Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
13-04-2020
Comet Atlas: The Real Reason Why Donald Trump Wanted To Purchase Greenland - (Incoming on May 11th)
Comet Atlas: The Real Reason Why Donald Trump Wanted To Purchase Greenland - (Incoming on May 11th)
Shoutouts to @RoseHannah, @GlobalWatchmenNews and @TheFinalDays YouTube Channels in assisting me with my research as we look at the incoming Comet Atlas and the possibility that a rather enormous ‘magnetic’ planet has entered Earth’s atmosphere and may be playing games with Earth’s magnetic force field in the coming month’s. You will see more predictive programming (just like we saw with the Coronavirus Pandemic) and how the Global Elite may be running and hiding from further calamity here on Earth. By the end of April we will clearly be able to see the approaching Comet Atlas and there may be an underlying reason as to why we have all been placed under House Arrest. See no evil… speak no evil. Out of sight, Out of mind. Just saying. We will be following this right up to the very end.
A team of researchers demonstrated that water has been here since the Earth was formed. Published in the journal Nature Geoscience, this discovery has profound implications in terms of the habitability of the Earth, Venus and Mars.
While everyone agrees that our blue planet is rich in water, this observation seems contradictory, first, with the exploration of other rocky planets with an arid surface, and then, with the idea of ‘a giant impact between proto-Earth and a planetary embryo the size of Mars, from which the Moon would have originated. Such an event should have vaporized the preexisting water, and dried up the primitive Earth.
Size comparison of the four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars), Earth’s Moon and dwarf planet Ceres in true color.
“So we have two options to explain the presence of water on Earth after such a giant impact: either the water was reported later, after the disaster, in particular by ice-cold or water-rich asteroids; or the giant impact was not important enough to vaporize all the water on Earth “, underlines Cédric Gillmann.
To investigate the origin of terrestrial water, a team of modelers and geochemists led by Cédric Gillmann – G-Time laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Free University of Brussels, funded by the EOS ET-HoME project – traveled – digitally – far beyond Earth: to Venus.
While Earth and Venus are often thought of as twin sisters, their respective geological and climatic developments have diverged dramatically in the past.
Using numerical simulations of impacts by different types of asteroids containing different amounts of water, the team discovered that collisions with asteroids rich in water cannot explain the current composition of the atmosphere of Venus. This means that the material brought to Venus – and therefore to Earth – after the last giant impact had to be dry, which drastically limits the late water supply.
“As water is obviously present today on our planet, this implies that it must be there since the formation of the Earth, probably buried deep at the start to be able to survive the giant impact”, concludes Cédric Gillmann.
This idea has very profound implications in terms of the habitability of Earth, Venus and Mars, as it suggests that the planets probably formed with their almost complete water budget, and slowly lost it over time.
Because of the importance of water to sustain life, the question of the origin of water on Earth is primordial. A major challenge in investigating this question is that Earth has lost all the traces of its formation since it is an active planet.
A team of numerical modelers and geochemists led by Cédric Gillmann – Université libre de Bruxelles, ULB, funded by the EoS project ET-HoME – has decided to look far beyond Earth – up to Venus – to investigate the origin of terrestrial water.
While Earth and Venus could be considered as, twin sisters their respective geological and climatic evolutions diverged dramatically in the past, leading to Venus’ present-day 92 bar atmosphere heated by an infernal greenhouse up to 470°C, opposed to the mild conditions and only 1 bar pressure at the surface of Earth.
However, Venus’ volcanic activity and outgassing are reduced compared to Earth, because it has no plate tectonics, but has a stagnant lid instead. Even better, such a convection mode implies very little recycling of volatile species into the mantle.
As such, despite being an inferno, the evolution of the atmosphere of Venus is much easier to understand and model over geological times. In addition, because of their proximity, the Earth and Venus should have received the same type of material during their history. All these aspects combine to make Venus a perfect place to study the primitive evolution of terrestrial planets.
Contacts and sources:
Cédric Gillmann Laboratory G-Time ULBFree University of Brussels
UFOs over Corona, California – recorded yesterday!
UFOs over Corona, California – recorded yesterday!
This strange UFO video was recorded in the sky above Corona in California on 11th April 2020 at 5.30AM and submitted to our website throughreport form.
Witness report:
I was taking my dog out for her morning duties when I notice something orange in the sky approaching from the south east direction. At first I thought it was a small plane since there is a nearby local airport in the town. However, as I waited I noticed the orange light was not making a sound. I used my frame of reference by first noticing the light moving through the tree branches. It was moving slowly from branch to branch, that was my first indicator that it was moving. I then stopped moving to listen for any sound coming from ‘an engine’of the orange object but I did not hear any engine sound in the distance. It was then I quickly ran inside and grabbed my cell phone and began recording. As I began to record, the orange object stopped and slowly began moving north. I could see it by my naked eye but on my cellphone camera kept trying to adjust the image. I swear on everything I hold dear…this thing stopped moving and was below the clouds. It could not be a planet or star but I could be wrong. After 5 minutes it disappeared. For the recorded, I served over ten years in the US Army and I have been in a war zone. I have seen satellites, rockets, and drones…I have never seen anything like this. Plus, I HAVE NEVER SEEN A UFO IN MY ENTIRE LIFE….except what I saw that morning. I will email you my video from email if I can…it is 4m and 11sec long.Be advise…most of the clear video starts at minute 1:55. Again…it could be a planet…but I knew what I saw.
Corona California – April 11th, 2020 5:30AM Saturday
I was taking my dog out for her morning duties when I notice something orange in the sky approaching from the south east direction. At first I thought it was a small plane since there is a nearby local airport in the town. However, as I waited I noticed the orange light was not making a sound. I used my frame of reference by first noticing the light moving through the tree branches. It was moving slowly from branch to branch, that was my first indicator that it was moving. I then stopped moving to listen for any sound coming from ‘an engine’of the orange object but I did not hear any engine sound in the distance. It was then I quickly ran inside and grabbed my cell phone and began recording. As I began to record, the orange object stopped and slowly began moving north. I could see it by my naked eye but on my cellphone camera kept trying to adjust the image. I swear on everything I hold dear…this thing stopped moving and was below the clouds. It could not be a planet or star but I could be wrong. After 5 minutes it disappeared. For the recorded, I served over ten years in the US Army and I have been in a war zone. I have seen satellites, rockets, and drones…I have never seen anything like this. Plus, I HAVE NEVER SEEN A UFO IN MY ENTIRE LIFE….except what I saw that morning. I will email you my video from email if I can…it is 4m and 11sec long.Be advise…most of the clear video starts at minute 1:55. Again…it could be a planet…but I knew what I saw.
Tilden, Nebraska – APRIL10 10 P.M.
I was in my backyard at 305 s. Elk street and while facing southwest I saw several bright lights [a total of over 25] moving in various directions. [not all at one time but in a fairly small area] about 60 degrees off the west horizon and could see them until they were 80 degrees off east horizon, then suddenly I noticed one after another traveling from northwest to southeast. There were no flashing lights or sound & there was just a trace of wind. I counted 13 in a row about 10 seconds apart. One would appear and disappear then another would follow. They were moving too fast to be airplanes. First I thought they were satellites until we saw them come across one after another. My neighbors- alex and emily were also in their back yard at the time and they witnessed 8 or 9 after I called to them. Sorry no photos.
Melton, Victoria, Australia – 9/04/2020
I honestly can not believe I am writing this, I also can’t believe what I have just witnessed over the last 3 hours. This is the first time I have ever written to any forum like this, about this ect. I am really shaken still so please excuse my grammar. What was witnessed tonight is hand on bible true, we were not under ANY INFLUENCE, we are not drug users, weed users, drinkers or smokers. We are literally the most ordinary suburban couple, I have always believed that there might be life outside our planet, but I never looked into it or anything, my husband on the other hand, does not(DID NOT) believe in anything like this until tonight, I feel like I had to write a little disclaimer because if someone told me they had witnessed what I have just witnessed, I WOULD THINK THEY HAD LOST THEIR MINDS! This is the true account of our UFO sighting and I am only writing this in the hopes that someone else out there saw it too, I find it now quite coincidental that this happened while the world is on lockdown, it has started to make me question EVERYTHING. Anyways…. At about 6.15pm my husband and I were sitting outside (on lockdown from Covid 19) in Victoria, the sun was still setting the sky was a dark pink/purple but the sun had not fully set yet and there was no sign of stars in the sky. When I looked into the sky directly behind my husbands head all of a sudden a HUGE bright star looking thing appeared out of thin air, I told my husband to look and asked what is that? (I myself have always believed in E.T, ufos ect but my husband did not. He freaked out when he saw this light, you could clearly see it was not a star, it was an oblong shape and With the lights shinning from it, it almost looked like a cross shaped object, we watched it for about 10 minutes in which we KNEW WITHOUT A DOUBT that it was NOT a star, the object was hovering and moving quite slowly and it was very large, I ran inside for a couple of minutes while he stayed to watch it and came back in 2 minutes in which I could no longer see it from the position I had first sighted it, meaning the object had moved quite a significant distance in a short amount of time. As we kept our focus on the large object because as it flashed quite brightly, I swear on everything, this sounds so crazy I honestly can’t believing I’m typing this but I am in hopes that SOMEONE ELSE SAW WHAT WE DID… we started to see this distinct black shadow looking thing coming from the brightly flashing object, the best way I can describe it as crazy as it sounds is it looked like these black tentacles moving around, we both saw it, we were both screaming to each other “can you see the black thing coming out from the right, left bottoms ect” we could both see it at the same time. As that caught our attention to say the least… we failed to see that many more objects (about 10) had appeared in the same area of the sky but spread a distance from each other, as the sun began to set and the sky became darker, it was all very very clear, the other 10 objects were a lot smaller then the initial first one but still significantly bigger then a star, not only that but you could clearly see a red and white flashing light from them as well as they were also of oblong shape, it was as clear as anything, (The stars started to appear and without a doubt you could tell the difference between the stars and these objects, the stars stayed in the same spot and were not flashing red and white) (we also sighted 2 airplanes in this time which just had no comparison to the object) we watched all of this with our own eyes, but that’s not the craziest part, as we shifted our attention from the initial big one to the smaller (but still quite large) flashing objects, IT WAS CLEAR AS DAY WE COULD SEE ABOUT 20 or so even smaller objects FLYING out of the larger ones, it was as CLEAR as the letters I am typing right now, we both saw it, I called my mum and told her to look she also lives in the same suburb, and she could see them clear as day also, the smaller little objects would flash their lights bright and then switch them off and switch them back on, they were flying so quickly and then stop to hover away from each other, some would fly far into the distance and disappear, others would fly towards the other bigger objects and disappear into them, the smaller ones were the ones moving around, we were clearly so shocked by this and did not want to move our attention to anything else, we kept track of them but there was soo many moving around so quickly, now this is what scares us the most, these smaller objects (from what we observed in particular the ones that flew away and disappeared rather then the ones that would go back into the bigger object)as they flew around, stopped to hover, and flew away again WE BOTH SAW (my mum also still on the phone while watching this happen too) A DARK OBJECT FALLING FROM THE FLYING OBJECT…you could distinguish the dropped object over the flying object because it would fall from the flying object at such a speed (like someone jumping from a plane for example). Now clearly we were very distracted by this in which we all started looking for the 1st Biggest object we saw… it had completely vanished. We spend 3 hours outside watching this, the activity decreased as all the smaller objects flew back to the “medium” sized objects and then those medium objects would hover around for some time until they flew away until they also disappeared. I honestly can’t believe in my life I could witness something so bizarre and unexplainable as this. I was able to get a video of the larger object from my iPhone but the video DOES NOT do it justice, you can clearly see the first big object (no better then you can see a star) but the camera could not pick up the “medium” objects (as you can tell by the footage 1. We had not seen the smaller objects yet and 2. The “stars” we said were flickering was actually the “medium” objects we had not identified yet, at this point there was still not 1 actual “star” in the sky, the “stars” were the 10ish medium objects that we witnessed the smaller objects fly out of and into. ( Your website will not allow me to upload the video, can I email it??) I hope this is clear to read, I am honestly in that much shock after what we witnessed that I am just trying to document this ASAP!
Kumanovo Macedonia – Apr 9, 2020
Indianapolis, Indiana – 8 April 2020
Umtuntweni beach, Kwa Zulu Natal, South Africa – April 2020
I took this photo off the sea, when l took it there was nothing on the horizon, when l look later there was this black spot on the photo. First l thought the lens was dirty, or something on the windscreen. Can not enlarge properly to see wat it was. Maybe you can help in this regard, as you have more experience in things like this.
Unknown location in United States – April 2020
Alameda, ca. – March 26th 2020
I saw 6 objects coming out of the western sky with Orions belt as the background. This was on 3-26-20 at approx. 8:20 pm. The first one I saw was bright and moving fast, thought it might be a satalite, but then a second one came out of the same area, and a 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th. They were moving from West to East following each other at equal distance, and speed. Took about 40 seconds for them to clear . I don’t know what they were, but do know they were in space above the Earth. Any ideas out there?
New Smyrna Beach Florida – June 2017
Cigar shape photo was taken from the Motel balcony we were staying at. My wife took it during or after a thunder storm that day.
Winchester. U. K. – September 2006
Flat saucer cream coloured shape shot from deep out in space between stars faster than anything I’ve ever seen, faster than anything made by humans as we do not have the power yet to go as fast as this disc, I thought for a minute it was a comet or something, it was faster than a comet. It looked like it just feel out off the sky iand past our planet. I was driving a coach back from London on the M3 Motorway on a September evening I was approaching Winchester and looking for Harvest Moon when I saw this shape just drop from out off outside of our atmosphere, from between the stars, so fast I could not believe what I saw, I’m usually a bit of a synic but hey < I saw this and I know people won’t believe it< it was like the Star Trek warp speed, the size of the disc compared to say a plane was absolutely huge
«Le phénomène est devenu palpable. J’ai eu la chance de pouvoir filmer une réunion des membres de la commission SIGMA 2 qui étudie les Ovnis de manière rigoureuse et scientifique ou encore de rencontrer le Sénateur Harry Reid à l’origine du programme AATIP de recherche sur les OVNIs du département de la défense américaine. Toutes ces interviews ont confortés mes intuitions.»
Dominique Filhol pour Paris Match
Oui, vous avez bien lu, Alain Juillet, ancien Directeur de la DGSE, est en ITW pour Match sur le sujet des OVNIS.
Parce qu’Alain Juillet fait partie des intervenants du nouveau documentaire de Dominique Filhol, “OVNIS, Une Affaire d’Etats”, qui sera diffusé Mardi en début de soirée.
On rappelle que Dominique Filhol accueillera dans un live exceptionnel Luc Dini, Pierre Bescond (Sigma 2) et Jan Harzan (Président MUFON US), tous participants dans le documentaire.
Informations sur le live :
⚠️ LIVE INÉDIT avec des invités exclusifs ⚠️
▼▼▼ Toutes les informations en description ▼▼▼
Le MUFON France vous propose une émission spéciale post-diffusion du documentaire de Dominique Filhol “OVNIS, une affaire d’États”
🤔 QUI SONT NOS INVITÉS ? Nous échangerons et discuterons du sujet OVNI avec Dominique Filhol avec :
Alain Juillet – Ex-Directeur des renseignements a la DGSE
Luc Dini – Président de la commission technique SIGMA (3AF)
Pierre Bescond – ex CNES membre de COMETA et SIGMA2
Jan Harzan – Directeur du MUFON – Mutual UFO Network
Et Pascal Fechner, qu’on voit de façon subliminale dans le reportage mais il est content quand même puisque ça a été filmé au QG du MUFON France à Valensole
💕 NOS COUPS DE CŒUR – A voir et à revoir …
• “OVNIS, UNE AFFAIRE D’ÉTATS” le Mardi 14 Avril à 21h sur Planète+ A&E, Réalisé par Dominique Filhol : https://youtu.be/zd6SXDrFAr8
NASA is headed to Saturn's largest moon, Titan — but some scientists hope to convince the agency to send another mission to Titan's neighbor, Enceladus, to look for signs of life.
Enceladus is a tiny, icy world that scientists best know from NASA's Cassini mission to the Saturn system, which ended in 2017. During Cassini's tenure, the spacecraft determined that the moon has an ocean hidden below its icy crust. The probe also found that Enceladus spit plumes containing material from this ocean out into space. These plumes are the primary reason why scientists want a dedicated spacecraft to visit the world.
"Enceladus is the only confirmed current habitable environment beyond Earth, it's the only world meeting the canonical requirements for habitability," Amanda Hendrix, a planetary scientist at the Planetary Science Institute, said during a presentation coordinated by the National Academies of Sciences on March 31. "The next step is to search for signatures of life in the Enceladus ocean materials, and Enceladus makes it easy because it ejects its ocean material into space."
Specifically, Hendrix argued that Enceladus should be a target for the next round of the same mission size that includes the new Dragonfly mission to Titan, as well as missions like the OSIRIS-REx asteroid mission, the Juno mission to Jupiter and the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt.
Two missions proposed during the most recent round did focus on Enceladus, but they did not make the final selection. Both Enceladus and Titan were listed together as the same potential type of destination, "ocean worlds." Because NASA didn't select an Enceladus mission, scientists are worried that the "ocean world" goal will now be considered under control, even though Dragonfly's visit to Titan will only teach us so much about Enceladus. The same limitation holds true of NASA's Europa Clipper, which will visit an icy moon of Jupiter that is superficially much more similar to Enceladus than Titan is.
"We now know that there's a lot of ocean worlds in our solar system and each as we currently understand it is unique and each offers something different to our understanding of ocean worlds," Hendrix said. "Enceladus is distinct from Europa and Titan."
The most exciting reason Enceladus is so distinct from other ocean worlds in our solar system is those plumes shooting out of the moon near the south pole. These plumes mean that scientists wouldn't need to build a spacecraft that can land on and penetrate an icy shell to study the hidden ocean.
"This is my personal opinion, but if we're going after life in our solar system and we've got an ocean out there that's just spewing itself out into space and making it easy for us," Hendrix said, "let's go do it, let's not make things harder on ourselves by first trying to do a lander mission."
While Enceladus' plumes make its ocean more accessible to spacecraft, the innards of the world remain isolated enough that, if there is indeed life in its hidden ocean, it could have evolved independently of life, say, here on Earth. But right now, that is a possibility of a possibility, and the only way to begin navigating out of these "ifs" is to send a spacecraft to check out the ocean.
"This ocean at Enceladus could be a host to a whole separate genesis of life," Hendrix said. "It could be uninhabited or it could be in a prebiotic state, but regardless, any Enceladus mission exploring this ocean is going to provide groundbreaking discoveries."
The new results challenge a core tenet of modern cosmology.
These four galaxy clusters were among hundreds analyzed in a large survey to test whether the universe is the same in all directions over large scales. The study results suggest the concept of an "isotropic" universe may not entirely fit.
The universe may not be the same in every direction after all.
The expansion rate of the universe appears to vary from place to place, a new study reports. This finding, if confirmed, would force astronomers to reassess just how well they understand the cosmos.
"One of the pillars of cosmology — the study of the history and fate of the entire universe — is that the universe is 'isotropic,' meaning the same in all directions," study lead author Konstantinos Migkas, of the University of Bonn in Germany, said in a statement. "Our work shows there may be cracks in that pillar."
The universe has been expanding continuously for more than 13.8 billion years, ever since the Big Bang — and at an accelerating rate, thanks to a mysterious force called dark energy. Equations based on Einstein's general theory of relativity suggest that this expansion is isotropic on large spatial scales, Migkas wrote Tuesday (April 7) in a blog post about the new study.
Observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the universe-pervading radiation left over from the Big Bang, support this notion, he added: "The CMB seems to be isotropic, and cosmologists extrapolate this property of the very early universe to our current epoch, nearly 14 billion years later."
But it's unclear how valid this extrapolation is, he stressed, noting that dark energy has been the dominant factor in the universe's evolution over the last 4 billion years or so. Dark energy's "baffling nature has not yet allowed astrophysicists to understand it properly," Migkas wrote. "Therefore, assuming it to be isotropic is almost a leap of faith for now. This highlights the urgent need to investigate if today's universe is isotropic or not."
The new study reports the results of one such investigation. Migkas and his colleagues studied 842 galaxy clusters, the largest gravitationally bound structures in the universe, using data gathered by three space telescopes: NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, Europe's XMM-Newton and the Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics, a joint Japanese-U.S. mission that ended in 2001.
The researchers determined the temperature of each cluster by analyzing the X-ray emissions coming from huge fields of hot gas within them. They used this temperature information to estimate each cluster's inherent X-ray luminosity, without needing to take into account cosmological variables such as the universe's expansion rate.
The researchers then calculated X-ray luminosity for each cluster in a different way, one that did require knowledge of the universe's expansion. Doing so revealed apparent expansion rates across the entire sky — and these rates didn't match up everywhere.
"We managed to pinpoint a region that seems to expand slower than the rest of the universe, and one that seems to expand faster!" Migkas wrote in the blog post. "Interestingly, our results agree with several previous studies that used other methods, with the difference that we identified this 'anisotropy' in the sky with a much higher confidence and using objects covering the whole sky more uniformly."
This graphic shows a map of the universe's expansion rates in different directions, estimated in a new study by Konstantinos Migkas and collaborators. The map is in galactic coordinates, with the center looking toward the center of our galaxy. The black and purple colors show the directions of the lowest expansion rates (the Hubble constant); yellow and red show the directions of the highest expansion rates. (Image credit: University of Bonn/K. Migkas et al.)
It's possible that this result has a relatively prosaic explanation. For example, perhaps galaxy clusters in the anomalous areas are being pulled hard gravitationally by other clusters, giving the illusion of a different expansion rate.
Such effects are seen at smaller spatial scales in the universe, the researchers said. But the new study probes clusters up to 5 billion light-years away, and it's unclear if gravitational tugs could overwhelm expansion forces over such vast distances, they added.
If the observed expansion-rate differences are indeed real, they could reveal intriguing new details about how the universe works. For instance, maybe dark energy itself varies from place to place throughout the cosmos.
"It would be remarkable if dark energy were found to have different strengths in different parts of the universe," study co-author Thomas Reiprich, also of the University of Bonn, said in the same statement. "However, much more evidence would be needed to rule out other explanations and make a convincing case."
The new study appears in the April 2020 issue of the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. You can read it for free at the online preprint site arXiv.org.
The following is a true and accurate account of my “close encounter” in Seattle, Washington, which occurred in 1993. I believe it was in the month of November.
It was a Sunday night about 9:30. I often had occasion to be driving north about that time of evening on Sundays, and I usually took the I-5 freeway. This time, however, I knew the freeway, northbound, was jammed up due to an accident. So I took an alternate route which eventually led me to what I think was East Marginal Way, right next to the main Boeing Aircraft facility in Seattle.
As I was traveling, northbound, I noticed three red lights low in the sky ahead of me and to my right. They were moving in unison, very slowly across my field of vision from east to west. At first, I thought they must be the lights of a low flying plane, perhaps about to land. Then I thought, no, they must be helicopters because a plane, even if it was landing, wouldn’t be moving that slowly.
The trouble was, I couldn’t actually see the craft or crafts that the lights were attached to. They were, maybe, a half mile ahead of me, about 30 degrees to my right. Normally, I wouldn’t have paid much attention to this because I’d been making that Sunday night drive past Boeing (although via the freeway) for twelve years.
This is also not too far from the Sea-Tac Airport. In all that time I’d seen plenty of airplanes and helicopters flying low in this area. But something was different this time. It took me a minute to realize what it was. It was the fact that the lights weren’t blinking. I thought that was odd.
It seemed to me every airplane or helicopter I’ve ever seen flying at night had blinking lights. I squinted my eyes as I drove toward the lights, trying to see just what I was actually looking at.
Although I was now only about two blocks away from being directly under the flight path of these lights, I still could not make out what they were attached to.
However, from their slow, steady movement, in unison, I was pretty sure all three of them were attached to a single object, rather than being independent of each other. By the time I was directly in line with their flight path, they were about to enter the airspace above Boeing Field to my immediate left.
At this point I was convinced it was a single, low-flying craft of some kind and I knew there was something very odd here. I pulled my car off to the side of the road and rolled down the window to get a better look. But the craft was now directly overhead so I had to get out of the car to see it…
I opened the car door and stepped out, craning my neck to see the craft as it passed slowly directly over my head at an estimated altitude of less than 500 feet (Note: at the actual time of the sighting my impression was that the craft was perhaps only about 150 feet above me).
I could see it was a gigantic black triangle. There is no other way to describe it because that’s precisely what it was; a huge, black, triangle; not just “sort of” triangular-shaped, like one of those stealth jets I’d seen photos of.
It was just one big, three-sided, cookie-cutter-straight-edged, black, geometric shape; a triangle with one large, round unblinking red light at each of its three corners, flat up against the underside of the craft. There was a high, gray cloud cover that evening, subtly lit by the Seattle city lights in the distance. I could clearly and without obstruction see the object like a huge, dense, black silhouette against this gray ceiling.
I stood there almost not believing what I knew I was seeing. I actually said to myself, “Ok. What, exactly, are you seeing? You’re going to want to remember every detail of this! Just the facts, now. What, exactly, do you see?”
I made a mental inventory. “Black triangle. Red light on each corner, flat up against the underside of the craft. They don’t blink…
(Note: at this point it has proceeded on past me and was now over Boeing field)… It looks like it’s about seventy-five to a hundred feet above one of the main Boeing hangars. It’s moving very slowly. Maybe five miles per hour. It’s heading west. It appears to be about the size of a football field.”
Suddenly I realized, as I stood there in the dark on this quiet empty street, the object didn’t make a sound! Maybe more than anything else, that’s what made the whole thing so eerie. Something that huge, that close, moving through the air at a snail’s pace should be making some kind of a sound. A hum. A rumble. Anything. But, no.
It just moved across the sky like something out of a Steven Spielberg movie with the volume turned off. I looked up and down the street to see if anyone else was witnessing this silent event, but the street was dark and empty in both directions.
It occurred to me, however, that the thing had just passed directly over hundreds of cars on the freeway which was only a few miles east of where I was standing. I looked up again at the mysterious craft now blending into the dark horizon. I watched it until I couldn’t see it anymore and then it was over.
I got back into my car and closed the door. The window was still open and I took another look. Nothing was there but the gray night sky, softly aglow from the distant city lights. It was as if nothing had happened. But believe me, it did, indeed, happen.
Lyn Buchanan, one of the STARGATE army remote viewers, claims, as multiple others within the program have, that he was tasked to find out information on extraterrestrial groups that were/are visiting the planet.
Reflect On:
Why is the success and validity of remote viewing and parapsychology often ridiculed? Why are the most successful remote viewers within the program all relaying to humanity that we're not alone?
For anybody who’s looked into the Remote Viewing programs that were (and probably still are) in operation within several governments around the world, it’s very easy to become awe struck with regards to the validity of these programs, despite the fact that they’ve received a lot of criticism from skeptics. One merely has to look at the facts to get a good picture of just how successful, accurate, and useful these programs were, and again, probably still are. Here is a great quote from Dr. Jessica Utts, the Chair of the Department of Statistics at the University of California, Irvine and a professor there since 2008.
“What convinced me was just the evidence, the accumulating evidence as I worked in this field and I got to see more and more of the evidence. I visited the laboratories, even beyond where I was working to see what they were doing and I could see that they had really tight controls…and so I got convinced by the good science that I saw being done. And in fact I will say as a statistician I’ve consulted in a lot of different areas of science; the methodology and the controls on these experiments are tighter than any other area of science where I’ve worked.” (source)
Such an eye opening and revealing quote, and a fact that needs to be emphasized because when it comes to remote viewing, it conflicts with so many people’s belief systems, including many within the fields of academia. Thus, it is often brushed off as ‘pseudoscience’ without any proper investigation or inquiry. This is odd, given the fact that multiple governments have admitted to studying remote viewing, and other phenomena that falls under the umbrella of parapsychology.
What is remote viewing? It’s an ability that allows the ‘viewer’ to be able to describe a remote geographical location up to several hundred thousand kilometres away (even more) from their physical location — one that they have never been to.
Here’s another great quote from the declassified literature in 1995 from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) archives, from scientist and co-founder of Stanford’s remote viewing program, Harold E. Puthoff:
“To summarize, over the years, the back-and-forth criticism of protocols, refinement of methods, and successful replication of this type of remote viewing in independent laboratories has yielded considerable scientific evidence for the reality of the [remote viewing] phenomenon. Adding to the strength of these results was the discovery that a growing number of individuals could be found to demonstrate high-quality remote viewing, often to their own surprise. . . . The development of this capability at SRI has evolved to the point where visiting CIA personnel with no previous exposure to such concepts have performed well under controlled laboratory conditions.” (source)
Multiple viewers were used with exceptional skills inside of this program, which was known as the STARGATE program. One of them was Lyn Buchanan, a veteran and an Army Remote viewer who worked inside of the program. His status within the program has been verified by the declassified literature that was released on the program in 1995.
Here is an example within the literature. Although there are many, I chose this one because it also mentions the professor I quoted above, Jessica Utts.
The document mentions Utts’ responsibility with regards to conducting a review of the remote viewing research. It also mentions a program that aired featuring many people from within the program, like Lyn Buchanan, but obviously does not mention all of them as there were many.
One common theme among several army remote viewers, like Ingo Swann and Pat Price, names that are also found throughout the de-classified STARGATE literature, is extraterrestrial.
I recently came across an interview with Lyn Buchanan, and according to him:
“After the military I was asked by a branch of the government to do a paper, a study paper to compare and contrast ET psychic ability to human psychic ability. The study that I did was because I was given access to many of the things that never made it into project grudge or the blue book or anything like that because they couldn’t be denied. So anyway, in studying these, I found out that we can take the ET’s of all different kinds and species and all that and put them into four main categories. We’ve got those who are more psychic than us and those that are less psychic than us. In each of those two categories we’ve got friendly to us and unfriendly to us, the unfriendly non-psychic ones tend to not come here. They don’t like us, they don’t want to be around us. The non-psychic friendly ones come here for trade. The psychic friendly ones actually want to help us develop our abilities and become stronger at it. And the unfriendly psychic ones want us wiped off the planet, they want us dead, period, no questions asked.”
He also mentions extraterrestrial bases that are on Earth, and he says there are approximately five. He mentions that they are all inside of mountains and that at some of these bases humans are working with these extraterrestrials in various ways. He is not the only viewer to mention these bases and extraterrestrials, as Ingo Swann told many fascinating stories in his book, Penetration: The Question of Extraterrestrial and Human Telepathy. Furthermore, Joseph Mcmoneagle was another individual who had experience in remote viewing an extraterrestrial presence.
Then, there is Pat Price, who, along with Ingo Swann, is described as one of SRI’s most successful viewers, as his sessions were extremely accurate.
Legendary UFO researcher Timothy Good tells the story quite well in his book, Unearthly Disclosure:
According to Captain Frederick H. Atwater, a retired US Army officer also involved at the time in highly classified ‘remote viewing’ experiments for the CIA and the Defense Intelligence Agency, as well as for the Army’s Intelligence and Security Command, Price had remotely viewed four alien bases on Earth, one of which was located under Mount Ziel, Northern Territory. Mount Ziel lies some 80 miles west-northwest of Pine Gap. Price believed the base contained a mixture of ‘personnel’ from the other bases, one purpose being to ‘transport new recruits, with an overall monitoring function’. The other bases were said to be under Mount Perdido in the Pyrenees, Mount Inyangani in Zimbabwe, and, coincidentally, in Alaska under Mount Hayes. Price described the occupants as ‘looking like homo sapiens, except for the lungs, heart, blood and eyes.’
Lord Admiral Hill-Norton, Former Chief of Defence Staff, 5 Star Admiral of the Royal Navy, and Chairman of the NATO military committee, wrote the forward to the book by Good. Here’s a great quote from him:
“There are objects in our atmosphere which are technically miles in advance of anything we can deploy, that we have no means of stopping them coming here … [and] that there is a serious possibility that we are being visited and have been visited for many years by people from outer space, from other civilizations. That it behooves us, in case some of these people in the future or now should turn hostile, to find out who they are, where they come from, and what they want. This should be the subject of rigorous scientific investigation and not the subject of ‘rubishing’ by tabloid newspapers.” (source)
Bellow is a screenshot of the first page of a document from 1979, which wasn’t approved for release until after the year 2000. The document is written by Atwater, and you can scroll down to the bottom and see that yourself. I thought I should post it here because it mentions Price and it’s very interesting, although you can’t make out all of it because some is blanked out. However, you can see how useful Mr. Price was to the CIA, and how interesting findings were not shared. His story regarding the alien bases is one example of many that corroborates other stories from many viewers like Buchanan and Ingo Swan (both of whom were mentioned above). They’re also mentioned on the second page of the document below.
If you pay a visit to the CIA’s electronic reading room and type in any of the names I’ve mentioned in this article, you will find a plethora of articles.
Being a UFO researcher for a very long time, what’s interesting to me is that the comments remote viewers make about ET presence corroborates with a lot of other information in the field. The success of the remote viewing alone is why it’s even more intriguing.
Discussing Remote Viewing & The Moon
Joe and I recently sat down and went a lot deeper into remote viewing and how it relates to the extraterrestrial phenomenon. Below is a clip from our hour discussion on the topic during our 3 hour broadcast of The Collective Evolution Show. Check out the clip below, and if you want to watch the entire broadcast you can sign up for CETV.
The Takeaway
Human ability and capability expands far beyond what is presently known. There are concepts regarding our reality and facts about the human experience that are still being revealed. We are literally living in apocalyptic times. ‘Apocalypse’ (ἀποκάλυψις) is a Greek word meaning ‘revelation,'”an unveiling or unfolding of things not previously known and which could not be known apart from the unveiling.’ (source)In today’s day and age, no matter how much evidence and empirical data supports a phenomenon, and no matter how obvious it may seem, if it conflicts with long held collective belief systems, it will always be rejected simply based on the implications it could have. This process of revelation is happening now, and although it’s slow and gradual, it has been accelerating.
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US Army Remote Viewers Say Ancient Bases Under Earth Are 'Relaying' Something into Space
US Army Remote Viewers Say Ancient Bases Under Earth Are 'Relaying' Something into Space
This has some untapped potential to move the public conversation forward on the UFO (and ancient ET) topic imo. It was declassified but has long been held offline, beyond the reach of the internet. Enjoy
Not widely known about, Project 8200 was an effort within the US Army’s remote viewing unit to verify claims of subterranean extraterrestrial bases made by CIA analyst Pat Price in the 1970s. *We obtained every ’82 to ’86-era declassified file of Project 8200, most of which were never officially reported to their higher-ups in the intelligence community. This is what the episode covers.* In 2009, ex-Stargate head Skip Atwater declassified all of this information at an International Remote Viewing Association (IRVA) conference, though only hard copies of his presentation are available offline.
What they show are the apparent confirmation by several other gifted remote viewers that a “network” of underground bases exists across the world for the purpose of “relaying” something into space. As elite viewer Joseph McMoneagle and Atwater discuss in these tapes, Project 8200 data suggests the locations relay information to a “deep space” platform of unknown origin, sitting on a sort of tether to Earth. It is not suggested in the file, but after review, we think it’s reasonable to ask if a Lagrange point (positions in space the Sun and the Earth’s gravity create islands of stability) explains why the object McMoneagle sees remains “fixed” there. The deep space platform is described as ancient but with new technology. Other viewers describe the bases as a strange mix of natural and artificial formations.
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Classic Disk UFO Seen Below Space Station On Live NASA Cam, April 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Classic Disk UFO Seen Below Space Station On Live NASA Cam, April 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 2020 Location of sighting: International Space Station At the 5 min mark in this video, Secureteam10 talks about a UFO seen at the space station on live cam. This UFO looks like a classic disk design. The metallic glint is unmistakable. It looks to be in lower orbit as the space station passes it in upper orbit. Awesome catch, very rare, but absolutely real. This is what NASA doe not want the public to see, but this UFO was so faint and so small, that I'm sure they missed it, especially since most NASA is at home on lock down, probably fooling around instead of doing real work. The first UFO sighting seen in this video has too high of detail and to little info about it for me to think its real. I don't believe the first video is real, however this second one on live cam...is real. Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
UFO Watches Over Paris, France On April 10, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Watches Over Paris, France On April 10, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 10, 2020 Location of sighting: Paris, France This UFO was reported by Youtube user HiddenUnderBelly. The UFO was reported of Paris this week and it seems to be holding its location and watching the citizens around it. At a moment in time when Paris is on lockdown from coronavirus, aliens seem to be taking interest in human behaviors. Perhaps aliens are trying to figure out if humans heed the rules of masks, social distancing and lock downs or not? This info would give them a predictive model of what will happen in the near future. Aliens pride themselves on their knowledge, so its understandable that UFO sightings are becoming more frequent at the moment. Scott C. Waring
US Army: Ancient Extraterrestrial Bases Under Earth Are 'Relaying' Something Into Space
US Army: Ancient Extraterrestrial Bases Under Earth Are 'Relaying' Something Into Space
Not widely known about, Project 8200 was an effort within the US Army's remote viewing unit to verify claims of subterranean extraterrestrial bases made by CIA analyst Pat Price in the 1970s.
We obtained every '82 to '86-era declassified file of Project 8200, most of which were never officially reported to their higher-ups in the intelligence community.
In 2009, ex-Stargate head Skip Atwater declassified all of this information at an International Remote Viewing Association (IRVA) conference, though only hard copies of his presentation are available offline: https://www.irva.org/conferences/speakers/atwater.html
What they show are the apparent confirmation by several other gifted remote viewers that a "network" of underground bases exists across the world for the purpose of "relaying" something into space.
As elite viewer Joseph McMoneagle and Atwater discuss in these tapes, Project 8200 data suggests the locations relay information to a "deep space" platform of unknown origin, sitting on a sort of tether to Earth.
It is not suggested in the file, but after review, we think it's reasonable to ask if a Lagrange point (positions in space the Sun and the Earth's gravity create islands of stability) explains why the object McMoneagle sees remains "fixed" there.
The deep space platform is described as ancient but with new technology. Other viewers describe the bases as a strange mix of natural and artificial formations.
Purple Celestial Body Spotted Next To The Sun And The Moon
Purple Celestial Body Spotted Next To The Sun And The Moon
The celestial body was caught live going by the sun as we will see in this video, then it got smaller and going by the moon as it was leaving the Solar System.
Even though the object looks like a UFO disguised as a rock, Bruce is convinced that this purple object is an asteroid or a small unknown celestial body and that's what we are going to look at.
Lights in the sky above Kalamazoo, Michigan 7-Apr-2020
Lights in the sky above Kalamazoo, Michigan 7-Apr-2020
This UFO sighting video of an unknown lights flying across the night sky above Kalamazoo, Mi was filmed on Tuesday, 7th April 2020. It was submitted to us through our Facebook page.
The author said: “This isn’t the first I’ve seen but it is the first I caught…“
(April 9th, 2020: Please see the end of this release for an added note discussing the possibility of systematic errors.)
One of the fundamental ideas of cosmology is that everything looks the same in all directions if you look over large enough distances. A new study using data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA's XMM-Newton is challenging that basic notion.
Astronomers using X-ray data from these orbiting observatories studied hundreds of galaxy clusters, the largest structures in the universe held together by gravity, and how their apparent properties differ across the sky.
"One of the pillars of cosmology — the study of the history and fate of the entire universe — is that the universe is 'isotropic,' meaning the same in all directions," said Konstantinos Migkas of the University of Bonn in Germany, who led the new study. "Our work shows there may be cracks in that pillar."
Astronomers generally agree that after the Big Bang, the cosmos has continuously expanded. A commonly analogy is that this expansion is like a baking loaf of raisin bread. As the bread bakes, the raisins (which represent cosmic objects like galaxies and galaxy clusters) all move away from one another as the entire loaf (representing space) expands. With an even mix the expansion should be uniform in all directions, as it should be with an isotropic universe. But these new results may not fit that picture.
"Based on our cluster observations we may have found differences in how fast the universe is expanding depending on which way we looked," said co-author Gerrit Schellenberger of the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. "This would contradict one of the most basic underlying assumptions we use in cosmology today."
Scientists have previously conducted many tests of whether the universe is the same in all directions. These included using optical observations of exploded stars and infrared studies of galaxies. Some of these previous efforts have produced possible evidence that the universe is not isotropic, and some have not.
This latest test uses a powerful, novel and independent technique. It capitalizes on the relationship between the temperature of the hot gas pervading a galaxy cluster and the amount of X-rays it produces, known as the cluster's X-ray luminosity. The higher the temperature of the gas in a cluster, the higher the X-ray luminosity is. Once the temperature of the cluster gas is measured, the X-ray luminosity can be estimated. This method is independent of cosmological quantities, including the expansion speed of the universe.
Once they estimated the X-ray luminosities of their clusters using this technique, scientists then calculated luminosities using a different method that does depend on cosmological quantities, including the universe's expansion speed. The results gave the researchers apparent expansion speeds across the whole sky — revealing that the universe appears to be moving away from us faster in some directions than others.
The team also compared this work with studies from other groups that have found indications of a lack of isotropy using different techniques. They found good agreement on the direction of the lowest expansion rate.
The authors of this new study came up with two possible explanations for their results that involve cosmology. One of these explanations is that large groups of galaxy clusters might be moving together, but not because of cosmic expansion. For example, it is possible some nearby clusters are being pulled in the same direction by the gravity of groups of other galaxy clusters. If the motion is rapid enough it could lead to errors in estimating the luminosities of the clusters.
These sorts of correlated motions would give the appearance of different expansion rates in different directions. Astronomers have seen similar effects with relatively nearby galaxies, at distances typically less than 850 million light years, where mutual gravitational attraction is known to control the motion of objects. However, scientists expected the expansion of the universe to dominate the motion of clusters across larger distances, up to the 5 billion light years probed in this new study.
A second possible explanation is that the universe is not actually the same in all directions. One intriguing reason could be that dark energy — the mysterious force that seems to be driving acceleration of the expansion of the universe — is itself not uniform. In other words, the X-rays may reveal that dark energy is stronger in some parts of the universe than others, causing different expansion rates.
"This would be like if the yeast in the bread isn't evenly mixed, causing it to expand faster in some places than in others," said co-author Thomas Reiprich, also of the University of Bonn. "It would be remarkable if dark energy were found to have different strengths in different parts of the universe. However, much more evidence would be needed to rule out other explanations and make a convincing case."
Either of these two cosmological explanations would have significant consequences. Many studies in cosmology, including X-ray studies of galaxy clusters, assume that the universe is isotropic and that correlated motions are negligible compared to the cosmic expansion at the distances probed here.
The team used a sample of 313 galaxy clusters for their analysis, containing 237 clusters observed by Chandra with a total of 191 days of exposure, and 76 observed by XMM-Newton, with a total of 35 days of exposure. They also combined their sample of galaxy clusters with two other large X-ray samples, using data from XMM-Newton and the Japan-US Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA), giving a total of 842 different galaxy clusters. They found a similar result using the same technique.
A paper describing these results will appear in the April 2020 issue of the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics and is available online. In addition to Migkas, Schellenberger and Reiprich, the authors of this paper are Florian Pacaud and Miriam Elizabeth Ramos-Ceja (University of Bonn), and Lorenzo Lovisari (CfA).
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center manages the Chandra program. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory's Chandra X-ray Center controls science and flight operations from Cambridge and Burlington, Massachusetts.
Other materials about the findings are available at:
In the original posting of this press release we did not mention the possibility of "systematic errors" explaining some or all of these results, rather than the two cosmological explanations we discuss. First author Konstantinos Migkas had explained an example of a possible systematic error in his blog post that accompanied the press release. A relevant excerpt is here:
"So did we tear down one of the most crucial pillars of cosmology? Not so fast, it is not that simple. At least two scenarios may have led us to wrong conclusions.
Firstly, cosmic material might interfere with the light that travels from the clusters to the Earth. For example, previously unknown gas and dust clouds beyond the Milky Way could obscure a fraction of photons emitted from the clusters. Since we ignore the possible existence of such clouds, we do not account for their interference, and hence we would falsely underestimate the true luminosity of the clusters. Eventually, we could mistake this for a cosmological effect. We performed several tests that led us to believe that this scenario seems unlikely, but not impossible. However, considering that the direction of the anisotropy we find agrees with other studies that used observations in light at different wavelengths, where such obscuring effects are not expected, one could argue against the possibility of such biases in our analysis."
Their peer reviewed and published paper considers this and several other possible systematic errors in detail, and will address other possibilities in a future peer-reviewed paper.
OPMERKELIJK: HET UNIVERSUM DIJT MOGELIJK NIET IN ALLE RICHTINGEN GELIJKMATIG UIT
OPMERKELIJK: HET UNIVERSUM DIJT MOGELIJK NIET IN ALLE RICHTINGEN GELIJKMATIG UIT
Vivian Lammerse
De studie veegt daarmee een lang aanvaarde theorie van tafel, waardoor we mogelijk ons huidige kosmologische model moeten herzien.
Astronomen zijn het er grotendeels met elkaar over eens dat de kosmos na de oerknal voortdurend uitdijde. Het betekent dat de afstand tussen sterrenstelsels in ons universum per seconde steeds een stukje groter wordt. Daarbij gaan wetenschappers er al decennia van uit dat het heelal zich in alle richtingen met dezelfde snelheid uitbreidt. Maar een nieuwe studie gepubliceerd in Astronomy & Astrophysics veegt die lang aanvaarde theorie nu hardvochtig tafel.
Rozijnencake De uitdijing van het universum kun je nog het beste vergelijken met een rozijnencake. Terwijl de cake – die het heelal vertegenwoordigt – in de oven bakt en uitzet, bewegen de rozijnen – die kosmische objecten zoals sterrenstelsels voorstellen – van elkaar vandaan. Met een gelijkmatige mengsel zou de cake in alle richtingen op dezelfde manier uit moeten zetten, net als bij een isotroop universum. En daar gingen astronomen al decennia lang van uit.
Onderzoekers besloten de zogenaamde ‘isotroophypothese’ over het universum uit te dagen. Want klopt het eigenlijk wel dat het heelal gelijkmatig in alle richtingen uitdijt? “We hebben gekeken naar meer dan 800 clusters in het huidige heelal,” vertelt onderzoeker Konstantinos Migkas. “Als de isotroophypothese correct is, zouden de eigenschappen van de clusters overal hetzelfde zijn. Maar we zagen al gauw significante verschillen.”
Vier van de honderden clusters die in de studie werden geanalyseerd.
Afbeelding: NASA/CXC/Univ. of Bonn/K. Migkas et al.
De astronomen gebruikten röntgen temperatuurmetingen van het extreem hete gas dat doordringt in de sterrenhopen en vergeleken de gegevens met hoe helder de sterrenhopen verschijnen. Clusters met dezelfde temperatuur en op een vergelijkbare afstand zouden er – volgens de theorie – even helder uit moeten zien. Maar dat is niet wat de onderzoekers opmerkten. “We zagen dat clusters met dezelfde eigenschappen en met vergelijkbare temperaturen in de ene richting veel minder helder leken dan verwacht, terwijl ze in een andere richting juist veel helderder waren,” vertelt Thomas Reiprich. “Het verschil was behoorlijk groot, ongeveer dertig procent.”
Verklaringen De onderzoekers besloten op zoek te gaan naar mogelijke verklaringen. Want wellicht dat onopgemerkte gas- of stofwolken het zicht belemmerden, waardoor de clusters in een bepaald gebied donkerder leken. Dat bleek echter niet het geval. Ook enkele andere oorzaken die de nieuwe studieresultaten zouden kunnen ontkrachten werden onderzocht, maar van tafel geveegd. Het betekent dat het universum wellicht echt ongelijkmatig uitdijt. Maar wat ligt hieraan ten grondslag? De wetenschappers speculeren nu dat mogelijk donkere energie een vinger in de pap heeft. Het grootste deel van het universum bestaat mogelijk uit deze mysterieuze vorm van energie, al weten we hier op dit moment nog niet veel van af. Het enige dat wetenschappers veronderstellen is dat donkere energie op de een of andere manier verantwoordelijk is voor de versnelling van de uitdijing van het universum. In dit geval zou het kunnen dat donkere energie in sommige delen van het universum sterker is dan in andere delen, waardoor er mogelijk verschillen ontstaan in hoe snel het universum in bepaalde richtingen uitdijt.
Een kaart van de snelheid van de uitdijing van het heelal in verschillende richtingen.
Afbeelding: K. Migkas et al. 2020, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Gevolgen De bevindingen hebben grote gevolgen. Want tot op heden gingen onderzoekers er eigenlijk standaard vanuit dat het universum isotroop is. “Als het heelal echt anisotroop is – al was het maar in de afgelopen paar miljard jaar – dan zou dit enorme gevolgen hebben,” zegt Migkas. “Wanneer we de eigenschappen van objecten analyseren moet er namelijk rekening gehouden worden met de richting van elk object. Vandaag schatten we bijvoorbeeld de afstand tot zeer verre objecten in het heelal door een reeks kosmologische parameters en vergelijkingen toe te passen. We geloven dat deze parameters overal hetzelfde zijn. Maar als onze bevindingen juist zijn, dan zou dat niet meer op gaan en moeten we dus al onze eerdere conclusies herzien.”
Of dat ook echt nodig is, zal toekomstig onderzoek moeten uitwijzen. “De bevindingen zijn echt interessant, maar de steekproef in de studie is nog relatief klein om zulke verstrekkende conclusies te trekken,” zegt René Laureijs van ESA. “Als we het algemeen aanvaarde kosmologische model echt zouden moeten heroverwegen, hebben we meer gegevens nodig.” En die gaan er wellicht ook komen. ESA’s aankomende telescoop Euclid is ontworpen om miljarden sterrenstelsels in beeld te brengen. Deze telescoop zal in staat zijn om de uitdijing van het universum, de versnelling en de aard van donkere energie nauwkeuriger dan ooit te onderzoeken. De lancering van de telescoop staat gepland voor 2022. We wachten gespannen af of deze telescoop het grote mysterie in toekomst zou kunnen helpen oplossen.
MEDICIJN GEVONDEN DAT HET NIEUWE CORONAVIRUS BINNEN 48 UUR UITSCHAKELT
MEDICIJN GEVONDEN DAT HET NIEUWE CORONAVIRUS BINNEN 48 UUR UITSCHAKELT
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Het medicijn – dat nu gebruikt wordt om parasieten te bestrijden – lijkt in ieder geval in het laboratorium veelbelovend.
Tot die conclusie komen onderzoekers van Monash University nadat ze het middel in het laboratorium loslieten op cellen die met het virus geïnfecteerd waren. De experimenten wijzen uit dat het middel het virus binnen 48 uur kan doden. “We ontdekten dat een enkele dosis in 48 uur tijd in feite al het virale RNA verwijderde en dat er zelfs na 24 uur al sprake was van een significante afname van het virus,” aldus onderzoeker Kylie Wagstaff.
Meer onderzoek Of dit dan de behandeling is waar talloze patiënten wereldwijd naar smachten? Die conclusie zul je Wagstaff nog niet zo snel horen trekken. Het is namelijk belangrijk om je te realiseren dat deze resultaten enkel in het laboratorium geboekt zijn. Of het middel in vivo – oftewel in het menselijk lichaam – hetzelfde resultaat heeft, is nog onduidelijk. “We moeten nu uitzoeken of de dosis waarin je het aan mensen kunt toedienen, effectief is. Dat is de volgende stap.”
Over ivermectine Wagstaff en collega’s bogen zich al snel nadat het nieuwe coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 tot een pandemie uitgroeide, over het betreffende geneesmiddel: ivermectine. Het medicijn wordt nu ingezet om parasieten te bestrijden. Zo krijgen mensen het bijvoorbeeld voorgeschreven bij worminfecties. Maar eerdere studies hebben al uitgewezen dat het in vitro – oftewel buiten het lichaam, in kweekculturen in het lab – ook wel raad weet met een breed scala aan virussen, waaronder zika en het influenzavirus. En dat bracht Wagstaff en collega’s op het idee om het middel ook los te laten op het nieuwe coronavirus.
Hoe werkt het? Het levert in ieder geval in het laboratorium veelbelovende resultaten op. Hoe het middel in de petrischaaltjes van Wagstaff en collega’s precies afrekent met het virus is niet onderzocht. Maar de wetenschappers hebben daar – afgaand op wat ze het middel eerder met andere virussen hebben zien doen – wel ideeën over. Ons immuunsysteem maakt normaliter korte metten met lichaamsvreemde stoffen, zoals virussen. Om toch cellen te kunnen infecteren, onderdrukt het nieuwe coronavirus die immuunrespons, waardoor onze cellen er minder goed in slagen om het virus op te ruimen. En ivermectine lijkt er kort gezegd voor te zorgen dat het virus er niet meer in slaagt om onze cellen ervan te weerhouden het virus op te ruimen.
Vervolgonderzoek Als uit vervolgonderzoek blijkt dat het middel ook in het menselijk lichaam wel raad weet met SARS-CoV-2 dan kan het in theorie snel gaan. Omdat ivermectine al een bestaand en dus goedgekeurd en veilig bevonden medicijn is, kan het in principe snel worden ingezet om geïnfecteerde patiënten te behandelen. Zover is het echter nog niet, zo blijven Wagstaff en collega’s benadrukken. Eerst moet er in het laboratorium nog meer onderzoek worden gedaan en dan pas kan er na worden gedacht over klinisch onderzoek, waarbij het middel op mensen wordt getest. En om dat alles mogelijk te maken, is heel dringend geld nodig.
Malariamedicijn Op dit moment is er geen effectieve behandeling voor mensen die met SARS-CoV-2 besmet zijn geraakt. Artsen behandelen momenteel dan ook noodgedwongen de symptomen. Onderzoekers wereldwijd werken hard om daar verandering in te brengen. Zij kijken daarbij – vanwege de urgente vraag naar een behandeling – het liefst naar bestaande medicijnen. Zo werd eerder al geopperd dat een bestaand malariamedicijn kon helpen in de behandeling tegen COVID-19. Maar wetenschappelijke studies naar de effectiviteit van het middel leveren tot op heden uiteenlopende resultaten op. Er is tot op heden dus geen hard bewijs dat dit geneesmiddel het verschil kan maken.
Dat een effectieve behandeling tegen COVID-19 hard nodig is, staat buiten kijf. Wereldwijd is het virus inmiddels bij meer dan 1,2 miljoen mensen officieel vastgesteld. En bijna 70.000 mensen zijn aan de gevolgen van het virus overleden. Lang leek China – het land waarin het virus voor het eerst opdook – het hardst te zijn getroffen, maar inmiddels tellen de VS, Spanje, Italië, Duitsland en Frankrijk meer officiële besmettingen dan China. In Nederland zijn meer dan 17.000 besmettingen bevestigd en 1766 mensen zijn aan de gevolgen van het virus overleden. Maatregelen bedoeld om de verspreiding van het virus af te remmen, lijken ondertussen hun vruchten af te werpen. Onduidelijk is nog hoelang die maatregelen – of in ieder geval een deel ervan – in stand moeten worden gehouden om het virus echt onder controle te houden. Deskundigen sluiten niet uit dat onze samenleving er zeker nog 12 tot 18 maanden anders uit zal zien dan in pre-COVID-19-tijden.
Cryptic Snake-Like Structure in Peru Spotted by Google Earth User
Cryptic Snake-Like Structure in Peru Spotted by Google Earth User
Southern Peru is famous for UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site the Nazca Lines, which represent a group of giant and ancient geoglyphs. However, something even more mysterious and unexplainable have now been spotted close to the site by one curious Google Earth user.
Some cryptic shapes and patterns were spotted by Google Earth enthusiast 30-40 kilometres North East from the famous Nazca Lines in Peru. The user published a video of his mysterious discovery on YouTube, and the image immediately attracted thousands of views in just several days, with observers rushing to express their astonishment with the finding.
The patterns spotted by the Google Earth admirer included strange “football pitch”-sized circles in a deserted mountain ridge nearby Uchumarca, as well as a cryptic snake-like structure, which he described as a “serpent”. He also noted in the video that it was difficult to understand whether the pattern was occurring naturally or was a human-designed structure.
“The ‘serpent’ just really jumped right out at me”, the Google Earth user wrote on YouTube after his video was published. “It's either a very large natural formation or a manmade artificial site like the serpent mound in Ohio. Other than that - I got nothin'. Very interesting”.
“Very cool find my friend. Definitely looks like a petrified serpant to me”, one of the video viewers commented on the finding.
“Yo that snake was so eye popping, it def looks man made but the scale of it, im amazed by it”, another YouTuber added.
Despite a flow of comments and speculations about what could have caused such exotic shapes in one of the highest elevations in the area, the truth behind the origin of giant patterns still remains a mystery.
The Nazca Lines, which lie close to the analysed site, are a group of geoglyphs which are believed to be created around 2000 years ago. They are located in southern Peru and are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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