 15-Nov-2016
Silent triangular UFO caught on tape over San Diego, California 15-Nov-2016
Here’s a new footage of a bright lights in triangular formation that were silently hovering in the night sky above San Diego in California. This was filmed on 15th November 2016.
A small dark object was spotted ahead of a helicopter in what many thought a hot pursuit operation. Window cleaner Darren Cooper hurriedly got his camera when he spotted a strange object in the evening sky. The UFO reportedly hovered above the witness for a few minutes before apparently flew off into the distance.
The dad-of-four got startled when he found out two minutes later that a black helicopter swooped above his house in seemingly hot pursuit of the strange object.
Southampton resident Darren said he went back to the house to review the footage, but within two minutes, he noticed a helicopter above the house. He rushed back outside with the camcorder. He saw the chopper followed the same flight path as the UFO in the sky earlier.
The video shows a helicopter seemingly turning as if searching for something.
There are many reports in the past involving helicopters coming after UFO sightings since the 1960s. These helicopters are believed to be part of a secret military force monitoring UFO activities. Declassified FBI files have disclosed reports on the presence of a jet-black aircraft in Colorado during a wave of cattle mutilation cases, where animal organs were removed with surgical precision and entirely drained of blood.
Some investigators of the cattle mutilations even claimed that phantom helicopters harassed them.
Diep onder het aardoppervlak haast een straalstroom zich met steeds grotere snelheid voort.
Dat hebben onderzoekers ontdekt met behulp van drie satellieten. Deze satellieten meten en monitoren het aardmagnetisch veld dat ons beschermt tegen kosmische straling en geladen deeltjes die de zon op ons afvuurt. Dit magnetisch veld bestaat dankzij de buitenkern van de aarde. Deze buitenkern bevindt zich tussen de 2900 en 5100 kilometer onder het oppervlak van de aarde en bestaat uit superheet, kolkend vloeibaar ijzer. En dat bewegende ijzer genereert een elektrische stroom die weer het continu veranderende aardmagnetisch veld genereert. Door dit magnetisch veld te bestuderen, kunnen onderzoekers meer te weten komen over hoe het ijzer in de buitenkern van de aarde beweegt.
Hier zie je – in oranje – de buitenkern van de aarde. Aangenomen wordt dat deze voor een groot deel verantwoordelijk is voor het genereren van het aardmagnetisch veld.
Afbeelding: ESA / AOES Medialab.
Straalstroom En nu stellen onderzoekers dat ze – aan de hand van het aardmagnetisch veld – een straalstroom in de buitenkern van de aarde hebben ontdekt. Deze straalstroom haast zich met een snelheid van zo’n 40 kilometer per jaar voort. Dat lijkt misschien niet zo snel, maar de snelheid van de straalstroom ligt zo’n drie keer hoger dan de snelheden die we gewoonlijk in de buitenkern ‘zien’. Bovendien beweegt de straalstroom honderdduizenden keren sneller dan de tektonische platen, zo benadrukken de onderzoekers.
Versnelling De wetenschappers detecteerden de straalstroom op het noordelijk halfrond, met name onder Alaska en Siberië. “We kunnen het (de straalstroom, red.) zien als een versnelling in een deel van de vloeistof die rond de pool beweegt,” vertelt onderzoeker Phil Livermore. De straalstroom blijkt zich bovendien nog steeds te versnellen.
Op de grens Maar hoe ontstaat die versnelling? Ook dat hebben de onderzoekers uitgezocht. Ze stellen dat de straalstroom ontstaat langs de grens tussen twee ‘regio’s’ in de buitenste kern. Wanneer materiaal uit die beide regio’s zich naar de grens begeeft, wordt de samenkomende vloeistof met aardig wat kracht opzij gedwongen en zo ontstaat dan de snelle straalstroom.
Onderzoekers blijven het magnetisch veld – en dus het binnenste van de aarde – bestuderen. “Meer verrassingen zijn zeer waarschijnlijk,” denkt onderzoeker Rune Floberghagen. “Het magnetisch veld verandert altijd en dat kan er zelfs voor zorgen dat de straalstroom van richting verandert (…) Het zijn opwindende tijden: we weten simpelweg niet wat we nog meer over onze planeet gaan ontdekken.”
Grote meteorietinslag zorgt gelukkig niet voor een tsunami
Grote meteorietinslag zorgt gelukkig niet voor een tsunami
Tim Kraaijvanger
Wat gebeurt er als een grote asteroïde in de Atlantische Oceaan landt? Krijgen we dan te maken met een allesverwoestende tsunami? Nee, zeer waarschijnlijk niet.
Wetenschappers van het nationale laboratorium van Los Alamos hebben een reeks 3D-simulaties uitgevoerd om te kijken wat er gebeurt als een asteroïde in de oceaan plonst. Hoewel er in eerste instantie gigantische golven kunnen ontstaan met een hoogte van enkele honderden meters tot enkele kilometers, zal er geen tsunami naar de kust rollen.
Dit heeft ermee te maken dat schokgolven bij een tsunami relatief kort zijn in vergelijking met een onderzeese aardbeving. De hoge golven na een asteroïdeinslag worden al snel kleiner, waardoor kustbewoners in veiligheid blijven.
Dichter bij de kust Er zijn uitzonderingen. Als een asteroïde tien tot twintig kilometer uit de kust neerstort, heeft dit wel vernietigende gevolgen voor de kustlijn. Zo moeten mensen rekening houden met hoog water, schokgolven in de lucht, hoge temperaturen en extreem harde windstoten. Wanneer een asteroïde in de lucht explodeert en meerdere delen in het water vallen, worden deze effecten versterkt.
Broeikaseffect XXL De onderzoekers beweren dat er een grotere zorg is dan een tsunami: waterdamp. Bij een asteroïdeinslag komt veel waterdamp in de atmosfeer terecht. Daar blijft het maanden tot jaren in de stratosfeer hangen. Aangezien waterdamp een broeikasgas is, warmt de aarde in korte tijd flink op.
Video Benieuwd naar de simulaties? Je kunt ze hieronder zien!
Opnieuw een ster gevonden die onregelmatig dimt19 december 2016
Opnieuw een ster gevonden die onregelmatig dimt19 december 2016
Tim Kraaijvanger
Er iets raars aan de hand met de jonge ster RIK-210. Op onregelmatige momenten dimt het licht van de ster. Welk mysterieus object blokkeert het sterrenlicht?
Wanneer het licht van een ster dimt, is dat vaak een teken dat er een planeet om de ster draait. De planeet houdt dan een deel van het sterrenlicht tegen, zoals de maan het licht van de zon tegenhoudt tijdens een zonsverduistering. Toch is dit niet het geval bij de ster RIK-210, die op een afstand van 472 lichtjaar van de aarde staat.
Het sterrenlicht dimt vijftien procent iedere 5,67 aardse dagen. Zo lang doet de ster RIK-210 over een rondje om zijn as. Dit betekent dat het object dat het licht blokkeert meedraait met de ster. Toch wordt het niet veroorzaakt door een begeleidende bruine dwerg of een exoplaneet. Uit verder onderzoek blijkt dat het ook geen protoplanetaire schijf is, oftewel een stofschijf die rondom de vijf tot tien miljoen jaar oude ster draait. Wat is het dan wel?
De dip in het sterrenlicht.
Wolk? “Het lijkt ons onwaarschijnlijk dat iets op het oppervlak van de ster het licht dimt”, schrijft het team. “De mogelijke oorzaak is een wolk in de magnetosfeer van de ster.” Dit is het gebied rondom de ster dat is gevuld met geladen deeltjes. Het is een logische verklaring, omdat een wolk vaak net zo snel roteert als het hemellichaam.
Om zeker te weten dat het een wolk is, moeten de onderzoekers de ster een langere periode volgen. Pas dan weten we zeker dat het geen buitenaardse megastuctuur is.
Tabby’s ster De laatste tijd zijn er vaker sterren gevonden met vreemde dippen, zoals KIC 8462852 (Tabby’s ster). De ruimtetelescoop Kepler zag bijzondere dipjes, zowel qua grootte als qua timing. Tussen dag 788 en 795 van de Kepler-missie nam de helderheid van de ster met 15 procent af. Tussen dag 1510 en 1570 nam de helderheid zelfs met 22 procent af. Astronomen weten nog steeds niet hoe dit komt, maar hopen dat dankzij crowdfunding het mysterie wordt opgelost.
Multiple UFOs reported 20 feet over Pennsylvania homes
Multiple UFOs reported 20 feet over Pennsylvania homes
A Pennsylvania witness at Fairless Hills reported watching four triangle-shaped UFOs silently moving just 20 feet over neighboring homes followed by 20 to 30 star-like objects crossing the sky, according to testimony in Case 80797 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database.
The sighting began about 8:20 p.m. on November 4, 2016, when the witness took his two children out for a walk in search of Pokémon hotspots.
“It was a crisp fall night, and for a night sky, the sky was bright and full of stars with no clouds or precipitation,” the witness stated. “At approximately 8:20 p.m. we turned and began walking up a street with a slight incline, and my youngest child stopped to catch a Pokémon and had lagged behind. I noticed he was no longer with us and I turned around to call to him to catch up, and right behind him were two huge, black, triangular craft, larger than the houses they were above, flying slowly and approximately 20 feet above the one story houses across the street, and approximately 20 feet away.”
The witness immediately spotted a second craft.
“The second craft was flying at the same height as the first craft, immediately behind it. The two craft were black with three unwavering bright white lights at the three corners of the triangles, with a solid bright primary, red light in the center of the craft. The craft were completely silent; they were almost on top of us and we never would have known they were there if I did not happen to look behind us. The two craft came from a western direction and were heading east.”
Witness illustration.
(Credit: MUFON)
The objects then changed direction.
“We observed the craft silently shift direction southeast before disappearing behind trees and we lost visual contact with the craft. We continued walking up the road away from the craft headed north, heading home, for approximately 10 seconds, when I looked behind again to where we had sighted the craft. Two more triangular craft were flying in the exact same direction in the exact location where the first two craft were sighted, and they turned and headed southeast in exactly the same spot that the other two craft had turned. It was as if we witnessed deja vu; as if we viewed the event again, but this time at a slightly different angle, as we were slightly farther away from the craft the second time around.”
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 1.
(Credit: MUFON)
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 2.
(Credit: MUFON)
The witness then returned to the original location.
“We walked back down to the location where we spotted and observed the first craft, this time from a farther distance away, as the craft were heading away from us. And at this point my eldest son managed to snap two photographs of these second two craft with his phone.”
The witness then observed a large group of star-like objects.
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 1.
(Credit: MUFON)
Cropped and enlarged version of witness image 2.
(Credit: MUFON)
“We turned east and onto my road, when we looked up into the sky and witnessed a patch of sky with between 20 and 30 balls of light, exact number unable to be determined, that looked like stars, except that they were moving. Some of the lights were moving very slowly, almost imperceptibly, but other craft were moving so quick that they would leave a light trail behind them, as they shifted position. The lights were different colors, from red to bluish-white to orange to bright white. We walked towards this activity in the sky, however, these lights were high up – like stars – and to the east of our location. Our vision would occasionally be obstructed as we walked on our street due to street lamps, but the activity continued unabated as we reached our house. We ran inside and I asked my wife to come out and check out what was happening in the sky. Approximately three minutes later, just after 8:30 p.m., we walked back outside and there was nothing in the sky where we had just observed the lights; not even observable stars.”
Fairless Hills is in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, population 8,466. Pennsylvania MUFON State Section Director Donna Luther is investigating. Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made. The above quotes were edited for clarity. Please report UFO activity to MUFON.com.
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UFO Found In Taurus Constellation That Is 10X Earths Size. Dec 2016, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Found In Taurus Constellation That Is 10X Earths Size. Dec 2016, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: Dec 20, 2016 Location of discovery: Between 3 Tau and 2 Tau, Taurus Constellation Google sky coordinates: 17.780023° -113.666547° This long cigar UFO is in the Taurus constellation. Its huge, and its moving through space. Space station or space base, its out there. Its gigantic in terms of size. If we lined up Earth side by side, we would have about ten Earths long. There are some very big things out there, and to construct such things aliens must have taken thousand of our years or more to make them. But, if your technology never lets you die, if you live forever, then...you have all the time in the universe. Anyways, aliens wouldn't make them, they would tell their construction robots to make more robots, when the crew grows to say...a ten thousand, these robots begin working on construction of the craft. Materials can be either recycled from old abandoned craft or mined. Remember, you are not doing the work, its being done by drone robots, working 24/7 never resting, never taking breaks or using the bathroom to play on their phones, or demanding more money when they can't do half the job of the guy next to them. They are the perfect work force. One that Earth will one day have. Scott C. Waring
Are mysterious triangle UFOs REAL? Sightings of huge silent TR-3B craft keep happening
Are mysterious triangle UFOs REAL? Sightings of huge silent TR-3B craft keep happening
EXCLUSIVE: SIGHTINGS of strange triangular UFOs keep being reported, leading to claims aliens could actually be visiting Earth in the mysterious crafts.
Many reports tell of a silent triangle shape, defined by a series of lights, that are said to be in some cases as big as a football field, moving slowly across the sky.
The most infamous mass triangle UFO sighting was the Phoenix Lights incident of March 13 1997 over Arizona.
Five lights were seen in a formation by thousands of people over three hours from 7.30pm to 10.30pm.
The sightings took place a cross a 300-mile area from Phoenix to Tucson.
It was blamed by officials as military flares at the time.
Another mysterious case was the Belgian UFO wave from November 1989.
YouTube*Secureteam
A CGI image of the alleged TR-3B spy craft.
Thirty different groups of witnesses, and three groups of police officers, reported seeing on November 29 a large object flying at low altitude.
The craft was described as "flat, of triangular shape, with lights underneath", and being silent as it slowly moved across Belgium towards the Netherlands and Germany.
Some alien hunters believe they are the motherships of extraterrestrials visiting Earth.
However, many conspiracy theorists believe they are actually secret aircrafts developed by the US Air Force (USAF) which are being tested.
The TR-3B is alleged by conspiracy theorists to be a secret "black project" spy craft of the US Government that can be flown into space.
The allegations are that these crafts are created at top-secret military bases like Area 51 in Nevada, by reverse engineering alien technology.
Last month Express.co.uk reported on an alleged TR-3B sighting and video that was reported to MUFON after a couple visited close to the mysterious Area 51 USAF base in the Nevada desert, where conspiracy theorists claim UFO technology is experimented on away from public view.
Scott C Waring, editor of ufosightingsdaily.com, later blogged about the sighting.
He wrote: “The video shows a TR-3B-type craft that is not fully powered up. “When a TR-3B craft is powered, the centre orb will glow the brightest, but here the centre orb is there, but dark.
“If this is a TR3B, then its has a higher chance of being a new pilot from the USAF learning to handle the alien technology craft at night so the public doesn't see it flying about, but since it lights up like a christmas tree at night...that is actually a foolish assumption.”
MUFON received another report from a witness on December 13, about an alleged sighting at 5am on November 25 above Little Mountain in South Carolina.
The report said: “Planes don't fly at 4.45 to 5am and no planes are triangle shaped.
“It was hard to see the ship but I saw the outline because of the green lights in the shape of a triangle. It moved without a sound.”
A couple reported seeing one on December 10 at 4.44am over Windsor, Maine.
The report said: “It was large and shaped like a carpenters framing square, triangle shaped, with at least six red lights, and a weird turquoise light that went off at its point.
“It was silent. It made my wife and I sick to our stomachs to see.
“It wasn’t your normal plane it was huge and close enough to make out.”
The reports have kept coming, with another made on December 8, at 8.15pm above Virginia.
This object was moving so slowly, a normal plane could not stay up in the sky given the speed of this object. No sounds.
Report to MUFON
The witness said: “I drove right under it near the reservoir on 17.
“Black triangle. It hovered then flew slowly away, no noise. Red and blue lights pulsating.”
Another was seen on December 5 at 8.30pm above Bay Village, Ohio.
The report said: “I thought it was a very very large plane moving extremely slow across the southwest sky.
“It had blinking lights, yellow, golden in colour, and looked to be the shape of a triangle.
“The lights were three to four spaced on either side.
“This object was moving so slowly, a normal plane could not stay up in the sky given the speed of this object. No sounds.”
US-based MUFON is the biggest organisation in the world dedicated to UFO and alien research.
MUFON
A MUFON CGI image of a sighting reported in 2010.
Its chief investigator for Ohio, Ron McGlone, is investigating another local sighting, with an image, from November 29, which was close to the Wright Patterson Air Force Base.
Conspiracy theorists claim this base is a centre for the TR-3B and other experimental crafts because it houses the Air Force Research Laboratory.
The witness from Springfield, also in Ohio, reported a close encounter with a “gigantic, triangular UFO,” according to their testimony.
They were driving along Highway 2-75 approaching Columbus when “lights in the sky” were seen at 10pm.
They said: “Now it was huge, and no longer looked like an airplane because of its massive size and obvious triangular shape.
MUFON
MUFON is investigating this triangle UFO footage from Ohio, seen here as filmed and in close up.
“And I’m thinking, ‘maybe it’s a plane crashing,’ because we were also near the Wright Patterson Air Force Base and I start hyperventilating and just absolutely freak out and thinking
I was going to die.”
He described it as a “blackish grey base with red lights somewhere on it and on the three corners there were three white lights.”
Although MUFON investigates the bizarre triangle sightings, it still urges caution.
Roger Marsh, MUFON director of communications, said: “Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made.”
But he urged for any UFO sightings to be made to the group.
Scott Brando runs website ufoofinterest.org which exposes hoax UFO sightings.
He is sceptical any unexplainable sightings have been made.
He says the Phoenix Lights Incident was explained as aircraft and military flares.
He told Express.co.uk: “The Phoenix lights were explained with two different events. The first was the flight of five planes in V-shape formation.
"This is what the witness saw in that day.
"The second event was the launch of military flares over Estrella mountains."
He said of the Belgian UFO Wave: "The Belgian UFO wave began as a normal sighting (some lights in the sky) and then spread virally, but it took more time because at that time the
media coverage had no internet like now."
Referring to triangle UFOs generally, he added: “About other similar sightings I'd like to see some reports by MUFON, however many formation of sky lanterns or the launch of skydivers
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The Largest Ever Digital Survey of the Universe Just Mapped Billions of Stars
The Largest Ever Digital Survey of the Universe Just Mapped Billions of Stars
Rob Ratkowski
IN BRIEF
The four year long survey of the stars has culminated in the largest map of space to ever have been created, totaling 2 petabytes of data.
The more we learn about space and the origins of other celestial bodies, the more we can learn about how our planet was formed and possibly get answers to many of the mysteries still left in the universe.
PAN-STARRS PROJECT
The Earth is but one among the many celestial bodies floating in space. We know there’s a lot more out there, stars, galaxies, planets, asteroids and we can see some of them in the night sky. Using visible and infrared light the Panoramic Survey Telescope & Rapid Response System observatory (Pan-STARRS) created a digital map, which it released this week. It’s the world’s largest digital survey to date.
Pan-STARRS is a 1.8-meter telescope located at the summit of Haleakalā, on Maui. It’s a consortium composed of astronomers and engineers from 14 institutions from six countries, including the University of Hawaii, and the Max Planck Institutes for Astronomy (MPIA) in Heidelberg and for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching.
Credits: Danny Farrow, Pan-STARRS1 Science Consortium and Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
LOOK TO THE STARS
Their sky map (or the Pan-STARRS1 survey) data covers 3 billion sources of visible and infrared light, including galaxies, stars, and other objects. The collected data totals 2 petabytes, enough to fill 40 million four-drawer filing cabinets full of single-spaced pages of text. Pan-STARRS collected all the data in a period of four years, where it observed the sky rapidly and repeatedly, scanning it 12 times using five different filters. Pan-STARRS is making all of this data available for the astrophysics community to study.
“The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys allow anyone to access millions of images and use the database and catalogs containing precision measurements of billions of stars and galaxies,” explained Ken Chambers, Director of the Pan-STARRS Observatories. “With this release we anticipate that scientists – as well as students and even casual users – around the world will make many new discoveries about the universe from the wealth of data collected by Pan-STARRS.”
Furthermore, this survey covers Earth’s cosmological neighbors and even astronomical objects farther beyond. “Pan-STARRS has made discoveries from Near Earth Objects and Kuiper Belt Objects in the Solar System to lonely planets between the stars; it has mapped the dust in three dimensions in our galaxy and found new streams of stars; and it has found new kinds of exploding stars and distant quasars in the early universe,” Chambers added.
According to Hans-Walter Rix, director of the Galaxies and Cosmology department of MPIA:
Pan-STARRS1 mapped our home galaxy, the Milky Way, to a level of detail never achieved before. The survey provides, for the first time, a deep and global view of a significant fraction of the Milky Way plane and disk—an area usually avoided by surveys given the complexity of mapping these dense and dusty regions. And Pan-STARRS1 goes far beyond that: its unique combination of imaging depth, area and colors allowed it to discover the majority of the most distant known quasars: these are the earliest examples in our universe that giant black holes had grown at the centers of galaxies.
Such an unprecedented achievement is going to have a long lasting impact on the study of our universe. This data alone will allow astronomers a clearer view of the geometry of the universe than ever before possible. Technology is allowing for the acceleration of space discovery and its continued development will help us answer the deepest mysteries of space.
For centuries, humans have wondered whether Earth is unique in the universe, or if similar planets exist out there. Even a decade ago, we still did not know — but then NASA's Kepler Space Telescope made discoveries that changed everything.
Thanks to that important mission, the answer became clear: other planets like ours are out in the cosmos. We just haven't seen one with our own eyes yet.
Since its 2009 launch, Kepler has discovered more than 2,000 confirmed exoplanets and has given us a huge amount of information about their orbits and sizes. The planets found range greatly in their masses, composition and orbital distances: for instance, enormous gas giants orbiting incredibly close to their stars, called hot Jupiters; planets that orbit two stars, called circumbinary planets; and rocky planets with the potential to be like Earth. [In Mission To Find Another Earth, Project Blue Hopes To Inspire (Video)]
The planets considered Earth-like are rocky on their surface and about 0.5 to 1.5 times the size of Earth. They also land in the "habitable zone" of their orbiting stars, meaning they fall in the sweet spot of orbital distance — not too close and not too far away — and therefore have the potential to be able to support liquid water on their surfaces. The ability to support water is huge, as it means the planet could have the potential to support life.
Kepler showed us these planets are common in the universe. In fact, we now know there are more potentially habitable planets in our galaxy alone than there are people alive on Earth. One out of every two sun-like stars you see in the night sky has a rocky, Earth-like planet in its habitable zone.
Depiction of NASA's Kepler mission's smallest habitable zone planet: Kepler-62f.
Credit: NASA Ames/JPL-Caltech/Tim Pyle
Earlier this year, one potentially habitable planet made news when scientists discovered it orbiting the nearby red dwarf star Proxima Centauri. That planet, called Proxima b, which has similarities to Earth that include orbiting in the habitable zone of its star, so the potential to support water, and a size about 1.3 times that of Earth.
Artist's conception of the surface of Proxima Centauri b (Proxima b, for short).
Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
We now know these planets exist, but we have yet to see them. To know more about a planet's Earth-like properties, such as whether it hosts water or oxygen, further specific detection methods are needed. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, the technology now exists to capture a direct image of an Earth-like planet outside our solar system. That's what we aim to do at Project Blue.
Our mission is to capture an image, visible to the human eye, of one of these worlds. Proxima b is an unlikely candidate, as it orbits so close to its small, dim star that it would be extremely difficult to image with a telescope. Project Blue is therefore targeting our best chance at success: our stellar neighbor Alpha Centauri.
Our goal is to see a "pale blue dot" that could indicate the presence of oceans or an atmosphere — and the potential to support life. Since Alpha Centauri is a binary system, it doubles our chances, and the probability that we'll find at least one potentially habitable planet is around 85 percent.
Capturing the first image of a planet like ours and seeing it with our eyes will help us begin to characterize its properties and spark a movement to quickly further research. The photograph of Earth 2.0 would be a defining moment in human history and is sure to transform how we see ourselves in the universe.
'Brightest Supernova Ever' Was Actually Monster Black Hole's Violent Star Slashing
'Brightest Supernova Ever' Was Actually Monster Black Hole's Violent Star Slashing
By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor
An incredibly luminous outburst that astronomers had previously classified as possibly the brightest supernova ever actually might have been caused by the explosive death ofa star torn apart by a giant black hole, a new study finds.
Supernovas are explosions that can happen when stars die, either after running out of fuel or gaining a sudden influx of new material. These outbursts can briefly outshine all of the other stars in their galaxies.
In January, astronomers analyzing data from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) reported discovering an outburst more than twice as bright as any known supernova. The explosion, named ASASSN-15lh, happened about 3.8 billion light-years from Earth, in the sky at the border of the southern constellations Indus and Tucana, and gave off about 570 billion times more light than the sun does at its peak.
This artist's illustration depicts a sun-like star being "spaghettified" by a supermassive black hole, which has the massive 100 million times that of Earth's sun. A new study found that this death by black hole was the fate of the ultra-bright supernova ASASSN-15lh.
Credit: ESA/Hubble, ESO, M. Kornmesser
Initially, scientists classified ASASSN-15lh as a superluminous supernova — indeed, the most luminous seen yet. However, researchers now think this explosion may actually have been the death throes of a star ripped apart by a supermassive black hole up to billions of times the mass of the sun.
A number of factors suggested that ASASSN-15lh was not a superluminous supernova. For instance, it occurred in a large, reddish galaxy, "a location where we should not find superluminous supernovae," said lead study author Giorgos Leloudas, an astrophysicist at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, and the Dark Cosmology Centre in Denmark. This kind of galaxy lacks the young massive stars that previous research suggested give rise to superluminous supernovas, he said.
Moreover, after gazing at ASASSN-15lh for 10 months of follow-up observations, Leloudas and his colleagues suggest that the way the explosion evolved over time "is not consistent with an expanding ball of gas," Leloudas told Space.com. Instead of cooling down over time as supernovas are supposed to do, "this object, after 100 days, started warming up again, and stayed hot at a constant and very high temperature for a long time, and it continues to do so," he said.
An artist's illustration of a spinning supermassive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk containing the remains of a star shredded by extreme gravitational tidal forces.
Credit: ESA/Hubble, ESO, M. Kornmesser
Instead, the researchers suggest that ASASSN-15lh may have been caused by a star disintegrating under the gravitational pull of a black hole — a so-called tidal disruption event. The composition of the elements seen in the explosion are more consistent with a tidal disruption event of a low-mass star than with a superluminous supernova, Leloudas said.
In addition, using images from the Hubble Space Telescope, Leloudas and his colleagues found that ASASSN-15lh occurred at the center of its galaxy. Previous research found that supermassive black holes reside in the center of virtually all known large galaxies. The researchers suggest that the supermassive black hole that may have caused this explosive outburst ranged from 200 million to 3 billion times the sun's mass.
Prior work found that the supermassive black hole at the center of ASASSN-15lh's galaxy was so big that it would have swallowed a star whole instead of ripping it apart. Using new models, Leloudas and his colleagues have discovered that a rapidly whirling supermassive black hole could rend a star to pieces instead of gulping it down whole.
Only about 10 tidal disruption events have been discovered, the researchers said. This new finding may demonstrate that "tidal disruption events show a much larger diversity than what we knew before, and that they can reach extreme luminosities," Leloudas said.
Leloudas cautioned that they cannot say with complete certainty that ASASSN-15lh was a tidal disruption event, and that they cannot explain every detail of what they observed. Still, "this is how science advances — now, more clever people can look at the data we publish and come up with theories that can explain the missing pieces," he said.
Are Mars' Dark Streaks Really Evidence of Liquid Water?
Are Mars' Dark Streaks Really Evidence of Liquid Water?
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
Dark streaks called recurring slope lineae (RSL) emanate from the walls of Mars’ Garni Crater in this image by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. These RSL are up to a few hundred meters in length.
Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
SAN FRANCISCO— The intriguing story of Mars' mysterious dark streaks may have a new twist.
The streaks, known as recurring slope lineae (RSL), occur seasonally on steep, relatively warm slopes at many locations on the Red Planet. They were discovered in 2011 by scientists studying images captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
Many researchers initially speculated that RSL may be signs of liquid water at or near the Martian surface, and this hypothesis got a big boost last year when a study reported that MRO had detected hydrated salts within the streaks. [Liquid Water on Mars: The Discovery in Pictures]
The hydrated-salts discovery generated a lot of excitement, because it suggested that some places on the otherwise dry Red Planet's surface may be capable of supporting life as we know it today. The presence of available liquid water — even salty water, as the stuff within the RSLs would likely be — could also aid efforts to send astronauts to Mars, NASA officials have said.
But it may be prudent to rein in that excitement a bit, according to a new study. Hydrated salts are crystalline solids, and it's possible that the water the RSL salts contain comes from the Martian atmosphere rather than liquid water at or near the surface, said Raina Gough, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder.
Gough and her colleague, Margaret Tolbert, also of UC Boulder, performed lab experiments to test this idea. They exposed various anhydrous (dry) salts to Mars-like atmospheric conditions and found that some of them — calcium perchlorate and calcium chloride — did indeed become hydrated. (The RSL salts on Mars appear to be perchlorates of some kind, the researchers who spotted them wrote in their 2015 study.)
These results, which Gough presented Tuesday (Dec. 13) here at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU), don't prove anything; it's still very possible that liquid water is involved in the formation of the hydrated salts within the RSL across Mars, Gough stressed. But that exciting scenario shouldn't be taken as a given, she added.
"Hydrated salts are not always evidence of liquid water," Gough told Space.com at the AGU meeting.
Future lab work should attempt to determine which salts cannot be hydrated via atmospheric water alone, Gough and Tolbert wrote in the new study. Such salts, if identified on Mars, would provide very strong evidence for the presence of liquid water, they added.
I'm very excited about seeing Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which tells the tale summarized in the original Star Wars' opening crawl. This is the story of how the rebels stole the plans to the original "Death Star" – a space station the size of a small moon with a weapon powerful enough to destroy a planet.
If we could get our hands on those plans, could we build a similar fortress? I decided to try to work out some aspects of how a Death Star might actually work. In Star Wars lore, the 120 km (75-mile) diameter space station was made from quadanium steel (a fictional metal alloy) and crewed by 2m Imperial personnel, including officers, Stormtroopers and TIE pilots.
So would it possible in the real world? Let's not worry about the vast quantities of raw materials required. For example, at current production rates of steel it would take 182 times the current age of the universe to accrue enough. I'm more concerned conceptually with how to power such a colossal battle station and how to generate gravity for everyone on board. It turns out our conventional technologies might not cut it.
The International Space Station requires about 0.75 W of power for every m³ of the space station. These are provided by eight solar arrays, 112 feet (34m) long by 39 feet (12m) wide. Even if we had 100% efficient solar panels covering the much larger Death Star, we'd still be a factor of 45 times short of the ISS's power requirements per unit volume. Not to mention that power would severely diminish if we took the space station further away from the sun.
You might think we could learn lessons from the sci-fi classic 2001 A Space Odyssey in terms of the gravity and just spin the Death Star to create artificial gravity via centrifugal forces. To replicate the gravity on Earth (9.81 metres per second squared or 1 g), the station would only need to revolve once every 3.5 minutes, which doesn't sound too absurd.
But there was a reason the station was ring-shaped in 2001. The centrifugal force is proportional to the radius of your circular path. As you travel either towards the centre of the station or towards the poles, this radius decreases meaning the artificial gravity would start to vanish. If indeed gravity was created this way, it calls into question the Death Star's spherical design.
Dyson sphere
Perhaps the clue was in the name the whole time. What if at the heart of the Death Star is an artificial star? Surely that would solve the gravity problem? This makes the station something of a Dyson sphere, the sort of technological megastructure physicist Freeman Dyson imagined advanced civilisations might be able to build to harness all the energy from their stars. However, Dyson spheres of the rigid shell variety usually run into problems from being under immense stresses due to the gravitational forces. Even if the sphere isn't ripped apart by this, just a small push certainly would be enough to send the structure crashing into its star.
But Dyson spheres are usually imagined to be the size of the Earth's orbit around the sun. For a much smaller Death Star, most of the problems with the Dyson sphere go away. The 13.2 km diameter reactor core would only require a mass 370 times less than our moon's. It turns out while steel and titanium would just about fail under these conditions, the wonder material graphene, for example, could easily withstand the gravitational forces involved.
And we wouldn't actually need a real star at the centre of the station – the future technology of nuclear fusion could easily provide enough power. While at the moment we tend to put more energy in than we get out in our fusion experiments, many plasma physicists think the key is going bigger and hope that the ITER experiment, which will be one-third of the volume of an Olympic swimming pool, will turn the tide in this regard. If successful, we could expect power from our Death Star up to two million times that consumed by the entire human race.
But there are still problems. The pressures involved inside our Death Star reactor would be immense. The artificial star's own gravity would not be enough to contain the fusion plasma, so we would need something extra. As we've learned from thinking about lightsabers, magnetic fields could provide the solution. The only snag is that we'd need some of the strongest magnetic fields in the universe – a million times greater than we've ever created on Earth and comparable to those of magnetars – a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field.
Back to the drawing board it seems, unless I can get my hands on those plans …
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.