Glowing UFO Comes Out Of Side Of Colima Volcano And Shoots Away On Live Internet Cam! March 12, 2018, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: March 12, 2018

Location of sighting: Colima Volcano, Mexico

Source: Live Internet Cam

I have been watching Colima live cam for over 5 years and have recorded over 40 UFOs myself, but this one really takes the cake. Youtube user Tenshi Mex saw and recorded this UFO. 

The UFO appears from below the ground through a hidden passage in the lower center of the volcano. The UFO hovers for a little bit as it exits the side of the volcano, then gets its engines or what ever propulsion set up and prepared, making a hard 180 degree turn flying over and past the mouth of the volcano! 

This is hard evidence and needs to be acnowledged by the governments of the world. Colima is clearly a UFO hotspot with an alien base 4-5km below its surface. How do I know? I have said that for over 5 years! This UFO came from within the volcano, the evidence is undeniable. 

Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

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15-03-2018 om 17:07 geschreven door peter  

Angelic Winged Sun Seen During Sunset In Florida, Video, March 2018, UFO Sighting News.

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15-03-2018 om 17:02 geschreven door peter  

ANCIENT ALIENS, SUPERHEROES, AND THE DECLINE IN RELIGIOUS BELIEF

Co-author: Abby Moore (superhero theorist). Are myths of ancient astronauts filling the voids left behind in the exodus from the myths of religion? Perhaps the popularity of the Ancient Aliens television series parallels the decline of traditional religious belief in 21st-century America. After all, twice as many Americans believe in ancient aliens visiting humans on Earth (35%) than believe in the pure evolution of human life on Earth (19%). Maybe TV shows about ancient aliens and Hollywood movies about superheroes provide the big cosmic narratives that once belonged almost solely to theology. Think about it: ancient aliens and superheroes both have superpowers once reserved for Gods, prophets, and miracle makers.

For the record, I am an existentialist without the angst, influenced by Sartre, Sagan, and others. In a vast and ancient universe of two trillion galaxies and three sextillion stars stretching across 100 billion light years, I am not a cosmic narcissist who believes a Creator has a special plan for me or my species on a speck of a planet in a remote part of one galaxy. Yet, the cosmic vastness gives me hope that— to quote the astronaut Taylor (Charlton Heston) in Planet of the Apes (1968)— there has “to be something better than man. Has to be.” As explained in my most read essay in Medium, these better-than-human extratrerrestrials have never visited Earth (though I wish they would). Instead, we are witnessing the electronic birth of a new religion based in the myths and imaginary legends of extraterrestrial reality-TV stars—the “ancient aliens” who star in every episode, but have yet to appear.

21st Century Non-Belief

Much has been written about the decline of religious belief in 21st-century America, as documented in various surveys by the Pew Research Center. Americans who have no religious belief and/or no religious affiliation rose to 22.8% in 2014, up from 2% in the 1950s. While religious writers blamed the decline on the usual suspects (the breakdown of society, the decay of traditional values, and so on), the atheists and humanists tweeted their cheers of hope, apparently overlooking the possibility that a decline in traditional religious belief does not automatically equate to a rise in reason, science, and enlightenment. Given the increasing paranormalism in America, it could be the opposite. Make no mistake, something will fill the void.

According to the United States Census, the current US population is an estimated 327 million people. If indeed 22.8% of Americans are non-believers, that total equals about 75 million people. Age is definitely a factor in non-belief. Over 33% of millennials claim no religious belief, while GenX non-believers are at 23%, Baby Boomers are 17%, and those born before 1945 are 11%.

TABLE 1. Source: Pew Research Center website (2014); accessed November 11, 2017.

According to Pew, about 50% of the unaffiliated are disenchanted with religion or don’t need religion because of their beliefs in “science” and the lack of evidence for a Creator. Another 20% have a beef against organized religion, while 18% are unsure of their beliefs and 10% are inactive.

What’s most interesting to me is not the increase in atheists and agnostics, but the 15.8% who believe “nothing in particular.” 15.8% equals just over 50 million people. Since I doubt all of these people are nihilists, I wonder what they believe about the origins and destiny of the human species.

Are they merely disinterested in religion? Have they outgrown religion, with no need to replace it with any other worldview or cosmology? Do they believe in evolution or that the observable universe is indeed 13.7 billion years old and contains two trillion galaxies? Do they believe in human-caused climate disruption or the Anthropocene? Do they believe we got here via the advice and interventions of ancient aliens? Or do mobile phones, cool threads, hipster restaurants, and Netflix subscriptions provide the needed daily dope—such that they do not need a cosmology for themselves or for our species?

GRAPH 1. Beginning in the late 1960s, we can see the post-Apollo rise of the nones. Source: Gallup and National Public Radio, 2013.

The Apollo Effect

According to Gallup surveys and National Public Radio, the “nones” stayed below 5% until the Apollo program in the late 1960s. The rise of the nones began with the launch of rockets to the moon and continued long after the Apollo program was shut down. For readers who might not know, Apollo 8 orbited the moon in 1968 and took the famed Earthrise image, with Apollo 11 landing on the moon in 1969 and Apollo 17 marking the last journey to the moon in 1972.

GRAPH 2. The post-1990 rise of the internet and rise of nones. Source: MIT Technology Review (“How the Internet is Taking Away America’s Religion,” April 4, 2014) and Allen Downey (“ “Religious Affiliation, Education, and Internet Use,” March 21, 2014).

The Internet Effect

According to computer scientist Allen Downey, the rise of the internet correlates with the rise of non-belief from 1990 to 2010. During that period, the increase in non-believers jumped from 8% to 18% of Americans. In a study of four decades of survey data trends regarding demographics, socioeconomics, religious affiliation, and internet usage, Downey concluded that:

• Religious upbringing increases the chance of religious affiliation as an adult. Decreases in religious upbringing between the 1980s and 2000s account for about 25% of the observed decrease in affiliation.

• College education decreases the chance of religious affiliation. Increases in college graduation between the 1980s and 2000s account for about 5% of the observed decrease in affiliation.

• Internet use decreases the chance of religious affiliation. Increases in Internet use since 1990, from 0 to nearly 80% of the general population, account for about 20% of the observed decrease in affiliation.

Please keep in mind that “correlation” does not equal “causation.” Correlations show patterns that we must connect to other knowledge, evidence, and observations.

What Accounts for the Other 45%?

Given there are 75 million non-believers, what other trends might account for the startling growth in numbers? If we follow Downey’s study and assume upbringing, education, and the internet can account for 55% of the increase, what else accounts for the other 45% (33.7 million people)?

Is it the growth of the scientific outlook? That’s possible, given that only 9% of Americans believed in pure evolution in 1982 and the total has more than doubled to 19% in 2014 (according to Gallup). However, it is likely a good chunk of that 19% is accounted for in the 55% of Downey’s study?

Could the increases be attributed to the various “New Atheist” books published in the past few years? Recent works include: Sam Harris’ The End of Faith (2004), Susan Jacoby’s Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism (2004), Richard Dawkins’ The God Delusion (2006), Daniel Dennett’s Breaking the Spell (2006), Christopher Hitchens’ God is Not Great (2007), and Victor Stenger’s God: the Failed Hypothesis (2007). These books might have had marginal influence on creating more non-believers, but my guess is that most of the readers of these books were already atheists. Plus, the sales of these books are dwarfed by the audience size of Ancient Aliens.

As dramatized in 2001: A Space Odyssey, the monolith was the indisputable artifact left on Earth by advanced extraterrestrials. Ancient Aliens hijacked this concept and dumbed it down to the lowest possible level, while filling the intellectual void left by the death of philosophy long divorced from cosmology.

The Rise of Ancient Alien Theory: Hijacking the 2001 and Apollo Narratives

Published at the pinnacle of the space age in 1968, Erich von Daniken’s Chariots of the Gods? hijacked the space narrative from Apollo and Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey. 2001 appeared in 1968, along with Planet of the Apes, Apollo 8 (the first journey to the moon), and Chariots of the Gods?. Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969 as von Daniken’s book was becoming popular around the world. Chariots of the Gods? did what few other works tried (outside of a few episodes of the original Star Trek): it connected human destiny on Earth to the stars we were beginning to explore with the Apollo program. As I wrote in my previous essay about ancient-alien theory:

“The ancient-astronaut theory draws upon two valid cosmological concepts: 1) the reality of the immensity of space and time; and 2) the possibility of advanced civilizations somewhere in the cosmos. Given that the scale of the observable universe is immense and that NASA’s Kepler telescope suggests there may be billions of planets in the Milky Way, there is almost certainly life elsewhere in the cosmos, perhaps including intelligent civilizations.”

“Given that the observable universe is 13.7 billion years old and it took 4 billion years for intelligent life to emerge on Earth, then it is possible the remaining 9 billion years produced civilizations that may have existed for millions or billions of years. If so, they may have developed space travel technologies that allow them to traverse the great distances with relative ease…Such a possibility is one reason why 2001 offers such a compelling vision of human origins and destinies. After all, it would be an epochal moment to find a black monolith somewhere on Earth or the moon, beaming out a radio signal to an alert and curious species.”

Such a possibility is attractive, at least in theory. If ancient aliens have visited our planet, they would have possessed highly advanced sciences and technologies. They would have been viewed as gods, angels, and miracle makers by premodern humans, who would have looked upon the beings and technologies with awe, wonder, and fear.

A 1970s-style Captain Kirk got in on the ancient alien narrative, too.

Since Chariots of the Gods? was a huge best-seller, it was made into a documentary film, Chariots of the Gods (1970). Creator of The Twilight Zone, Rod Serling even narrated a one-hour TV version called In Search of Ancient Astronauts (1973). A copycat version of the film, Mysteries of the Gods, was released in 1976—hosted by none other than William Shatner, a.k.a. Captain Kirk, looking rather hip in a green turtleneck and black velour blazer, while sporting a 1970s-style toupée. With films and TV shows as publicity, Chariots of the Gods? sold over 40 million copies during the 1970s.

Without a doubt, 2001, Planet of the Apes, and von Daniken’s book and films were trying to account for human origins and destiny at the pinnacle of the space age and the Apollo program. When I first encountered Chariots of the Gods? as a boy in the suburbs of Texas in the 1970s, it seemed like a plausible counter-narrative to the self-righteous evangelicals in my school and neighborhood. As explained here, I eventually began to question the validity of the assertions and realized the ancient-alien theory was bogus pseudoscience. To be frank, I was kinda bummed out. But, logic and evidence mattered more to me. Still do.

Of course, there were mainstream media efforts to debunk Chariots of the Gods? These included a 1976 Skeptical Inquirer article, a book entitled The Space Gods Revealed that featured a forward by Carl Sagan, and a BBC-PBS production of Nova (the episode “The Case of the Ancient Astronauts”). Nevertheless, the book’s pseudoscientific ideas continued to circulate around the world in the decades that featured the rise of non-belief in the wake of Apollo. Given that Chariots of the Gods? sold 40 million copies, can we assume it had zero impact on traditional religious beliefs?

In 2009, a two-part episode of Ancient Aliens appeared on the History Channel. So popular was the show that the History Channel programmed the Ancient Alien series, which began in 2010 and is still running every season—134 episodes and counting! As point of comparison for the atheist programs, Neil deGrasse Tyson’s 2014 Cosmos reboot only had 13 episodes and seems to appear on TV far less often than Ancient Aliens. I have seen both series listed in Netflix. Why would Ancient Aliens far outstrip Cosmos if the issue was merely a scientific outlook?

The prime-time episodes of Ancient Aliens draw well over one million viewers, plus there are endless repeats during days and evenings. These audiences are far larger than anything on the Science Channel. Who knows how many millions of viewers have seen the various episodes of Ancient Aliens? Among the 45% and 33 million non-believers unaccounted for in Downey’s study, how many millions might be fans of Ancient Aliens? I don’t know but it is a question worth considering. I bet the total is far from zero. After all, recent surveys show that 35% of Americans believe aliens have visited Earth in the ancient past (see the Chapman surveys below).

Still going strong almost 50 years after Chariots of the Gods?.

The Ancient Aliens series features fanciful storytelling, with many scenes shot at the various remote sites where “evidence” of ancient aliens supposedly exists. Still, it’s all pseudoscientific nonsense—simply because there are no proven artifacts of extraterrestrial origin. There is no academic conspiracy against the ancient-alien theorists as implied in the narration and comments of the talking heads. What’s needed is proven evidence, as cleverly suggested by the monolith in 2001. But we haven’t discovered a monolith or the “chariots.” I wish we had.

In Chariots of the Gods?, Mysteries of the Gods, and Ancient Aliens, virtually all of the so-called evidence and arguments provided by the theorists are myth, superstition, hearsay, anecdotal, or involve an inference or conclusion that is fallacious, implausible, or unknowable. The “evidence” and arguments also contain inaccuracies, mistaken assumptions, unrelated facts, and false similarities. The few remaining pieces of “evidence” — which are a tiny fragment of the absurd claims — are simply mysteries yet to be solved or mysteries that will never be solved. One might say this is also a key point in the cultural emergence of “alternative facts.”

Ancient Aliens: A New Cosmic Religion

But the pseudoscience, endless fallacies, and alternative facts have not prevented the multi-season programming of the television series. Even if the History Channel decided against renewing the series, it would run for decades in syndication and for eternity online, at least until real extraterrestrials arrived or we finishing wrecking the planet.

According to Chapman University, the belief in ancient aliens is growing rapidly: from 20% in 2015 to 35% in 2017.

Chariots of the Gods? and Ancient Aliens have given birth to new cosmic religion narrative, with von Daniken as the great prophet and his followers serving as the scribes—Giorgio Tsoukalos, Graham Hancock, David Childress, and others. Like God and his prophets, the unseen aliens have superpowers and have shaped our past and perhaps our destiny, especially if they return. The ancient alien narrative is like the standard Creator narratives, in that it assumes most everything humans have done follows from pre-ordained grand plans, with mysterious or hidden purposes, effected by an all-powerful force from the sky, a force that has yet to return to prove it exists. Like the Creator narrative, we humans must have been special beneficiaries. After all, the ancient aliens have taken the time to visit our tiny planet, thus caring enough to allegedly build stone structures, design ancient batteries, create cool statuettes, and paint pictographs before cruising to the next galaxy or star system.

Despite (or because of) the pseudoscience, the ancient alien theorists are doing a far better job of connecting humanity to the cosmos than Hollywood filmmakers and contemporary philosophers. The ancient-alien theorists have a fervant audience of followers who feel the theory connects our origins and destinies to the stars. Meanwhile, Hollywood merely sends us into space to wage Star Wars and battle Alien monsters.

All of the above is why I predict the ancient-alien narrative will continue to grow over time, precisely because it is filled with mystical and magical beliefs that mirror religious mythologies. Ancient Aliens makes us feel special—just like Jesus, ETs came to visit us and advise us. After hijacking the 2001narrative, von Daniken and his scribes have built the ancient-astronaut theory into a new religion, a new cosmic narrative filling the void left by contemporary philosophy as it shrinks before a massive and expanding universe. Meanwhile, secular society provides us with mobile phones and IMAX movies, and says we and our tribes are special—so super-special that superheroes will save us in case the aliens don’t make it back in time.

Superheroes: Our Secular Gods

Born of Nietzsche’s 19th century “Ubermensch,” the superhero emerged to counter horiffic “supermen” of the 20th century — the Marxist New Man and the Nazi Aryan man. By the early 20th century, the Soviet Union promised to create the Marxist New Man, the new human supposedly liberated from capitalism and united via communism and “scientific” materialism, supposedly destined to operate on an international scale. Countering the Marxist New Man, Nazi Germany concocted a racist Aryan Man, a mythical superman from the past supposedly destined to rule Europe and much of the world. Of course, both of these visions of a “new man” resulted in genocide and mass slaughter in totalitarian societies, culminating in World War II and the deaths of hundreds of millions of people before, during, and after the war.

In America’s land of a mythic “Democratic Man,” the only “superman” would be Superman, Batman, and subsequent legions of superheroes to save us in comics and movies. Though superheroes are fictional, their stories draw on real world events, such as nuclear weapons and environmental destruction. Superheroes function like secular gods providing stories about humanity’s survival and redemption in the face of apocalypse. In the end credits for The Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), we see a giant sculpture of the Avenger superheroes, as if they are a pantheon of gods from Ancient Greece or Rome.

Pantheon of Secular Gods. Above: Statue of The Avengers from The Age of Ultron. Below: Justice League Superheroes

Superhero films have proven especially popular in the 21st century, with a trendline that mirrors the rise of non-belief in America.

Well into the 21st century, the superhero films just keep coming from Hollywood. Be it Superman, Batman, X-Men, Wonder Woman, or The Avengers, it seems almost all superhero films feature superheroes confronting a doomsday scenario for humanity. The superheroes must “save the world” because we can’t do it. Just as ancient-aliens fills the void left by philosophy divorced from science, superheroes fill the void left because industrial society has become divorced from nature, yet it is utterly reliant on the resources we are depleting. Oceans are acidifying, sea levels are rising, and nuclear war is still a possibility, while terrorism, exploitation, and endless tribal warfare plague secular society. Superheroes are needed to save us from ourselves because we know we have no answers, no real solutions for our problems, no leaders or institutions left to trust. It’s the same thing, over and over again, as illustrated in presidential elections.

In the 21st century, Americans expect their presidents to be superheroes battling the doomsday scenarios of the other party—thus we give the presidents ever-expanded political and legal powers, as if we are trying to give them superpowers and make them into superheroes with super solutions. Both major parties do it. Don’t deny it. When the dictator arrives in America, it will be in the guise of a presidential superhero with political superpowers. As Trump has shown, the superhero prez won’t even need to be rational or coherent or even sane. They just need to be superheroes who zap the bad guys. This is what happens when religion and nationalism merge with Hollywood and the 24/7 media spectacle.

In superhero movies and sequels, the superheroes must return to save us, again and again. Ancient-alien theorists claim extraterrestrial visitors shaped our past, present, and perhaps our future when they return. The return of aliens and superheroes echoes the promised return of Jesus and Nietzsche’s cycle of the eternal return, the superhero feedback loop. Ancient aliens and superheroes have superpowers beyond anything humans have, not unlike the Gods and prophets in religions. In the end, superheroes are our secular Gods and fulfill functions formerly reserved for religion, while ancient-alien theory claims to offer a secular narrative that connects us to the stars, yet ends up as another religion—a merger of the space age and new age.

Superhero stories and ancient-alien theory now stand in for contemporary philosophy, divorced from 21st century cosmology and declared “dead” by Stephen Hawking. In the absence of a science-based popular philosophy that offers us hope, meaning, and purpose (beyond tribalism, consumerism, and strip-mining other planets) amid the cosmic vastness, the ancient-alien theory provides hope and meaning by connecting our origins and destiny to a story that begins in the stars—even it is in a universe of alternative facts.

How much of the decline of traditional religious belief can be attributed to the rise of ancient alien theory? I don’t know, but given this analysis, I bet it is far from zero. This possibility is why the traditional religions will try to colonize the ancient-alien theory. Already, one prominent religious leader suggests we baptize extraterrestrials upon meeting them. If the ancient aliens do show up and don’t believe in a Creator, we might well need the superheroes to save us from a religious war in space!

_____________

• Barry Vacker is author of the new book, Specter of the Monolith (2017), which explores the meaning of Apollo and films like 2001 and Interstellar, while outlining a new and entirely original space philosophy for the human species. The book is available in Apple’s iBooks, Barnes & Noble (here), and Amazon (here).

Source medium.com

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15-03-2018 om 12:44 geschreven door peter  

Meet 'Steve,' the Aurora-Like Mystery Scientists Are Beginning to Unravel

15-03-2018 om 12:26 geschreven door peter  

Magnesium from passing comets could be a key part of the Red Planet’s cloud-starter kit

BY LISA GROSSMAN 

HEAD IN THE CLOUDS  The rover Opportunity snapped this picture of wispy clouds drifting through the Martian sky in 2006. New findings suggest the clouds might have condensed around particles of dust from comets.

JPL-NASA, CORNELL UNIV.

The seeds for Martian clouds may come from the dusty tails of comets.

Charged particles, or ions, of magnesium from the cosmic dust can trigger the formation of tiny ice crystals that help form clouds, a new analysis of Mars’ atmosphere suggests.

For more than a decade, rovers and orbiters have captured images of Martian skies with wispy clouds made of carbon dioxide ice. But “it hasn’t been easy to explain where they come from,” says chemist John Plane of the University of Leeds in England. The cloud-bearing layer of the atmosphere is between –120° and –140° Celsius — too warm for carbon dioxide clouds to form on their own, which can happen at about –220° C.

Then in 2017, NASA’s MAVEN orbiter detected a layer of magnesium ions hovering about 90 kilometers above the Martian surface (SN: 4/29/17, p. 20). Scientists think the magnesium, and possibly other metals not yet detected, comes from cosmic dust left by passing comets. The dust vaporizes as it hits the atmosphere, leaving a sprinkling of metals suspended in the air. Earth has a similar layer of atmospheric metals, but none had been observed elsewhere in the solar system before.

According to the new calculations, the bits of magnesium clump with carbon dioxide gas — which makes up about 95 percent of Mars’ atmosphere — to produce magnesium carbonate molecules. These larger, charged molecules could attract the atmosphere’s sparse water, creating what Plane calls “dirty” ice crystals.

At the temperatures seen in Mars’ cloud layer, pure carbon dioxide ice crystals are too small to gather clouds around them. But clouds could form around dirty ice at temperatures as high as –123° C, Plane and colleagues report online March 6 in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

Citations

• J.M.C. Plane et al. Meteoric metal chemistry in the Martian atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Published online March 6, 2018. doi:10.1002/2017JE005510.

Further Reading

• M.M.J. Crismani et al. Detection of a persistent meteoric metal layer in the Martian atmosphere. Nature Geoscience. Published online May 22, 2017. doi:10.1038/ngeo2958.
• A. Yeager. Mars has nighttime snow storms. Science News Online, August 21, 2017.
• A. Yeager. Extreme gas loss dried out Mars, MAVEN data suggest. Science News. Vol. 191, April 29, 2017, p. 20.
• C. Crockett. Martian aurora, high-altitude dust clouds surprise scientists. Science News. Vol. 187, April 18, 2015, p. 15.

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

15-03-2018 om 12:06 geschreven door peter  

Waterlogged minerals and changing ice add to evidence that Ceres is geologically active

BY LISA GROSSMAN 

FOLLOW THE ICE  A wall of ice in the shadows of Ceres’ Juling crater, shown here in an image taken by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft, grew by about 50 percent over the course of six months.

JPL-CALTECH/NASA, UCLA, MPS, DLR, IDA

Ceres may be regularly coughing up briny water or slush onto its surface.

The discovery of waterlogged minerals and a growing ice wall suggests that the dwarf planet could harbor underground liquid water or slushy brine, which has escaped through cracks and craters in the recent past and may still be seeping out today. The findings, reported in two papers published online March 14 in Science Advances, add to a growing realization that Ceres is geologically active — and may point to new signs of the dwarf planet’s potential to host the ingredients for life.

“We thought of Ceres as a dead body like our moon,” says Andrea Raponi, a coauthor of both studies and a planetary scientist at the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology in Rome. The growing body of evidence “means that Ceres is geologically alive, active, in our days.”

Since 2015, NASA’s Dawn spacecraft has orbited Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The mission has previously revealed Ceres has water ice in shadowed regions of its craters and a few meters below the surface (SN: 1/21/17, p. 8). The dwarf planet also has what look like cryovolcanoes, which spew slushy water instead of magma.

Now, scientists have used data from Dawn to make the first global map of surface carbonate minerals, which form in the presence of liquid water. In one of the new papers, the team reports finding hydrated sodium carbonate — versions of the minerals that still have water molecules attached.

Observations of Ceres have detected recent variations in its surface, revealing that the only dwarf planet in the inner solar system is a dynamic body that continues to evolve and change. "This is the first direct detection of change on the surface of Ceres," said Andrea Raponi of the Institute of Astrophysics and Planetary Science in Rome.

Small patches

Data taken by the Dawn spacecraft show that Ceres’ surface is covered in carbonate minerals that formed with water. Blue and magenta show widespread magnesium and calcium carbonates, while green and red show hydrated sodium carbonates. The hydrated carbonates are found in craters and on mounds, suggesting briny water or slush is reaching the surface in those zones.

F.G. CARROZZO ET AL/SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018

Because the dwarf planet has no atmosphere, that water can’t hang around more than a few million years, says study coauthor Filippo Giacomo Carrozzo, also a planetary scientist at the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology in Rome. With no protective shield, cosmic radiation breaks the water’s bonds to other molecules, and the water evaporates relatively quickly into space. The presence of so much hydrated sodium carbonate on the surface means something must be replenishing it.

Previous research had found other hydrated minerals called phyllosilicates on Ceres’ surface (SN: 10/1/16, p. 14). Finding more lingering water molecules further supports the idea that “the process of hydration is ongoing today,” Carrozzo says.

The hydrated sodium carbonates are particularly concentrated near craters and domes, suggesting that briny water or slush wells up from the subsurface in an ice volcano. Or impact craters may excavate rock and soil, exposing the brine, the researchers say.

Both ideas are “viable mechanisms,” says Lucy McFadden of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., who is a member of the Dawn team but was not involved in the new papers. “It’s all pretty exciting stuff.”

In the second study, Raponi, Carrozzo and colleagues report that a wall of water ice in a crater called Juling grew from about 3.6 square kilometers to 5.5 square kilometers from April to October 2016. “We see, under our eyes, a change in the cover of water ice in a period of six months,” Raponi says. The change took place as the dwarf planet’s 4.6-year orbit was taking Ceres closer to the sun, the equivalent of moving from winter to spring, she says.

Some of the ice could have been buried beneath dirt, which sloughed off as the ice beneath it warmed and revealed fresh ice as the seasons changed, the team argues. Or freshwater or brine could have welled up from below and froze in the shadowed crater wall. Features on the crater floor seem to support this upwelling idea, Raponi says.

If water is upwelling from below, it’s hard to explain how it stays fluid beneath the surface, Raponi admits. Icy moons with subsurface oceans, like Enceladus and Europa, get a constant influx of heat from the gravity of the giant planets they orbit, Saturn and Jupiter. But Ceres has no such heat source.

But if Ceres does have a stable layer of subsurface liquid, that could increase its potential to be habitable, Raponi says. Previous studies have found organic molecules on Ceres’ surface, too (SN: 3/18/17, p. 8). “If we have all the ingredients of life in a geologically active body, that can be very interesting,” Raponi says.

Citations

• F.G. Carrozzo et al. Nature, formation, and distribution of carbonates on Ceres. Science Advances. Published online March 14, 2018. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701645.
• A. Raponi et al. Variations in the amount of water ice on Ceres’ surface suggest a seasonal water cycle. Science Advances. Published online March 14, 2018. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aao3757.

Further Reading

• E. Eaton. Ceres harbors homegrown organic compounds. Science News. Vol. 191, March 18, 2017, p. 8.
• C. Crockett. Dawn spacecraft maps water beneath the surface of Ceres. Science News. Vol. 191, January 21, 2017, p. 8.
• C. Crockett. Water plays a big role in shaping dwarf planet Ceres. Science News. Vol. 190, October 1, 2016, p. 14.
• C. Crockett. Pluto’s icy landscape comes into view. Science News. Vol. 188, August 8, 2015, p. 6.

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

15-03-2018 om 11:56 geschreven door peter  

Here Are 3 Of The Best Recorded UFO Sightings Witnessed In Ancient Times

“In the year 22, of the third month of winter, sixth hour of the day […] among the scribes of the House of Life it was found that a strange Fiery Disk was coming in the sky. It had no head…It was after the evening meal when the Disks ascended even higher in the sky to the south…”

Despite the fact that millions of people around the globe are convinced that mankind has been visited and is being visited by beings not from Earth, the evidence remains unconvincing for skeptics.

Even though we can find hundreds of mysterious videos filmed both by ordinary people and by astronauts and military personnel, it is a common belief that ‘contact’ with alien life has never been made.

If we take a look at history, we will find a number of interesting documents which ‘prove’ that ancient cultures like the Egyptians, or people living in Europe some 500 years ago, witnessed something in the sky which they could not properly explain.

Image Credit: Shutterstock

They saw something in the heavens that was strange, but they knew it wasn’t weather related and thought of the mysterious phenomenon as a sign of the Gods.

One of the most discussed ancient documents that suggest the ancient Egyptians witnessed UFOs in the distant past is the so-called Tulli Papyrus.

This document offers the earliest citation of flying saucers on the planet.

The Tulli “papyrus” is a translation of a modern transcription of an ancient Egyptian document.

As noted in this ancient text, during the rule of Pharaoh Thutmose III a mass UFO sighting occurred over Egypt. The event was recorded in history as a day of great importance, a day that something unexplainable occurred.

The translation of the text, according to R. Cedric Leonard:

“In the year 22, of the third month of winter, sixth hour of the day […] among the scribes of the House of Life it was found that a strange Fiery Disk was coming in the sky. It had no head. The breath of its mouth emitted a foul odor. Its body was one rod in length and one rod in width. It had no voice…

…It was after the evening meal when the Disks ascended even higher in the sky to the south. Fish and other volatiles rained down from the sky: a marvel never before known since the foundation of the country.”

In addition to this document, many other accounts of strange ‘ships’ in the sky have been recorded throughout the years.

In 1561, the inhabitants of Nuremberg (modern-day German) witnessed a battle in the sky.

This event is considered as one of the best recorded UFO sightings in the history of man.

The day was April 14th, 1561, people left their homes to go about their everyday activities, but when they looked towards the sky, they saw something terrifying and unexplainable, as dozens of strange crafts were flying above the city.

The local newspaper from Nuremberg gave the following description of the events over the city:

“In the morning of April 14, 1561, at daybreak, between 4 and 5 a.m., a dreadful apparition occurred on the sun, and then this was seen in Nuremberg in the city, before the gates, and in the country – by many men and women. At first there appeared in the middle of the sun two blood-red semi-circular arcs, just like the moon in its last quarter. And in the sun, above and below and on both sides, the color was blood, there stood a round ball of partly dull, partly black ferrous color. Likewise there stood on both sides and as a torus about the sun such blood-red ones and other balls in large number, about three in a line and four in a square, also some alone. In between these globes there were visible a few blood-red crosses, between which there were blood-red strips, becoming thicker to the rear and in the front malleable like the rods of reed-grass, which were intermingled, among them two big rods, one on the right, the other to the left, and within the small and big rods there were three, also four and more globes. These all started to fight among themselves, so that the globes, which were first in the sun, flew out to the ones standing on both sides, thereafter, the globes standing outside the sun, in the small and large rods, flew into the sun. Besides, the globes flew back and forth among themselves and fought vehemently with each other for over an hour. And when the conflict in and again out of the sun was most intense, they became fatigued to such an extent that they all, as said above, fell from the sun down upon the earth ‘as if they all burned’ and they then wasted away on the earth with immense smoke. After all this there was something like a black spear, very long and thick, sighted; the shaft pointed to the east, the point pointed west. Whatever such signs mean, God alone knows. Although we have seen, shortly one after another, many kinds of signs on the heaven, which are sent to us by the almighty God, to bring us to repentance, we still are, unfortunately, so ungrateful that we despise such high signs and miracles of God. Or we speak of them with ridicule and discard them to the wind, in order that God may send us a frightening punishment on account of our ungratefulness. After all, the God-fearing will by no means discard these signs, but will take it to heart as a warning of their merciful Father in heaven, will mend their lives and faithfully beg God, that He may avert His wrath, including the well-deserved punishment, on us, so that we may temporarily here and perpetually there, live as his children. For it, may God grant us his help, Amen. By Hanns Glaser, letter-painter of Nurnberg”.

(Source: Colman S. Von Kevicsky, “The Ufo Sighting Over Nuremberg in 1561” Official Ufo January 1976, pp. 36-8, 68. The translation is by Ilse Von Jacobi.)

But there’s more.

In 1665, hundreds of people witnessed another battle of ships in the sky, above the sky of Barhöfft.

Shortly after the battle had ended, the inhabitants of Barhöfft witnessed a dark, disk-shaped object overflying the area where the battle had taken place.

The event:

“After a while out of the sky came a flat round form, like a plate, looking like the big hat of a man… Its color was that of the darkening moon, and it hovered right over the Church of St. Nicolai. There it remained stationary until the evening. The fishermen, worried to death, didn’t want to look further at the spectacle and buried their faces in their hands. On the following days, they fell sick with trembling all over and pain in head and limbs. Many scholarly people thought a lot about that,” 

wrote Erasmus Francisci in “Der wunder-reiche Ueberzug unserer Nider-Welt/Oder Erd-umgebende” in 1689.

{ https://ancient-code.com/ }

15-03-2018 om 11:39 geschreven door peter  

What Will Future Space Robots Look Like?

 

Michael Karrer / Emily Cho

15-03-2018 om 11:31 geschreven door peter  

Stephen Hawking’s Most Dire Predictions for the Future

by Alexandra Ossola

 

Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images

{ https://futurism.com/ }

15-03-2018 om 11:20 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious Beams of Light appear in the Sky over Ohio

While driving on March 13th, 2018 in Ohio, Justin saw lights coming from the upper right side of the screen.

At first Justin thought it was a reflection but realized it wasn’t because the light was being blocked by the trees.

Indeed it is not a reflection and again an orange glow in the sky that surrounds the beams of light before the mysterious phenomenon disappears and the night sky turns to normal again.

The strange sky phenomenon starts at the 0.48 mark in the video.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/  }

15-03-2018 om 11:07 geschreven door peter  

Galactic clockwork: Astronomers find all galaxies rotate once every billion years

Credit: Pexels.

Our planet spins around its own axis, with each completed cycle corresponding to the length of a day. The Earth also orbits the Sun, coming full circle every ~365 days, which we call a year. But now, researchers have found that not only do all galaxies spin around their core like cosmic clocks, they also all take just as long to complete a full revolution, regardless of their size. That’s about one billion years or so. Can we call it a galacton? What about a galaxium? I want more ideas in the comments.

Like clockwork

“It’s not Swiss watch precision,” said Professor Gerhardt Meurer from the UWA node of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR).

“But regardless of whether a galaxy is very big or very small, if you could sit on the extreme edge of its disk as it spins, it would take you about a billion years to go all the way round.”

The researchers investigated numerous galaxies of all shapes, sizes, and rotational velocity, ranging from small dwarf irregulars to massive spirals

Meurer and colleagues found there were some persistent regularities such as that all galaxies of the same size also have the same average density of stars. “You won’t find a dense galaxy rotating quickly, while another with the same size but lower density is rotating more slowly,” Meurer said.

The astronomers thought they would find dispersed populations of young stars and gas at the edges of galactic disks. But instead, the models revealed that older stars exit through the outer edge of galaxies, too. This finding is of significant practical importance since it tells scientists where a galaxy ends, allowing them to limit observations and not waste time and computer processing power.

When the next generation of radio telescopes comes online, such as the massive Square Kilometre Array (SKA), these will generate a flood of new data, so knowing how to accurately identify a galaxy’s edge can save astronomers a lot of headaches.

By far, the most striking finding was that, no matter how big they are, all galaxies rotate once every billion years.

“So because of this work, we now know that galaxies rotate once every billion years, with a sharp edge that’s populated with a mixture of interstellar gas, with both old and young stars,” Professor Meurer said.

“When the SKA comes online in the next decade,” Meurer said, “we’ll need as much help as we can get to characterize the billions of galaxies these telescopes will soon make available to us.”

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

15-03-2018 om 01:21 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Biblical Texts Tell Of Civil War Between Ancient Astronauts

BY CHET DEMBECK 

Ancient carved pipes of the mysterious ‘Mount Builders’,

Credit: Unknown

The Book of Enoch and Extraterrestrial Watchers

The controversy surrounding the Old Testament “Book of Enoch” will always be with us as more theologies reject this unique chronicle than accept it as part of the cannon of the Bible. This is understandable because when interpreted literally, it makes little sense.

R.H. Charles translated the ancient text in 1912. In 1948 more pieces of this ancient puzzle came together with the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Soon after, fragments of the Greek text were also discovered.

True Events

It is my belief that Enoch was writing about true events and real experiences using the language and belief system of his ancient times to describe what he perceived as supernatural spiritual beings at war with one another.

In truth, I believe Enoch really was witnessing two groups of space travelers from a civilization eons ahead of man’s technologically, who were fighting over whether such an advanced civilization had the right to interfere, intermarry and conquer a primitive species.

In my opinion it is only when we view the so-called “Watchers” or “angels” Enoch chronicles in this context that this prophet’s epic account makes any sense at all.

Shipwrecked or Observation Post

I am going to give you my interpretation of Enoch’s writings first, with his text immediately following.

My interpretation of Chapter six and seven of the Book of Enoch is as follows:

An expedition of extraterrestrials either crashed or was shipped down to earth to observe mankind and watch its progress — thus the term “Watchers.” This is no different than what some of our scientists do in the wild with animals or secluded Amazon tribes. They observe, tag and try to learn as much as they can about their subjects without destroying their culture or interfering with their affairs. Again, I am speaking of today and not during the period of past European colonialism.

Gap in Time

Whether these visitors had crashed or had been transported to the ancient Middle East is not known. But according to Enoch’s account, the 200 of them, who had become residents of the area, started to find earth women quite attractive. My best guess is that a long period of time has passed between when this crew had been dropped off or crashed on earth; therefore, as a group they decided it was time to procreate with the natives because they weren’t sure if their fleet would ever be returning for them.

Or this action could have been purely a matter of survival. Perhaps their women had died, or perhaps they were dwindling in numbers and believed it was necessary to take action to preserve themselves. Or, perhaps they were just horny.

Interesting, Enoch writes that their leader Semjâzâ openly expressed great concern about such a move; in fact, he told his fellow extraterrestrials that he would be held responsible and pay a heavy price for allowing such sexual copulation.

At this, his crew assured the leader that they had his back, which appeared to ease Semjâzâ reservations enough to give them the final O.K. — and even join in.

Broke the Prime Directive

Using a Star Trek term, it was soon after that the 200 visitors descended Mount Hermon, a place with so-called angels and God often communicated with the prophets, and took themselves human wives.

In the next passage, Enoch begins to outline the consequences of these extraterrestrials mating with local women. Immediately, the visitors began to teach their wives advanced chemistry and later they would teach their offspring the advantages of technology as applied to warfare with other humans.

Instantly, these extraterrestrials had sowed the seeds for the disaster that followed.

{https://unknownboundaries.com/ }

15-03-2018 om 01:09 geschreven door peter  

Here Are 10 Of The Most Remarkable Ancient Temples Ever Built On Earth

Thousands of years ago, ancient cultures around the globe erected some of the most amazing structures on the surface of the planet.

Using incredible knowledge of mathematics, astronomy, engineering, and architecture, ancient people created truly wonderous monuments to stand the test of time.

Some of these structures are engulfed in mystery, as they defy everything we have been taught about ancient cultures.

From laser-like cuts to supermassive blocks of stone weighing up to one hundred tons, these incredible ancient structures prove that our ancestors were far more advanced than what we are crediting them for.

Join me on this journey while I explore ten of the most remarkable temples ever built on Earth.

The Konark Sun Temple. 

This ancient temple located in Orissa, India was built by King Narasimhadeva I of Eastern Ganga Dynasty in 1255 CE.

I find this temple beyond stunning as it features a number of intricate design details that will make your jaw drop.

The temple itself was shaped like a gigantic chariot, but its breathtaking design elements are the smaller ones, like the elaborately carved stone wheels, pillars, and walls. A major part of the structure is now in ruins.

Another temple, perhaps equally stunning is the so-called Brihadeeswarar Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and commissioned by Raja Raja Chola I. The temple was completed in 1010 CE. This temple is located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. One of its most prominent features is the massive 40-meter-high Vimana—one of the largest in the world. The entire temple was built out of granite, and scholars have calculated that the ancients used more than 130,000 tons in its construction.

The Prambanan temple compound, home to 240 rocket-like structures. This ancient temple compound is believed to have been erected during the 9th century under the Sanjaya dynasty of the first Kingdom of Mataram in the Central Java region. Prambanan is considered the most significant Hindu temple site in Indonesia, and one of the biggest in Southeast Asia. The stunning rocket-like structures are characterized by its tall and pointed architecture style, which, according to historians, are typical of Hindu architecture and by a towering 47-meter-high central building inside a large complex of individual temples.

One of my favorite ancient temples is located in Ellora, Maharashtra, India. This ancient wonder of the world is considered the largest rock-cut temple on the surface of the planet.

The Kailasanatha temple (Cave 16) is one of the 34 cave temples and monasteries are known collectively as the Ellora Caves.  Its construction is generally attributed to the 8th-century Rashtrakuta king Krishna I in 756-773 CE.

From India, we travel to Egypt. There, in the land of the Pharaohs, we come across the Temple of Dendera, an ancient monument built to honor the Goddess Hathor.

Curiously, this temple, located a mere 2.5 km southeast of Dendera, is one of the best preserved Egyptian complexes, especially its central temple, thanks to which it remained buried by sand and mud until it was unearthed by Auguste Mariette in the middle of the 19th century.

The Temple of Dendera features a mysterious relief that some authors claim depicts a massive lightbulb used by the ancients Egyptians, suggesting that thousands of years ago, the ancient Egyptians had access to advanced technologies like electricity.

Egypt has a number of ancient temples that are worth mentioning, and I can’t exclude Khafre’s Valley Temple from this article.

This ancient temple is one of the most curious temples in Egypt mostly because of the enigmatic ‘bent’ stones that lie inside the temple. It features supermassive blocks of stones, some exceeding 150 tons in weight, and design elements that eerily resemble elements found halfway around the world, in Peru.

The Giant Pyramid-temple of Borobudur. This magnificent ancient structure is considered the largest Pyramid-shaped Buddhist monument in the world, but it is also one of the most intricately designed structures on the surface of the planet. mainstream scholars have no idea who erected it, what its original purpose was, nor how on earth it was built.

A few people are aware of the fact that hidden deep inside the desert region in Peru, more than 5,000 years ago, an ancient civilization erected magnificent temples and pyramids.

An Aerial view of Caral. Image Credit: Turandino

The Pyramids and temples of Peru are believed to predate the Pyramids of the Giza plateau by at least 500 years and were erected by the Caral people.

From Peru me journey to the Temple of the Sun or (Coricancha, Koricancha, Qoricancha or Qorikancha), the main Inca Sanctuary. Its internal walls, embedded and molded with millimetric precision, surprise even more when it is known that during the Inca Empire they were not ‘naked’, but that all the walls of the temple, according to Garcilaso de la Vega who wrote about Coricancha in the late sixteenth century, “were covered from top to bottom with massive gold planks.”

Image Credit: Shutterstock

The Temple of the Sun (Coricancha) is part of a beautiful complex composed of several temples.

And last but not least, we travel to Cambodia.

There, in the city of Angkor Thom lie the ruins of the temple complex of 200-smiling-faces: The Bayon Temple.

Built at the end of the 12th century, it was completed during the reign of Jayavarman VII. It was created in Buddhist style. The temple is oriented towards the east, and so its buildings are set back to the west inside enclosures elongated along the east-west axis. It is best known for its 54 towers and more than two hundred Buddha faces which give off a sensation as if they were staring at you with a relaxed, calm, and beatific look.

Featured image credit: Shutterstock

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

15-03-2018 om 00:56 geschreven door peter  

Here Are NASA’s Unreleased Apollo Mission Images They Don’t Want You To See

The idea that NASA has encountered Alien life during the Apollo missions has aroused the curiosity of thousands of experts in the field for decades.

Ever since NASA successfully landed on the moon, people have wondered whether or not the astronauts on the lunar surface—and during their trip to the moon—witnessed things they couldn’t rationally explain.

In other words; Alien spaceships and structures on the moon’s surface.

These questions were quickly turned into a conspiracy theory, and people who argue that the Apollo astronauts witnessed inexplicable things during their trip to the moon were called out as conspiracy nuts.

To date, the United States is the only country to have successfully conducted manned missions to the surface of Moon, with the last Apollo mission departing the lunar surface in December 1972.

Apollo 11 Moon Landing.

Image credit: NASA

For nearly half a century—46 years to be precise—space agencies around the globe have avoided going to the moon.

But why?

Was it due to extremely high costs? Risks? Or is it that the moon is simply not an interesting place?

The truth is that today, 46 years after the last successful moon landing we have much better technology than we had 46 years ago.

Money isn’t an issue, for we always find money for things we want and need.

The moon is perhaps one of the most interesting places in the solar system, and numerous experts have claimed it is imperative for humans to establish a colony on the lunar surface.

So, what’s keeping us from landing on the moon?

A man called Bob Dean may answer the above question.

Mr. Dean is retired US Army Command Sergeant Major who served for 28 years.

He has given a number of interesting lectures, providing a wealth of information about not only the moon landings, Apollo missions, but also corroborating what numerous whistleblowers have said in the past.

During the Barcelona Exopolitics Summit, on July 25, 2009, Mr. Dean released a set of amazing images. He also explained the Apollo missions, and what astronauts encountered unlike anyone before him.

During the summit, Mr. Dean released to the public a set of fascinating images supposedly captured by astronauts of the Apollo 12 mission, including an image showing mysterious spacecraft several hundred feet in diameter.

During the lecture, Mr. Dean recounts how on the morning of the 2nd of February 1961, World War III almost began, and a fleet of unidentified flying objects were to blame:

“It appears that on the morning of the 2nd of February 1961, World War III almost started. It was involved in the flyover of large numbers of circular metallic craft, flying in formation, very obviously under intelligent control,” said Mr. Dean during the lecture.

Mr. Dean continued: “They would fly out of the Soviet sector in the Warsaw Pact toward the U.S. in formation at a high speed and at a very high altitude. They would turn north over the English Channel over the southern coast of England and then they would disappear off of NATO radar over the Norwegian Sea.”

“The Soviets went on red alert. The NATO forces went on red alert. Everybody was, you know … fingers on their triggers, thumbs poised above those red buttons. And World War III was just moments away,” explained Mr. Dean. “Within 20 minutes, it was all over. The objects flew, turned north and disappeared off of radar.”

Soon after the mysterious sighting that nearly triggered WWIII, a study of the occurred took place.

Experts concluded how “…planet Earth and the human race had been under some kind of survey or observation going on for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. They concluded, in 1964, that there were at least four different groups coming here, observing us, surveying us, analyzing us, closely watching us, what we were up to, what we were doing. They concluded that it did not appear to be a military threat involved, because their repeated demonstrations of incredibly advanced technology demonstrated to us that, if they had been hostile or malevolent, there was absolutely nothing we could do. If they were evil in their intent and they were hostile toward us, it would have been over a long time ago.”

“…the conclusion was there were four different groups involved,” explained Mr. Dean.

This image comes from the Apollo 12 mission, Apollo Systems 12, roll number 50, negative number 7348. A mysterious object was sighted by Apollo astronauts as they were orbiting the moon.

The image seen below was taken by Astronaut Neil Armstrong. While the astronauts were looking out of the window of their little craft, this cigar-shaped object flew by.

The next image, says Mr. Dean, shows a mysterious disc-shaped object with several hundred feet in diameter. It was snapped while astronauts made their way to the surface of the moon.

The next two images were taken by Apollo Astronauts when they were overflying the so-called Lansberg crater. According to Mr. Dean; “The astronauts in orbit above the Moon were particularly fascinated by the Lansberg crater. They had been given a special designation to take pictures of Lansberg, because the crater, which they named as the Lansberg, had things going on that were very anomalous. There was construction going on. There were gigantic facilities in the crater up there. So they were specifically delegated and assigned to photograph Lansberg to see if they could figure out what the hell was going on down there. While they were looking at Lansberg, this object happened to express interest in them and flew by. Now this line is an artificial line that was drawn to show you the … it gave the direction that this object was going. This is a good-size object flying past the Apollo Lander.”

Are these mysterious spots alien structures on the lunar surface?

Mr. Dean continued showing evidence gathered by astronauts from the Apollo 13 mission. The below image, says Mr. Dean, where taken as Apollo 13 astronauts were traveling to the moon when a number of things began happening. Some strange objects were appearing outside the windows of the spacecraft, so the Apollo 13 Astronauts grabbed their Hasselblad cameras and started taking pictures of what they had seen.

This photograph below shows three different objects.

Another image of the Apollo 13 ‘UFO’ encounter, as noted by Mr. Dean.

Read the entire transcript and view more images here.

Source: Bob Dean: Barcelona Exopolitics Summit, 25 July 2009, Transcript

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

15-03-2018 om 00:38 geschreven door peter  

De grootste natuurkundige van deze tijd, de bekendste wetenschapper ter wereld, een legende, een briljant fysicus,... De op 14 maart overleden Stephen Hawking kreeg veel bejubelende stempels opgekleefd. Maar hij was niet alleen dat. Hij was bijvoorbeeld ook een middelmatige scholier of auteur van kinderboeken. En het had niet veel gescheeld of de wereld had al in 1985 afscheid moeten nemen van Hawking. Dat en een aantal andere zaken die je wellicht nog niet wist over Hawking zetten we in onderstaand lijstje op een rijtje.

• LEES OOK. Fysicus Stephen Hawking overleden op 76-jarige leeftijd

1. ZIEKTE ONTDEKT NA VAL OP IJSPISTE. 

Stephen Hawking was niet alleen wereldberoemd wetenschapper, maar ook een van de bekendste ALS-patiënten. Dat hij die ziekte had, ontdekte hij toen hij 21 was. De eerste signalen daarvoor merkte hij op toen hij met zijn moeder ging schaatsen. Hij kwam toen ten val, maar het lukte hem nauwelijks om weer rechtop te geraken. Hij werd ook steeds onhandiger en kon steeds moeilijker praten. Hawking besefte dat er iets mis was. Begin 1963 werd de diagnose gesteld: de ongeneeslijke ziekte ALS. Dokters gaven hem nog maar 2 jaar te leven. Uiteindelijk werden het er nog 55.

FOTO: PHOTO NEWS

2. BIJNA GESTORVEN IN 1985. 

Bijna was Hawking zo’n 33 jaar geleden al gestorven, nadat hij een longontsteking opliep tijdens een congres in Genève. De situatie was zo ernstig dat hij met machines in leven moest gehouden worden. Zijn stembanden werden tijdens een noodzakelijke operatie ook doorgesneden, waardoor hij zijn stem kwijtraakte. De echtgenote van Hawking, Jane, werd voor de keuze gesteld om de machines die hem in leven hielden, uit te zetten. De dokters gaven Stephen namelijk geen kans meer op overleven. Jane weigerde echter de machines te laten uitzetten, en uiteindelijk overleefde Stephen toch.

3. BRIT MET AMERIKAANSE STEM. 

Hawking’s ziekte heeft ertoe geleid dat hij niet goed meer kon praten. Na een noodzakelijke operatie werden zijn stembanden ook doorgesneden en verloor hij zijn stem. De man kon al jaren niet meer praten en communiceerde daarom via een stemcomputer. Opvallend: hoewel Hawking Brits is, spreekt de stemcomputer met een Amerikaans accent. Hawking wilde toch dié stemcomputer behouden “omdat hij geen enkele stem had die hij beter vond en omdat hij zichzelf intussen met die stem geïdentificeerd had.”

Zijn stem kan trouwens ook gehoord worden in de nummers Keep Talking en Talkin’ Hawking van Pink Floyd en in de intro van het album Party Animals van Turbonegro0

4. MIDDELMATIGE STUDENT. 

Hawking was een genie, maar in zijn eerste schooljaren was hij toch vooral een middelmatige student. Meer nog: hij eindigde vaak als laatste in de klas wanneer de schoolrapporten werden uitgedeeld. Dat hij slechte punten had ,was echter niet omdat hij niet intelligent zou geweest zijn. Wel was de jonge Hawking eerder lui. Ook in de middelbare school haalde Hawking daardoor geen uitmuntende punten. Hij was niet meer de slechtste, maar scoorde ook niet meer dan middelmatig.

• LEES OOK. Hawking gaf ooit een feestje voor tijdreizigers, maar niemand kwam opdagen

5. POPULAIR DANKZIJ ROEIEN.

 Hawking studeerde eerst aan de Oxford-universiteit. Volgens biograaf Kristine Larsen was hij ongelukkig tijdens zijn eerste jaar aan de universiteit. Hij raakte uit die ongelukkige periode door zich aan te sluiten bij het roeiteam. Hawking had toen nog niet de diagnose van ALS gekregen. Maar een echte sportieve rol had hij niet in het team. Hij zat op de positie waarin de stuur- en slagfrequentie bepaald werd. Dat maakte hem populair, vooral omdat dit een cruciale positie is.

• REACTIES. Verslagenheid, maar vooral ook lof na dood van Hawking: “Briljant wetenschapper, een echte legende”

6. ICONISCHE STATUS. 

Hawking wordt beschouwd als de grootste natuurkundige van deze tijd. Hij heeft ook een iconische status als meest herkenbare wetenschapper van onze tijd. Dat werd nog versterkt doordat hij in meerdere programma’s kwam opdraven. Zo had hij een rol in Star Trek of The Big Bang Theory, net als in The Simpsons. En een deel van zijn leven werd ook verfilmd: een paar jaar geleden kwam The Theory of Everything in de zalen. Eddie Redmayne vertolkte toen de rol van Hawking en kreeg daar een Oscar voor.

7. NIET ALLEEN WETENSCHAP, OOK KINDERBOEKEN. 

‘A Brief History of Time’ is een van de bekendste werken van Stephen Hawking. Het werd een wereldwijde bestseller. Onder andere dankzij dit boek verwierf Hawking bekendheid bij het grote publiek. Er zijn wereldwijd tientallen miljoenen exemplaren van dit boek verkocht, het werd in meerdere talen vertaald. Maar Hawking schreef niet alleen puur wetenschappelijke werken. Hij schreef ook essays en gaf lezingen over bijvoorbeeld politiek, intelligente wapens, robots, het beleid van Amerikaans president Trump, over de klimaatverandering of over ‘de vernietiging van onze planeet’.

En Hawking is ook auteur van een kinderboek. In 2007 maakte hij samen met zijn dochter Lucy het boek ‘George’s Secret Key to the Universe’. Het boek was vooral bedoeld om zwaar wetenschappelijke thema’s zoals theorieën rond het heelal en zwarte gaten op een begrijpbare manier uit te leggen aan kinderen. Het boek kreeg, als onderdeel van een trilogie, ook nog een vervolg.

8. BELANGRIJKSTE WETENSCHAPPER. 

Hawking is, letterlijk en figuurlijk, onlosmakelijk verbonden met zijn elektrische rolstoel. Dat bekend beeld van de man overschaduwde soms zijn wetenschappelijk nalatenschap. Nochtans is Hawking misschien wel de belangrijkste wetenschapper van de voorbije decennia. Hij vergrootte ons begrip van tijd en ruimte, vormde een brug tussen de relativiteitstheorie van Einstein en het ontstaan van het heelal, en heeft mee de basis gelegd voor de vooruitgang in de hedendaagse theoretische fysica.

• LEES OOK. Jane Hawking: “We zijn met vier in het huwelijk getreden”

9. ZWEVEN ‘IN DE RUIMTE’.

 In 2006 pleitte Hawking openlijk voor de kolonisatie van andere planeten. Zijn eigen volgende doel was daarom ook om eens naar de ruimte te gaan. Hij grapte toen dat “Richard Branson hem daar misschien wel bij kan helpen.” Een jaar later deed de miljardair dat ook. Of toch een beetje. Hawking ging niet écht de ruimte in, maar kon dankzij een wetenschappelijke vlucht toch gewichtloosheid ervaren. De kosten van die vlucht werden volledig gedragen door Branson.

10. VERJAARDAG VAN EINSTEIN EN PI.

 Stephen Hawking werd geboren op 8 januari 1942. Dat was op de 300ste verjaardag van de dood van Galileo, de Italiaanse fysicus, wiskundige, filosoof en astronoom die ook wel de ‘Vader van de Moderne Wetenschap’ wordt genoemd. De dag waarop Hawking stierf, 14 maart, is ook de dag waarop Albert Einstein in 1879 werd geboren. Hawking werd en wordt ook wel de Albert Einstein van deze generatie genoemd. En 14 maart is ook pi-dag, de dag die wereldwijd door wiskundigen wordt gevierd. Die dag, 3/14, verwijst naar de eerste drie cijfers van pi, een van de belangrijkste wiskundige begrippen.

{ https://www.nieuwsblad.be/ }

15-03-2018 om 00:20 geschreven door peter  

Are Aliens Trying To Contact US? Astronomers Spot Brightest Ever Fast Radio Burst

People are divided between whether or not the mysterious FastRadio Bursts are signals sent from an advanced alien civilization or a natural cosmic phenomenon.

Now, astronomers have registered another mysterious fast radioburst, and they say it is the brightest on so far.

The enigmatic signal could help astronomers pinpoint its cosmic source and understand what exactly is causing it.

Are FRB signals from an alien civilization?

FRB or Fast Radio Bursts are extremely brief yet extremely bright pulses of radio emissions that have caused confusion among astronomers for more than a decade.

First spotted in 2008, after 11 years, experts have not been able to determine the exact origin of the mysterious radio emissions that only last a few milliseconds.

Astronomers say that their extremely unusual signal strength may help decipher their mysterious origin.

Some have claimed that the signals come from an advanced alien civilization, while others say that the universe is to blame.

The truth is, we still don’t know.

So far, astronomers have managed to detect 33 FRBs since 2007, but two groups of astronomers have uncovered three more mystery signals in the last few days.

The first signals were uncovered by Breakthrough Listen, which looks for signs of intelligent life in the universe.

The second and third signal was spotted by researchers at the Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia-

All three signals were found thanks to Australia’s Parkes Telescope.

Speaking to the New Scientist about the new FRB signals, Peter Williams, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said: “Finding three this quickly is quite unusual. It seems like it was just luck.”

FRBs are a curious phenomenon.

A message from the stars?

Image Credit: Shutterstock.

So far, only one FRB ever cataloged has been detected to flashmore than once: an object known as FRB 121102 in a galaxy about three billion light-years away.

However, despite this rare event, astronomers say that other FRBs also flash more times, it’s just that they are too dim for us to see.

However, after the detection of the FRBs in March of 2018, Professor Maura McLaughlin at West Virginia University in Morgantown,

says future detections could be much easier if the repeating FRB hypothesis is correct.

Professor McLaughlin said: “Everyone’s sort of jumping on this bandwagon of looking for FRBs in the background all the time no matter what else is going on. This should lead to a huge uptick in detections in the next year or so.”

Experts from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in March 2017 claimed a solar-powered transmitter using sunlight cast on an area twice the size of Earth could generate enough energy to be ‘seen’ by far away viewers.

Exeperts said that the most readonsable use for this incredilbe amount og enery wuld be to drive intertellar light sails, devices that would rely on a steady beam from the transmitter, allowing ‘alien’ spaceships to mtravel across the universe.

Scientists argue that the so-called FRBs could be evidence of said sails. Observers from Earth only see the brief flash as the sail, its host planet, its star, and the galaxy all move relative to us, making the signal to sweep across the sky, only pointing at Earth for a short moment.

Featured image credit: Shutterstock

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

14-03-2018 om 23:53 geschreven door peter  

British Physicist Stephen Hawking Died Aged 76 In Cambridge

British physicist Stephen Hawking died Wednesday, March 14, 2018, at the age 76, according to his family.

One of the most prestigious scientists and one of the most popular theoretical physicists of the last decades has begun his never-ending journey through the fabrics of the universe.

“We are deeply saddened by the death of our father,” said his children Lucy, Robert and Tim.

“He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live for many years,” they said in a statement.

Professor Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, in the United Kingdom, and was considered one of the most influential scientists since the great Albert Einstein, not only for his decisive contributions to scientific progress, but also for his constant concern to bring science closer to the public and his extraordinary courage against the degenerative disease that he battled against that put him in a wheelchair.

Hawking needed an electronic synthesizer to be able to speak, but his voice ended up being heard all over the world.

To move around, he used his chair, which he controlled with the movement of head and eyes.

Son of a biologist who decided to take his family out of London to save them from the German bombings during World War II, Hawking grew up in the city of St Albans.

As a student, he soon proved how important he would eventually become for society.

He graduated with honors in Physics at Oxford and later obtained a postgraduate degree in Cosmology at the University of Cambridge.

At the age of only 21, everything changed for the young Stephen Hawking. He began noticing that his movements were getting clumsy, and he had difficulties moving. Soon after, he was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a motor neuron disease.

At that time, he was planning the wedding with Jane Wilde, his first wife.

The doctors did not bring good news, predicting that he would not live beyond two years.

“The commitment saved my life, it gave me a reason to live,” he said years later.

The couple had three children.

Hawking defied all odds and the disease progressed more slowly than expected, but over the years it ended up leaving him with only two functionally fingers and a few facial muscles.

However, this ‘limitation’ did not prevent him from continuing to work on his theories and disseminating them through books and public events.

In 1988 he had published his book “Brief History of Time”, which sold more than 10 million copies, becoming a worldwide bestseller.

Through his work and his books, he proved that the passion to which he devoted his entire life, to study the laws that govern the universe, could also be attractive to the general public and not only scientists.

He was right.

He turned his disability into one of the keys to his scientific work.

When he lost the mobility of the arms, he insisted on being able to solve the most complex calculations with the mind alone, without writing down the equations.

What other’s saw as a limitation, Professor Hawking saw as another challenge to overcome, and through his years he proved that he was really good at overcoming challenges.

Soon he began to propose revolutionary theses that questioned the established scientific theories.

One of his most daring statements was to consider that the General Theory of Relativity formulated by Einstein implied that space and time had a beginning in the Big Bang and its end in black holes.

In 1976, and following the statements of quantum physics, Hawking concluded in his “Theory of Radiation” that black holes—regions with such powerful gravity that even light cannot escape—were capable of emitting energy and losing matter.

His theories never stalled, and he continued developing them throughout the years.

In 2004 he refuted himself and came to the conclusion that black holes do not absorb everything.

In other words, Hawking played a definitive role in the diffusion of cosmology in terms easy to understand for the general public.

Aware that his book had sold a lot, but due to its complexity had been understood and read through by few, Hawking worked on a shorter version (of the already brief history of time) and made it more “readable”.

The British physicist tried, by all means, to get people closer to the mysteries of the universe and in search of this objective he never hesitated to resort to humor and was able to find a bright, small light, even inside of black holes.

Hawking won the Albert Einstein Award, the Wolf Prize, the Copley Medal, and the Fundamental Physics Prize, but the Nobel prize, however, eluded him.

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

14-03-2018 om 23:44 geschreven door peter  

Stephen Hawking : top 5 de ses découvertes

Célèbre auprès du grand public pour son activité de vulgarisation, le physicien Stephen Hawkingétait d'abord un cosmologiste qui a travaillé à la description de l'univers et de son histoire dans le cadre de la théorie de la Relativité générale. Ses travaux, qui concernent également les trous noirs, ont porté initialement sur la fameuse singularité cosmologique du Big Bang. 

Voici, sous une forme extrêmement simplifiée (que les physiciens nous pardonnent), ses cinq contributions majeures à la fresque moderne du Cosmos.

1 - La croissance de la surface d’un trou noir

Stephen Hawking réfléchit, un soir de novembre 1970 alors qu'il va se coucher, à la façon de décrire un trou noir. « Mon invalidité rend cette opération très longue, aussi avais-je le temps de réfléchir » raconte-t-il dans Une brève histoire du temps. Il s'attarde sur les phénomènes se déroulant sur l'horizon, cette limite immatérielle marquant en quelque sorte la frontière du trou noir. Il aboutit à une curieuse conclusion. « Si deux trous noirs se heurtaient avant de se fondre pour n'en former plus qu'un, la surface de l'horizon du trou noir final serait supérieure à la somme des surfaces des trous noirs originaux. Cette propriété de non-croissance limite considérablement le comportement possible d'un trou noir. Je fus si excité par ma découverte que je ne dormis guère cette nuit-là. Le lendemain, j'appelais Roger Penrose. »

Si la surface d'un trou noir ne peut que croître, ce comportement évoque une quantité physique qui se comporte de la même manière : l'entropie. Elle décrit le désordre d'un système et le second principe de la thermodynamique affirme qu'elle ne peut que croître dans un système isolé. Mais le rapprochement semblait initialement problématique. Si un trou noir se trouve entouré de gaz qu'il avale en partie, il absorbe aussi l'entropie du gaz. Or, le second principe de la thermodynamique implique que l'entropie totale de l'ensemble gaz-trou noir ne peut diminuer. Il n'est pas violé que si la surface de l'horizon des événements est bien une mesure de l'entropie du trou noir. Alors, en effet, elle augmente avec l'absorption de ce gaz.

Or, un système physique qui a de l'entropie a aussi une température et ce qui a une température émet un rayonnement. Et à cette époque, les trous noirs ne sont pas censés émettre quoi que ce soit.

La voûte céleste telle que la verrait un observateur situé près d’un hypothétique trou noir devant le centre de notre galaxie.

© Alain Riazuelo, IAP 

2 - Le rayonnement de Hawking

Cherchant à démontrer que c'est bien le cas Hawking prédit finalement, à sa grand surprise, que les trous noirs doivent bel et bien rayonner. Cette prédiction de l'évaporation des trous noirs est une découverte faite par le calcul par Stephen Hawking en 1974. Il montre surtout que si un trou noir émet un rayonnement, il doit adopter le spectre du rayonnement d'un corps chaud particulier que l'on appelle un corps noir, avec une température ne dépendant que de sa masse. C'est précisément ce qu'il fallait pour assurer l'existence de l'entropie d'un trou noir. Il trouve cette explication dans la physique quantique. Les fluctuations quantiques du vide créent des paires de particule-antiparticule virtuelles qui ne vivent que très peu de temps avant de s'annihiler mutuellement sans quoi elles violeraient le principe de conservation de l'énergie.

Tout près de l'horizon d'un trou noir, juste son extérieur, les paires de particules peuvent être séparées par des forces de marée qui fournissent de l'énergie et rendent ces particules réelles, autant que celles qui nous entourent. Lorsque l'une d'elles passe l'horizon, pour un observateur extérieur, elle se comporte comme une particule d'énergie négative, tandis que l'autre a une énergie positive. Le même observateur extérieur voit donc de l'énergie émise par le trou noir sous forme de particules (de matière ou d'antimatière), lequel absorbe en permanence un flux d'énergie négative, ce qui, d'après la célébrissime formule E=mc², correspond à une perte de masse. Un trou noir s'évapore, annonce Stephen Hawking. Lentement mais sûrement.

3- Le paradoxe de l’information qui disparaît

Tout ce qui tombe dans un trou noir disparaît à jamais. Ou plus exactement, le trou noir semble ne retenir des caractéristiques de cette matière que sa masse, son moment cinétique et ses charges électriques et magnétiques. Plus de formes ni de structures : une planète entière avec tout ce qu'elle portait serait réduite à une collection d'objets décrits par ces quatre nombres. Autrement dit, toute l'information, qui était nécessaire pour décrire (ou représentée par) les océans, les plaques tectoniques, les organismes vivants, les bibliothèques ou les pages Web, aura disparu. Impossible dit la physique quantique qui, pourtant, affirme que le rayonnement de corps noir émit par le trou noir ne doit pas coder de l'information, étant aussi désordonné que possible !

Malgré de gros efforts, ce paradoxe n'est pas résolu.

• VOIR AUSSI :Trou noir : Hawking a-t-il enfin résolu le paradoxe de l’information ?

4 - Les théorèmes sur les singularités

Entre 1965 et le début des années 1970, Roger Penrose s'attaque à la question de savoir si la formation des trous noirs avec un horizon des évènements implique aussi qu'il s'y forme une singularité de l'espace-temps, avec une courbure et une densité infinie. Sa réponse est positive et Stephen Hawking va étendre les travaux de Penrose, d'abord seul puis en sa compagnie, au cas du Big Bang. Là aussi, les deux chercheurs aboutissent à la conclusion qu'une singularité est inévitable... si la théorie de la relativité générale seule est employée pour décrire ces phénomènes, précisent-ils.

• VOIR AUSSI :Singularités, trou de ver et voyage spatiotemporel

5 -Le temps imaginaire de Hartle-Hawking

En 1983, James Hartle et Stephen Hawking proposent une description quantique de l'univers tout près du Big Bang dans laquelle le temps se comporte exactement comme une dimension d'espace. Le temps ne serait apparu, si l'on peut dire, qu'après la fameuse ère de Planck relevant d'une théorie quantique de la gravitation. L'espace-temps doit alors se décrire non pas uniquement par des nombres réels mais aussi par des nombres complexes, au sens mathématique du terme, le temps pouvant alors même être décrit uniquement par la partie imaginaire de ces nombres (toujours au sens mathématique du terme). Il n'y aurait plus alors de singularité. Au moment du Big Bang, le temps tel que nous le ressentons aujourd'hui n'existait pas et la question de l'avant-Big Bang n'a plus de sens.

• VOIR AUSSI :Big Bang : le modèle de Hartle-Hawking est-il faux ?

{ https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/ }

14-03-2018 om 23:28 geschreven door peter  

14-03-2018 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

OP STEEDS MEER PLAATSEN VREEMDE GLOED AAN DE NACHTHEMEL...

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14-03-2018 om 23:11 geschreven door peter