Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
16-10-2021
UFOs, Secret Experiments, or a Combination of Both?
UFOs, Secret Experiments, or a Combination of Both?
My previous article expanded further on the matter of the Roswell affair of 1947 having been a domestic, Top Secret experiment, rather than being the crash of a UFO from another world. And, this one will expand things even more. The late Leonard Stringfield, who passed away in 1994, was a UFO researcher who firmly believed that, since the 1940s, the U.S. Government had secretly recovered a number of crashed UFOs and dead aliens, and which were stored and preserved a variety of military bases across the country – many at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Stringfield, too, however, was given a number of accounts relative to the issue of secret and shocking human experimentation on handicapped people; experimentation that was tied in with the Roswell affair. One of those stories came to Stringfield from a highly controversial figure in Ufology. His name was Timothy Cooper, a resident of Big Bear Lake, California and someone who exited the field of UFO research years ago. Far more than a few people in Ufology have very little time for Cooper, suspecting that many of the documents he supplied to the UFO community in the mid-1990s were bogus, rather than the highly classified papers that they were purported to be. They were bogus; there is no doubt about that. But, Cooper himself was not the forger. It’s the “pre-documents” era we have to take a look at, however. It paints a very different picture of Cooper to that which many ufologists have accepted.
Tim Cooper claimed to Stringfield in 1990 that he had numerous sources of the old-timer kind – some of who assured Cooper that, yes, aliens really did crash outside of Roswell in the summer of 1947. Others, however, quietly hinted to Cooper that the truth was far more controversial: a scenario involving human guinea-pigs – Japanese and handicapped individuals – and the creation of UFO-themed disinformation programs and faked, pro-UFO documents to hide the down-to-earth truth of the Roswell enigma. Also in 1990, Cooper supplied Stringfield one specific story which Stringfield decided to firmly keep under wraps until the following year, 1991, when he published it in a lengthy report on tales of crashed and secretly retrieved alien spacecraft. The story concerned a woman who Cooper first crossed paths with in 1989. He described her only as a nurse, and gave her the pseudonym of “Mary.”
In Cooper’s own words of 1990, and which Stringfield published: “She casually mentioned to me over coffee that ‘bodies’ were being flown to Los Alamos periodically from late 1945 to sometime in 1947. I asked her if she had seen these ‘bodies’ and she said no, but others had. I asked her where these ‘bodies’ were coming from. She said she did not know but it was rumored that they were human experiments for biological and nuclear medicine research. She thought they may have come from Japan after the war [italics mine]. I asked her why she thought that. She said that they were small bodies with deformed heads and limbs. The eyes were abnormally big, she was told. She did have some view of them in the morgue very briefly for a few minutes at some distance. I asked her why she was allowed to be present at the autopsies. She told me that she was asked to assist in the preparation and cleanup. I asked her again about the bodies. She said they were being flown in on special transport planes equipped with refrigerator units to keep the bodies from decomposing. The flesh was badly burned and charred. There was no hair on the heads and had a grayish-yellow color. That’s all she knew.”
Like it or like it not, the Roswell affair is becoming more and more a top secret experiment, and much less a crashed UFO from another world.
One of the newest and most mysterious sky events is the fast radio burst – a brief pulse of intense energy of varying length and frequency coming usually from other galaxies but occasionally originating in the Milky Way. As astronomers became better at picking them up, their strange behavior became stranger instead of explainable.
A good example is FRB121102 – first detected in 2012 in the direction of Auriga in the northern hemisphere using the Arecibo radio telescope. Since then, it has became the most active FRB and the target of the aptly-named Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) in southwest China, which recently tallied the number of FRBs from FRB121102 and came up with a shocking total.
The completed Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) as seen from the air. Credit: Chinese Academy of Sciences)
“Here we report the detection of 1,652 independent bursts with a peak burst rate of 122 h−1, in 59.5 hours spanning 47 days.”
The journal Nature reports that FAST users Prof. LI Di and Dr. Wang Pei from National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) watched as FRB121102 emitted 1,652 independent bursts during the 47 days between Aug. 29 and Oct. 29, 2019. That’s a record for the largest set of fast radio bursts and raises a number of questions, with the most obvious being, “What the heck is sending those fast radio bursts?”
“The total energy of this burst set already adds up to 3.8% of what is available from a magnetar and no periodicity was found between 1 ms and 1000 s, both of which severely constrains the possibility that FRB 121102 comes from an isolated compact object.”
In a press release, Dr. Wang Pei rejects the magnetar theory (magnetars are highly magnetized neutron stars) because emitting this amount of energy would probably destroy it. However, FRB 121102 was the first known repeater and now the most active, so if they’re not coming form one source, it’s a lot of sources in one tight formation – and those sources are pretty efficient at what they do.
“The high burst rate also implies that FRBs must be generated with a high radiative efficiency, disfavouring emission mechanisms with large energy requirements or contrived triggering conditions.”
That’s science-speak for ”We know what it isn’t, but we still don’t know what it is.” One thing Li Di and the rest of the researchers do know is this:
“As the world’s largest antenna, FAST’s sensitivity proves to be conducive to revealing intricacies of cosmic transients, including FRBs.”
Pat yourself on the back, Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope – you’re proving yourself to be more than just the world’s largest bowl of leaves.
Asteroids in our Solar System are very common as there are an estimated 1.1 to 1.9 million of them that have a diameter larger than 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter – there are millions more smaller asteroids. And now, astronomers using the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) have photographed the 42 biggest asteroids that are located in the asteroid belt.
This is actually the first time ever that so many asteroids have been photographed in such great quality as explained by Pierre Vernazza from the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille in France, “Only three large main belt asteroids, Ceres, Vesta and Lutetia, have been imaged with a high level of detail so far, as they were visited by the space missions Dawn and Rosetta of NASA and the European Space Agency, respectively,” adding, “Our ESO observations have provided sharp images for many more targets, 42 in total.”
Vesta
(Via Wikipedia)
The majority of the 42 asteroids are larger than 100 kilometers (62 miles). The two largest asteroids are Ceres and Vesta which have a diameter of approximately 940 and 520 kilometers, respectively (584 and 323 miles, respectively). The two smallest asteroids, Urania and Ausonia, each measure approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles).
And not all of them look alike as astronomers have put them in two different categories – those that are spherical in shape (like Ceres and Hygiea) and others that are more odd-looking and “elongated” such as the “dog-bone” asteroid Kleopatra.
Ceres
(Via Wikipedia)
Furthermore, the astronomers were able to calculate the masses of these asteroids and realized that they varied dramatically from one another. The four least dense asteroids (these include Sylvia and Lamberta) have a density of just 1.3 grams per cubic centimeter (about the same density as coal). The asteroids with the highest density (these include Psyche and Kalliope) have densities of 3.9 and 4.4 grams per cubic centimeter, respectively (they have a higher density than a diamond).
What this means is that the composition of each asteroid varies as explained by Josef Hanuš of the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, “Our observations provide strong support for substantial migration of these bodies since their formation. In short, such tremendous variety in their composition can only be understood if the bodies originated across distinct regions in the Solar System.” For example, the asteroids with the least amount of density would have formed past Neptune’s orbit and traveled inwards to where they are currently located. Their research was published in Astronomy & Astrophysics where it can be read in full.
Using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT) in Chile, astronomers have imaged 42 of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter. Never before had such a large group of asteroids been imaged so sharply. The observations reveal a wide range of peculiar shapes, from spherical to dog-bone, and are helping astronomers trace the origins of the asteroids in our Solar System.
These images have been captured with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope as part of a programme that surveyed 42 of the largest asteroids in our Solar System. They show Ceres and Vesta, the two largest objects in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, approximately 940 and 520 kilometres in diameter. These two asteroids are also the two most massive in the sample.
Credit: ESO/Vernazza et al./MISTRAL algorithm (ONERA/CNRS)
This poster shows 42 of the largest objects in the asteroid belt, located between Mars and Jupiter (orbits not to scale). The images in the outermost circle of this infographic have been captured with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope. The asteroid sample features 39 objects larger than 100 kilometres in diameter, including 20 larger than 200 kilometres. The poster highlights a few of the objects, including Ceres (the largest asteroid in the belt), Urania (the smallest one imaged), Kalliope (the densest imaged) and Lutetia, which was visited by the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission.
Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser/Vernazza et al./MISTRAL algorithm (ONERA/CNRS)
Although research into the Roswell affair didn’t take off big time until the mid-to-late 1970s, the 1960s were not without significance when it comes to the case. For example, in 1966, Frank Edwards’ book Flying Saucers – Serious Business was published Chapter four of the book is titled “Pick Up the Pieces.” Edwards said of the case: “There are such difficult cases as the rancher near Roswell, New Mexico, who phoned the Sheriff that a blazing disc-shaped object had passed over his house at low altitude and had crashed and burned on a hillside within view of the house. The sheriff called the military; the military came on the double quick. Newsmen were not permitted in the area. A week later, however, the government released a photograph of a service man holding up a box kite with an aluminum disc about the size of a large pie plate dangling from the bottom of the kite. This, the official report explained, was a device borne aloft on the kite and used to test radar gear by bouncing the signals off the pie pan. And this, we were told, was the sort of thing that had so excited the rancher. We were NOT told, however, how the alleged kite caught fire – nor why the military cordoned off the area while they inspected the wreckage of a burned-out kite with a non-inflammable pie pan tied to it.”
Kevin Randle said of Edwards’ version of events: “While the report was essentially correct in a gross sense, the details were nearly all wrong. But the point is that Edwards had exposed the Roswell case to a wide audience in 1966, when the book was published. Nearly everyone ignored the case because of the lack of detail, other than a location in the then small and anonymous town of Roswell.” Only three years later, however, the Roswell story was about to surface again. Not in the pages of a book, or even in the town of Roswell itself. The location was one most would never guess: a certain living-room in England. July 21, 1969 was a day on which history was made. That was the date on which Neil Armstrong became the very first member of the human race to set foot on our nearest neighbor, the Moon. History was also made in a very different way on that day, too. It may have been different, but it was no less important. For the person telling the story, it may have been even more important. July 21 was the day on which a notable revelation concerning Roswell surfaced. Not in the United States, as one might expect or assume, but right in the heart of the U.K.
(Nick Redfern)
The U.S. Government’s huge report on Roswell
The source of the story was Melvin E. Brown. He was a man who was stationed at the Roswell Army Air Field at the time of the mysterious crash in early July 1947. Several months later, however, Brown was given a brand new assignment. In England. It was while Brown was stationed in the United Kingdom that he met the woman who was destined to become his wife: Ada. The pair made a life for themselves in England and had three daughters. At the time of the Roswell affair, however, Brown was a sergeant in the military. Not only that, Brown – who passed away in 1986 – was a key figure in the Roswell story. Whether by accident or design, Brown chose July 21 as the day to reveal what he knew about a certain, amazing event that had occurred, back then, more than two decades earlier. One of Brown’s daughters – Beverly – said, years later: “In 1969, he told my sister and me that he was ordered to go out into the desert. He said that all available men were grabbed to go out to where a crashed saucer had come down…and there were several bodies.”
One of those who had the opportunity to interview Beverly in person was English UFO sleuth, Timothy Good, the author of the acclaimed Above Top Secret. She told him: “They had to form a ring around whatever it was they had to cover, and everything was put on trucks. They were told not to look and to take no notice, and were sworn to secrecy.” The story then got even more amazing, as Beverley revealed: “I can remember my dad saying he couldn’t understand why they wanted refrigerated trucks. And him and another guy had to sit on the back of a truck to take this stuff to a hangar. They were packed in ice. And he lifted up the tarpaulin and looked in, and saw three – or possibly two – dead bodies.” Tom Carey and Don Schmitt record that Beverly described the dead crew as having “big heads with slanted eyes.” In her interview with Tim Good, however, Beverly made a very intriguing and revealing statement. She said that the bodies her father saw back in ‘47 “…looked Asian [italics mine],” but had larger than normal heads and lacked any hair. “They looked a yellowy color.” There is also this from Beverly to Tim: “…they could have passed for Chinese [italics also mine].”
It is one thing to say that the bodies looked somewhat Asian; however, specifically stating that the bodies which Melvin Brown saw “could have passed for Chinese” strongly suggests they were extremely human-looking. There is a very good reason for that: they were human. Remember, too, that the “Chinese” comment was made to Beverly Bean by her father – nothing less than a first-hand witness to the bodies. And, as a first-hand source he should have known what it was that he saw. Near death in 1986, Brown told his family, “It was not a damn weather balloon.” No, it was not a weather balloon. But, it did involve human guinea-pigs. There was not a single extraterrestrial at Roswell. That’s because all of them were human. Aliens never crashed outside of Roswell.
More than 50 footprints have been found in the sand on the Greek Island of Crete and they are exceptionally old. While they were initially discovered in 2017, they have since been analyzed and confirmed as being more than 6 million years old. This means that they are the oldest ever footprints found of pre-humans (predecessors of early humans).
A team of international researchers from Greece, Germany, England, Egypt, and Sweden, which was led by Tübingen scientists Uwe Kirscher and Madelaine Böhme of the Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen, confirmed that the footprints were made by pre-humans.
The prints were fossilized in beach sediments and were discovered close to the west Cretan village of Trachilos. After their discovery, experts used micropaleontological and geophysical techniques in order to date them back to 6.05 million years ago.
(Not the footprints found in Crete)
This discovery has certainly provided experts with quite valuable information regarding the early evolution of using feet to move around as described by Per Ahlberg who is a professor at Uppsala University, “The oldest human foot used for upright walking had a ball, with a strong parallel big toe, and successively shorter side toes,” adding, “The foot had a shorter sole than Australopithecus. An arch was not yet pronounced and the heel was narrower.”
To put this into better perspective, the footprints are millions of years older than those made by the same species as the famous Lucy. “The tracks are almost 2.5 million years older than the tracks attributed to Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy) from Laetoli in Tanzania,” explained Uwe Kirscher. Furthermore, the tracks found in Crete are from the same time period as previous fossils found in Kenya belonging to the upright-walking species of Orrorin tugenensis; however, only femurs were found but no foot bones or even footprints.
(Not the footprints found in Crete)
Additionally, since Crete was connected to the Greek mainland 6 million years ago, the footprints could have been made by a pre-human species called Graecopithecus freybergi. In fact, remains belonging to the species were previously discovered in Athens, Greece, that dated back 7.2 million years. The study was published in Scientific Reports where it can be read in full.
A photo of one of the footprints can be seen here.
I found a gentlemen's top hat on Mars today. Nothing out of the ordinary really, just a regular old top hat laying on its side in the Martian soil. I believe it to made from metal or the local material stone and sculpted into a hat that once sat on top of a statue. Why is there a top hat on Mars you say? That is the million dollar question! Such things are suppose to be impossible, but yet, I completed several impossible things before lunch today. There is also a very interesting skull not far away from the hat. The skull is long and appears to be of a reptilian species...similar to Earths Tyrannosaurus Rex, but with smaller teeth. Since the skulls teeth are so small I actually cannot see them...I believe this skull was of a herbivore one that ate plants. Even NASA has said that NASA once had oceans on it and was green, until a solar burst from the sun hit Mars and swept its atmosphere, water away into space. It kinda makes sense. But the Top Hat...has me baffled. Sometimes...there are no answers...only more questions.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Cube Over Ocean Seen From Space Station, Oct 12, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Cube Over Ocean Seen From Space Station, Oct 12, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Oct 12, 2021 Location of sighting:Over Ocean, From ISS Source: NASA Live ISS cam
Seen On Oct 12, 2021, I noticed this strange shape over the ocean when using the space station live cam. The object is a cube UFO over the ocean. It may have recently come out of the ocean, leaving the ocean floor and getting ready to leave into space. The object is solid, square and has two smaller squares attached to it. This is 100% proof that UFOs can been seen from the Space Station.
These bright UFOs were caught on tape in Bronx, New York.
Witness report:
On Tuesday October 12th at approximately 7:50 PM EST in the Bronx I witnessed several orange lights appear in the sky. The video shared is one my friend took (my video was only about 7 seconds long). In the video the lights appear to move into a formation at one point. You can also see an airplane passing through the background which gives size/speed comparison.
The lights appear to move independently of each other and at varying speeds. Eventually the lights disappeared from view. This is my first time ever witnessing something of this sort and thought it would be worth a share.
NOG EENS 416(!) NIEUWE OBJECTEN ONTDEKT AAN DE RAND VAN ONS ZONNESTELSEL
NOG EENS 416(!) NIEUWE OBJECTEN ONTDEKT AAN DE RAND VAN ONS ZONNESTELSEL
Caroline Kraaijvanger
En dat met een instrument dat daar eigenlijk niet eens voor ontworpen is!
In de afgelopen zes jaar hebben onderzoekers met behulp van de Dark Energy Camera (DECam) op de Victor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope in Chili onder meer 300 miljoen sterrenstelsels bestudeerd en jacht gemaakt op supernovae en andere tijdelijke verschijnselen in het universum. En dat met maar één doel: meer inzicht krijgen in donkere energie (de mysterieuze drijvende kracht achter de versnelde uitdijing van het heelal).
Ontdekkingen in ons eigen zonnestelsel Maar de observaties van DECam bleken niet alleen heel geschikt voor het ontrafelen van één van de grootste mysterieus in de kosmologie. De beelden die de camera maakte, bleken onderzoekers ook in staat te stellen om jacht te maken op ons nog onbekende objecten in ons eigen zonnestelsel. Zo werd recent dankzij DECam nog een indrukwekkende komeet ontdekt: C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli-Bernstein. De komeet gaat met een omvang van zo’n 100 kilometer de boeken in als de grootste komeet die mensen ooit hebben gespot.
817 ontdekkingen in totaal.. En de komeet is lang niet het enige object dat dankzij DECam is ontdekt. In dit onderzoeksartikel maken onderzoekers nu DECam na zes jaar gestopt is met observeren, de balans op. En wat blijkt? De camera heeft in zes jaar tijd 815 Transneptunische objecten, 1 Centaur-planetoïde en 1 Oortwolkkomeet ontdekt.
..waarvan er 416 nog niet eerder beschreven zijn De ontdekking van veel van die objecten – zoals C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli-Bernstein – is eerder al publiekelijk gemaakt en dus niet echt nieuws. Maar dat geldt niet voor alle 817 objecten die DECam in de afgelopen zes jaar heeft ontdekt. In hun paper presenteren de onderzoekers namelijk 416 recent op beelden van DECam aangetroffen objecten waarvan de ontdekking nog niet bekend is gemaakt.
De ontdekkingstocht Aan de ontdekking van al die objecten is een behoorlijk arbeidsintensief proces voorafgegaan. Want in de wetenschap geldt: één waarneming is geen waarneming. Dus voor elk potentieel nieuw zonnestelselobject moest er gezocht worden naar aanvullend beeldmateriaal waarop datzelfde object acte de présence gaf. “We hebben een speciaal, extreem tijdrovend proces dat erop gericht is om deze objecten te vinden en waarbij we – onder honderd miljoen potentiële detecties – enkele tientallen detecties proberen aan te wijzen die bij één en hetzelfde object horen,” legde onderzoeker Pedro Bernardinelli (ontdekker van de naar hem vernoemde reuzenkomeet) eerder al aan Scientias.nl uit. Hoe arbeidsintensief dat proces is, wordt wel duidelijk als we Bernardinelli nog eens benaderen en vragen hoeveel tijd het hem gekost heeft om die laatste 416 objecten te vinden. “Ik denk dat het me een jaar gekost heeft,” zo vertelt hij. De meeste tijd ging daarbij zitten in het vinden van aanvullende beelden die de oorspronkelijke detectie konden bevestigen. “Dat duurde zo’n 9 maanden en vereiste 15 tot 20 miljoen computeruren. Gedurende die 9 maanden gebruikte ik nonstop meer dan 100 computers.”
Fantastisch resultaat Met de 416 nieuwe objecten komt het totale aantal door DECam ontdekte objecten dus op 817. Een fantastisch resultaat, zeker als je bedenkt dat DECam helemaal niet ontworpen is om nieuwe objecten in het zonnestelsel aan te wijzen. “Na de eerste verwerking van de beelden hoopten we voorzichtig dat we in totaal zo’n 500 objecten in het zonnestelsel zouden ontdekken. Dat zou al heel indrukwekkend zijn geweest.” Maar het werden er meer dan 800. “De laatste resultaten hebben ons aangenaam verrast.”
De grens is bereikt DECam is niet langer operationeel, maar zou het kunnen dat in de enorme dataset die deze heeft achtergelaten toch nog meer ons onbekende objecten schuilgaan? We vroegen het Bernardinelli. “Wij denken dat we de grens van wat met deze data mogelijk was, wel bereikt hebben en daar zijn we trots op.”
In de jacht op supernova-explosies maakte DECam tussen 2013 en 2019 elke week beelden van hetzelfde stukje van het heelal. Onderzoekers konden die beelden vervolgens naast elkaar leggen om te zoeken naar objecten buiten ons zonnestelsel waarvan de helderheid door de tijd heen verandert. Maar hoewel de focus op objecten buiten het zonnestelsel lag, was ook ons eigen zonnestelsel onderdeel van elke foto. En wanneer je maar genoeg beelden naast elkaar legt, moet het in principe mogelijk zijn om objecten te spotten die – terwijl ze hun baantjes om de zon trekken – door het gezichtsveld van DECam reizen. Zo kun je dus gewapend met beelden van DECam op jacht gaan naar nieuwe objecten aan de rand van het zonnestelsel. En hoewel die op de DECam-beelden in het gunstigste geval slechts vertegenwoordigd worden door enkele pixels licht kunnen onderzoekers daar al behoorlijk wat uit aflezen. “We kunnen de baan vaststellen,” vertelt Bernardinelli. “En uit de helderheid kunnen we aflezen hoeveel licht het object reflecteert, wat ons weer meer kan vertellen over de omvang. Ook maken we gebruik van meerdere filters, waardoor we licht in feite in verschillende kleuren zien en meer kunnen zeggen over de samenstelling van het oppervlak van deze objecten.”
Interessante exemplaren Van de meer dan 800 objecten die in de DECam-data zijn boven komen drijven, is de reuzenkomeet C/2014 UN271 volgens Bernardinelli veruit het meest interessante object. “Maar er zijn nog een paar gekke objecten,” vertelt hij. “Zo hebben we een object ontdekt dat op een afstand van 79 AU staat (Neptunus staat op 30 AU) en dat is het verste object uit het laatste deel van onze zoektocht. Dit object heeft bovendien een perihelium van 54 AU.” Het perihelium is het punt in de omloopbaan waarop het object het verst van de zon verwijderd is. En er zijn maar weinig objecten waarbij dat punt 54 keer verder van de zon verwijderd is dan de aarde. “En dan is er nog een ander interessant object met een inclinatie van 62 graden.” Dat betekent dat het omloopvlak van dit object een hoek van 62 graden maakt met het omloopvlak waarin de grote planeten cirkelen. “Daarmee heeft het object een veel grotere inclinatie dan de meeste andere objecten.”
Ze mogen dan niet allemaal even interessant zijn; waardevol zijn de meer dan 800 objecten die DECam heeft helpen ontdekken, stuk voor stuk. “De objecten die zich voorbij Neptunus bevinden zijn in de beginjaren van het zonnestelsel ontstaan en kunnen ons vertellen hoe het zonnestelsel – en dan met name de gasreuzen – ontstaan zijn.” Bernardinelli merkt daarbij op dat de objecten ingedeeld kunnen worden in verschillende populaties met elk hun eigen ontstaansgeschiedenis. “En die moeten we goed begrijpen alvorens we de vorming van het zonnestelsel kunnen reconstrueren.”
Hoe meer objecten er van de verschillende populaties ontdekt worden, hoe beter het is. Voor DECam is het doek gevallen, maar er zitten een paar interessante nieuwe observatieprojecten in de pijplijn. “Het belangrijkste project is de Legacy Survey of Space and Time van het Vera Rubin Observatory dat in 2023 van start gaat,” vertelt Bernardinelli. “Dit project zal de ons bekende populatie Transneptunische Objecten naar verwachting met een factor tien uitbreiden.”
William Shatner cried upon returning from space. The “overview effect” explains why
William Shatner cried upon returning from space. The “overview effect” explains why
The "overview effect," experienced by astronauts when they view the Earth from outer space, irrevocably changes your perspective as a human.
William Shatner, shown here immediately after leaving the Blue Origin capsule that took him into space and back, cannot hold back his tears or his emotions as he begins to recount his experience. (Credit: Global News TV)
KEY TAKEAWAYS
William Shatner, who played Captain Kirk in "Star Trek," flew to space on October 13, 2021, as part of Blue Origin's second flight.
Upon returning to Earth, he gave an emotional speech about the profound experience: an example of the overview effect that astronauts often feel.
This change in perspective concerning our terrestrial squabbles is, perhaps, something that all humans need, and deserve, to experience for themselves.
In all of human history, only a few thousand people have ever reached the final frontier: breaking the gravitational bonds of Earth and experiencing the wonders of being present in space. On October 13, 2021, William Shatner — best known as Star Trek’s Captain Kirk — became the oldest person, at age 90, to ever experience it. Almost immediately, he recounted a feeling that other astronauts have reported: a cognitive shift in awareness that’s known as the overview effect.
Reported by a large number of astronauts and cosmonauts, from the first person in space (Yuri Gagarin) right up through the most recent (Shatner), the sense of compassion and fragility for all of humanity, and perhaps even all life on Earth, is something that you have to experience for yourself to truly understand. While most of us will only get a sense of that feeling of going to space secondhand, through pictures and videos, it cannot reproduce the lived experience of those who’ve been there. At this crucial moment in human civilization, we should all be listening to the message brought back from those who’ve ventured beyond our planet’s boundaries.
On Feb. 12, 1984, astronaut Bruce McCandless ventured further away from the confines and safety of his ship than any previous astronaut had ever been. This space first was made possible by a nitrogen jet propelled backpack. The contrast between the safety and the life-giving nature of Earth and the lifeless abyss of deep space appears in stark relief in this image. (Credit: NASA)
What is the overview effect?
Coined by Frank White in 1987, the overview effect describes what the spaceflight experience, for lack of a better term, awakens in those who venture into space and view Earth. As White writes:
“There are no borders or boundaries on our planet except those that we create in our minds or through human behaviors. All the ideas and concepts that divide us when we are on the surface begin to fade from orbit and the moon. The result is a shift in worldview, and in identity.”
There are some fundamental truths about our reality that we all intellectually know, but rarely experience. We tend to view Earth as divided into various distinct pieces. We do this so naturally that we rarely stop to think about it, but we frequently talk about:
oceans and land masses
the seven continents
the different countries, states, cities, and neighborhoods
people who are “like us” and “different from us”
We do all this despite the fact that we know that there is much, much more that unites us than divides. Earth is one interconnected system. What we do, both as individuals and as a human civilization, is deeply tied to all that transpires on our planet.
The first view with human eyes of the Earth rising over the limb of the Moon. The discovery of the Earth from space, with human eyes, remains one of the most iconic achievements in our species’ history. Apollo 8, which occurred during December of 1968, was one of the essential precursor missions to a successful Moon landing, and one of the most unifying achievements for all of humanity. (Credit: NASA/Apollo 8)
Perhaps no photograph better encapsulates that feeling than the one above: the famous “Earthrise” photo from the Apollo 8 mission, the first crewed mission to reach and travel behind the moon. For about 45 minutes, the astronauts were cut off from all communications on Earth, as no radio signals could be either transmitted or received. And then, as the spacecraft reemerged from behind the moon, there it was, coming up over the limb of the moon: our own planet, Earth, tiny, distant, fragile, and blue, just hanging there in the abyss of space. For the first time, human eyes glimpsed our world from the perspective of another. The feeling the astronauts experienced was beyond breathtaking.
Three astronauts were aboard that flight: Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and Bill Anders. As Anders most famously put it, “We came all this way to explore the moon, and the most important thing is that we discovered the Earth.” But it was Borman, the mission commander, who perhaps best described the overview effect, describing an internal feeling that most of us have never experienced for ourselves,
“When you’re finally up at the moon looking back on earth, all those differences and nationalistic traits are pretty well going to blend, and you’re going to get a concept that maybe this really is one world and why the hell can’t we learn to live together like decent people.”
There are an enormous number of changes that occur in your perspective when you make that journey to space yourself. Upon launch, you feel yourself accelerated upwards with a force that significantly exceeds Earth’s gravity, similar to a roller coaster or a car accelerating from rest with the gas pedal pressed to the floor. Only, instead of lasting for just a few seconds, the acceleration continues, unabated, for minutes at a time. As you rise, higher and higher, the color of the sky begins to fade away, from cyan to blue to a deep, dark black: darker than any black you’ll experience peering up at Earth’s night sky. From above the Earth’s atmosphere, every star is a steady point of light; the stars will have ceased to twinkle.
And then, as described by so many, you see it. You look back at where you came from — back at planet Earth — and you get this grand perspective of our home planet. You witness the thin atmosphere, with a smattering of ever-changing clouds, above the blue oceans and the darker land masses. You recognize how interdependent everything that occurs on our world is on the environment, and how rare and precious that environment is. Most of all, you simultaneously feel both the insignificance and the great significance of existence. Our planet’s locations and properties, as well as the richness of life transpiring down below, may truly be unique in all the universe. There’s a sense of urgency that’s often described as well: if we don’t start taking proper care of the Earth, we will run the risk of pushing all that we hold dear and precious to a premature extinction.
This view of the Earth was captured by the Apollo 17 crew: Gene Cernan, Harrison Schmitt, and Ron Evans. The photograph extends from the Mediterranean sea (at top) all the way down to the Antarctic polar cap (at bottom). In all the known universe, only Earth, thus far, is home to life. (Credit: NASA / Apollo 17)
What have other astronauts experienced?
In 1961 — a full 60 years ago — Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space. Upon his return, many expected him to emerge with a message of pro-Soviet Union propaganda, but instead he began remarking on the beauty of Earth and the feelings in his heart. “Orbiting Earth in the spaceship, I saw how beautiful our planet is. People, let us preserve and increase this beauty, not destroy it!”
In the decades since, across nationalities and time, those same sentiments have been echoed by so many who’ve left the bonds of Earth to briefly venture into the grand abyss of space.
Roger Chaffee, the Apollo 1 astronaut who tragically perished in a launchpad fire, dreamed of a future where everyone could share in the perspective gained by those who were fortunate enough to experience it for themselves. “The world itself looks cleaner and so much more beautiful. Maybe we can make it that way — the way God intended it to be — by giving everyone, eventually, that new perspective from out in space.”
After completing the first extra-vehicular activity on the lunar surface, what we more commonly refer to as a moonwalk, Neil Armstrong returned to the safety of the lunar module, where Buzz Aldrin took this picture of Neil with tears in his eyes, overcome with emotion. (Credit: NASA/Apollo 11/Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.)
Almost every photo from the Apollo 11 mission was taken by Neil Armstrong, meaning that almost every photo of an astronaut on the moon from that mission is Buzz Aldrin, not Neil Armstrong. But this photo, above, shows Neil as he appeared after completing his first historic steps on the moon, with tears in his eyes. He remembered his time walking on the moon’s surface: “It suddenly struck me that that tiny pea, pretty and blue, was the Earth. I put up my thumb and shut one eye, and my thumb blotted out the planet Earth. I didn’t feel like a giant. I felt very, very small.”
Astronauts also commonly describe a different visceral feeling that you might not expect: one of frustration and being called to action. As Edgar Mitchell, Apollo 14 astronaut, recounted, “You develop an instant global consciousness, a people orientation, an intense dissatisfaction with the state of the world, and a compulsion to do something about it. From out there on the moon, international politics look so petty. You want to grab a politician by the scruff of the neck and drag him a quarter of a million miles out and say, ‘Look at that, you son of a bitch.’”
This view of the Earth comes to us courtesy of NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft, which had to perform flybys of Earth and Venus in order to lose enough energy to reach its ultimate destination: Mercury. The round, rotating Earth and its features are undeniable. (Credit: NASA/MESSENGER)
This set of feelings has been echoed by many, from moonwalkers to ISS and space shuttle astronauts to civilian space tourists. Some other astronaut perspectives include:
Michael Lopez-Algeria: “A…faceplate is all that separates our eyes from the void…I cannot imagine any other experience that could approach this one. Curiously, I found that when outside I was much more moved by nature and less drawn to particular places. The perspective is so much greater that zooming in on a city seems uninteresting.”
Nicole Stott: “It surprises you every time you look out, even if you are looking at the same place that you flew over before. This kind of very dynamic, ever-changing appearance of the place that gives it the appearance that it’s alive.”
Joseph Allen: “I’ve known every cosmonaut and every astronaut…without exception, every one of them cannot get over the beauty of seeing planet Earth. It just takes your breath away and… you just cannot take your eyes off the Earth. It just is so beautiful.”
Anousheh Ansari: “The actual experience exceeds all expectations and is something that’s hard to put to words … It sort of reduces things to a size that you think everything is manageable … All these things that may seem big and impossible … We can do this. Peace on Earth? No problem. It gives people that type of energy … that type of power, and I have experienced that.”
Ed White: “I’m coming back in… and it’s the saddest moment of my life.”
And yet, it’s perhaps up to William Shatner, the oldest person ever to travel to space at age 90, to put it in terms that most of us can viscerally relate to.
William Shatner, upon returning to Earth from his October 13, 2021 flight into space, attempts to recount his experience and the feelings and awakening it inspired within him. (Credit: Global News TV)
What can William Shatner’s experience teach us?
Being moved to tears is a common experience described by astronauts, going all the way back to Alan Shepard: the first American astronaut in space. Shatner, upon his return to Earth, recounted the following message of gratitude, hope, and the profoundly deep emotions he was feeling:
“Everybody in the world needs to do this. Everybody in the world needs to see this. [It’s] unbelievable… To see the blue color rip by you and now you’re staring into blackness, that’s the thing… the covering of blue. This sheet, this blanket, this comforter of blue we have around us, we say ‘oh, that’s blue sky,’ and then suddenly you shoot through it all of a sudden, like you rip the sheet off of you when you’re asleep, and you’re looking into blackness, into black ugliness, and you look down and there’s the blue down there and the black up there … there is mother and Earth and comfort and there’s, is there death? I don’t know? Was that death? Is that the way death is? Whup! And it’s gone. It was so moving to me. This experience, it’s something unbelievable.”
Today, you can venture up high enough to photograph the Earth’s curvature for a cost of just $150 (and with a much better camera than was available in the 1940s) if you’re a DIY kind of person. The photograph here comes from a balloon-borne MIT student project from 2009, which didn’t cross the Karman line but still reveals the contrast of Earth’s ‘blue’ with space’s ‘black.’ (Credit: Oliver Yeh, Justin Lee, and Eric Newton, formerly of MIT)
The feelings he describes — of the fleetingness of being alive on Earth, of the preciousness of the time we have and the location we’re lucky enough to inhabit — go far beyond our terrestrial concerns. After describing the enormity and the suddenness, and the change in the color of the blackness of space compared with the blue that is our home, Shatner continued:
“I can’t even begin to express. What I would love to do is to communicate as much as possible the jeopardy, the moment you see the vulnerability of everything, it’s so small. This air, which is keeping us alive, is thinner than your skin. It’s a sliver. It’s immeasurably small when you think in terms of the universe. It’s negligible, this air. Mars doesn’t have any. And when you think about… the oxygen, the 20% [of the atmosphere] that sustains our life, it’s so thin! To dirty it… I mean, that’s another whole… .”
“If everybody… it would be so important for everybody to have that experience through one means or another… we all hugged each other, you know you share, it’s like being in battle together, and there is this bonding of being in battle. But you’re also in battle inside yourself. Oh my goodness, I have had an experience.”
From aboard the ISS, the various layers of our atmosphere, the transient clouds present within it, and the filtered light from our Sun passing through it make up one of the 16 sunrises and sunsets that astronauts on board experience daily. The atmosphere makes up less than 1% of the Earth, by radius. (Credit: Fyodor Yurchikhin/Russian Space Agency)
On Earth, we often feel pressure to overfocus on the mundane concerns of everyday life. If we’re not careful, they can fill up all of our time, energy, and mental space, leaving us very little room to contemplate what’s truly, vitally important to ourselves in this world. Even something as fleeting as a 10-minute flight — taking the crew some 100 kilometers (62 miles) up — can be a life-changing experience, putting the minutiae of our experience into a context that flips our daily concerns on their heads.
As you can see from watching Shatner’s video yourself, he’s trying to communicate an experience that words cannot encapsulate. There’s a sensation, an emotion, a perspective, that perhaps is only accessible to people who’ve seen it and lived it for themselves: the preciousness, the rarity, the fragility of all that we have here, around us, and that life as we know it has only one home: Earth. Everywhere else seems to be a vast abyss of lifeless emptiness, except for right here. And perhaps, if we can bring ourselves to treat our home with the care that it requires, we’ll find a kind of fulfillment, contentment, and broad, long-term perspective that will bring about the civilization we’ve struggled to create for so long.
The takeaways from all of this are unambiguous. But we have to choose to listen to what the explorers who’ve gone before us have reported. When they talk about developing an instant global consciousness, they’re talking about having a set of epiphanies all at once. They experience the recognition that everything we view as borders or boundaries are artificial; there are no inherent geographical lines separating humans. They witness firsthand how unfamiliar the environment of space is, and how everything they’ve known, loved, or experienced exists “down there” on that tiny, isolated, and fragile blue ball.
The act of going to space is always a remarkable demonstration of our profound technological achievements as a species. However, the internal shift that happens in the perspective of everyone who gets to experience is perhaps the most profound thing of all: a change in your state of mind that compels you to recognize the oft-forgotten truth of our fragile existence. In all the universe, there is no other known world with both the diversity and the fragility of our planet. Just maybe, if more of us got to experience it for ourselves, we’d be compelled to take better care not onlyof one another, but of our cosmic home as well.
Miniscule tardigrade fossil frozen in amber is over 16 million years old
Miniscule tardigrade fossil frozen in amber is over 16 million years old
The microscopic tardigrades are an elusive species. Fossils are rare, but each new find adds a piece to their unsolved evolutionary puzzle.
Credit: Mapalo MA et al., Proc. R. Soc. B, 2021. / Royal Society
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Despite their ability to live in extremely inhospitable environments, tardigrades' bodies rarely fossilize unless they get stuck in amber.
Recently, a group of researchers uncovered a decently preserved specimen inside a piece of amber found in the Dominican Republic.
It is the third tardigrade fossil to be described. It was given its own evolutionary genus and species, adding yet another branch to the tardigrade family tree.
Don’t let their microscopic size mislead you. Tardigrades are some of the most resilient and successful species ever to populate our planet. Also known as water bears for their distinct shape, these eight-limbed organisms have been around for millions of years. During this time, they managed to explore just about every part of the world, from the peaks of the Indian Himalayas to the depths of the Antarctic ocean.
Although the evolutionary history of tardigrades is extensive, it is also shrouded in mystery. Their size, while allowing them to colonize even the most inhospitable ecosystems, also makes it extremely difficult for their bodies to fossilize. With such a sparse geological record, paleontologists cannot help but refer to tardigrades as a “ghost lineage,” a species that seemingly appeared out of nowhere.
To be fair, their origin isn’t all question marks. Calculating the mutation rate of biomolecules, paleontologists can infer that tardigrades must have branched off from other panarthropod lineages before the Cambrian period came to a close. Until recently, only two representatives of a crown group — a collection of fossils linking extant specimens back to their least common ancestor — were described.
Now, that number is up to three. Last week, a team of interdisciplinary researchers from Europe and America announced in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B they had found and identified a brand new tardigrade fossil frozen in a nugget of Dominican amber. The amber dates back to the Miocene age, while the water bear inside appears to have lived during the Cenozoic.
Why water bears fossilize best in amber
To appreciate this discovery in its context, a brief background is in order. The first fossilized tardigrade to be described was named Beorn leggi. It was discovered back in 1964, located inside Canadian amber.
Though not the only place where tardigrade fossils have been found, amber seems to be the material that preserves them the best. Tardigrades, despite being pretty much indestructible when they are alive, lack hard tissue that can petrify upon death. Consequently, the only way in which they can be preserved is if they managed to get caught in tree resin, which the passage of deep time turns into amber.
A tardigrade under a microscope. (Credit: Philippe Garcelon / Wikipedia / CC BY 2.0)
While B. leggi was the first tardigrade fossil to be described, that description was not very good. Unable to take high-resolution images of their subject, paleontologists failed to place the fossil into any existing branch on the tardigrade family tree. Until a future discovery can help us fill in the blanks, B. leggi remains in the freshly erected placeholder family known as Beornidae.
It took almost four decades before the next tardigrade fossil could be identified. This specimen, christened Milnesium swolenskyi by its discoverers, was found in New Jersey amber. Thanks to its adequate preservation, the fossil could be dated. It was around 14 million years older than B. leggi and was assigned to the Milnesiidae family.
M. swolenskyi was special insofar as its body plan resembled that of an extant member of the Milnesium family. The modern and ancient specimen have similarly shaped claws, and their mouths are fitted with no less than six oral papillae or feeding structures. This, its discoverers stated at the time, indicated that the morphology of tardigrades remained unchanged for at least 92 million years.
Discovering a new genus
The tardigrade fossil recently found in the Dominican Republic may not be as old as some of the previous discoveries, but it can still tell us a number of things about the evolutionary history of this elusive animal. In fact, the morphology of the fossil was so perfectly preserved that researchers were able to erect an entirely new genus and species: Paradoryphoribius chronocaribbeus. P. chronocaribbeus was placed in the superfamily Isohypsibioidea, an assessment that wasn’t easy given the difficulty of studying the morphology of microscopic fossils.
In order to classify their discoveries, paleontologists compare morphologies. (Credit: Fujimoto S, Jimi N / Wikipedia / CC BY 4.0)
In order to identify their find, the researchers used a variety of measurement techniques. Mounting Paradoryphoribius to a slide, they studied the fossil’s morphology using transmitted light microscopy as well as confocal fluorescence microscopy, which enhances images using a laser.
Comparing the fossil’s features with those of other tardigrades, the researchers found that Paradoryphoribius was both like and unlike its evolutionary relatives. Its claws and spinal canal are similar to that of the genus Doryphoribius. But unlike Doryphoribius, which has multiple, granular-shaped teeth, Paradoryphoribius has only one toothlike appendage.
Tardigrade fossils are hard to come by, but each new find adds a piece to this largely unsolved evolutionary puzzle. With the discovery of Paradoryphoribius, the species’ family tree has grown another branch, giving paleontologists hope that — one day — they will finally be able to unravel the ghostlyorigins of the water bear.
'ONVERWOESTBAAR' BEERDIERTJE DUIKT OP IN 16 MILJOEN JAAR OUD STUKJE BARNSTEEN
'ONVERWOESTBAAR' BEERDIERTJE DUIKT OP IN 16 MILJOEN JAAR OUD STUKJE BARNSTEEN
Vivian Lammerse
De zeldzame vondst geeft een uniek inkijkje in de evolutionaire geschiedenis van een organisme dat vijf massa-extincties overleefd heeft.
Beerdiertjes zijn beroemd om hun verbazingwekkende vermogen om de meest extreme omstandigheden te overleven. Ze zijn bijvoorbeeld bestand tegen het vacuüm van de ruimte en zijn zelfs weer tot leven gekomen nadat ze tientallen jaren in Antarctische mos waren bevroren. Maar hoe moeilijk het ook is om het bizarre microscopische diertje te doden, het is nóg moeilijker om een gefossiliseerd exemplaar te vinden. En toch zijn onderzoekers daar nu in geslaagd.
Meer over beerdiertjes Beerdiertjes zijn microscopisch kleine organismen die naar schatting zo’n 540 miljoen jaar geleden ontstonden. Ze zijn onder meer te vinden in de grond en op planten. Ze bereiken een lichaamslengte van ongeveer een halve millimeter en een breedte van ongeveer 1/5 millimeter, waardoor ze met het blote oog bijna niet te zien zijn. Beerdiertjes komen wijdverspreid in de natuur voor. Een pluk mos kan bijvoorbeeld al zeker duizenden exemplaren herbergen. Daarnaast zijn het taaie rakkers. Je kunt ze bijvoorbeeld meer dan dertig jaar invriezen: na ontdooiing pakken ze hun leven gewoon weer op. Ook kunnen ze wel tot tien jaar zonder water, overleven ze zelfs bij gebrek aan zuurstof en zijn ze bestand tegen kosmische straling. En toen onderzoekers ze recent in een speciaal geweer stopten om ze af te vuren, konden de beerdiertjes dat ook gewoon navertellen.
Het is een bijzondere prestatie, aangezien het slechts de derde keer is dat wetenschappers een gefossiliseerd beerdiertje aantreffen. De onderzoekers ontdekten het beerdiertje in een 16 miljoen jaar oud stukje barnsteen, dat stamt uit het Mioceen.
De drie ontdekkingen van gefossiliseerde beerdiertjes op een tijdlijn geplaatst.
Afbeelding: NJIT/Harvar
Het nieuwe geslacht en soort zijn respectievelijk Paradoryphoribius chronocaribbeus en Pdo. chronocaribbeus genoemd. “De ontdekking van een gefossiliseerd beerdiertje is iets dat maar één keer per generatie voorkomt,” aldus onderzoeker Phil Barden. “Wat zo opmerkelijk is, is dat beerdiertjes eigenlijk alles op aarde hebben gezien, van de val van de dinosaurussen tot de opkomst van planten. Toch kennen we bijna geen fossielen. De ontdekking van fossiele resten van een beerdiertje is dan ook heel opwindend.”
Grootte Dat dit dus maar zelden gebeurt, is overigens niet zo gek. Beerdiertjes zijn ontzettend klein en vallen door hun minuscule voorkomen nauwelijks op. Zo is Pdo. chronocaribbeus een halve millimeter groot.“Het is slechts een vage vlek in barnsteen,” legt Barden uit. “Pdo. chronocaribbeus zat ingesloten in een hoek van een stukje barnsteen met drie verschillende mierensoorten die ons lab had bestudeerd. Het beerdiertje is maanden over het hoofd gezien.”
Het betreffende stukje barnsteen met omcirkeld het ontdekte gefossiliseerde beerdiertje.
Afbeelding: Phillip Barden (Harvard/NJIT)
Pdo. chronocaribbeus blijkt na analyse een familielid te zijn van de hedendaagse superfamilie Isohypsibioidea. Daarnaast vertegenwoordigt het het eerste beerdiertjes-fossiel dat stamt uit het Cenozoïcum; het huidige geologische tijdperk dat zo’n 66 miljoen jaar geleden begon. “Op het eerste gezicht lijkt dit fossiel op moderne beerdiertjes, vanwege de relatief eenvoudige externe morfologie,” vertelt onderzoeker Marc Mapalo. “Maar voor het eerst zijn we erin geslaagd om ook de interne anatomie te visualiseren. Hierdoor zagen we opvallende eigenschappen die we niet zien bij levende organismen. Dit stelt ons niet alleen in staat om dit beerdiertje onder een nieuw geslacht te scharen, maar we kunnen nu ook de evolutionaire veranderingen onderzoeken die deze groep organismen gedurende miljoenen jaren heeft meegemaakt.”
Evolutie Volgens de onderzoekers geeft de zeldzame vondst ons een uniek inkijkje in de evolutionaire geschiedenis van een organisme dat vijf massa-extincties overleefd heeft. Zo kan het bijvoorbeeld meer inzicht verschaffen in de evolutionaire gebeurtenissen die de meer dan 1300 hedendaags levende soorten hebben gevormd, met al hun eigenaardigheden. “We hebben slechts het topje van de ijsberg gezien als het gaat om ons begrip over levende beerdiertjes,” zegt Barden. “De studie herinnert ons er niet alleen aan dat we maar weinig beerdiertjes-fossielen hebben, maar dat we ook nog heel weinig over de hedendaagse soorten weten.”
De onderzoekers hopen dan ook dat andere wetenschappers hun ogen open houden voor andere goed verstopte fossiele beerdiertjes. “We hopen dat dit werk anderen aanmoedigt om stukjes barnsteen nauwkeuriger te bekijken om deze geheimzinnige organismen beter te begrijpen,” besluit onderzoeker Javier Ortega-Hernandez.
De Atlas moet om 11.34 uur Belgische tijd opstijgen, maar heeft een lanceervenster dat 75 minuten open is. Er is negentig procent kans op goed weer. De nuttige lading van de krachtige draagraket is de Lucy. Bij de 981 miljoen dollar kostende missie is het de bedoeling een nog niet onderzochte groep van asteroïden, de Trojaanse planetoïden, te exploreren. Wetenschappers denken dat deze steenklompen, gelokaliseerd in de baan van Jupiter, primaire overblijfselen zijn uit de vroege geschiedenis van ons zonnestelsel dat 4,5 miljard jaar oud is.
De missie duurt twaalf jaar en onderzoekt naast zeven Trojaanse asteroïden ook een andere planetoïde. De sonde zal drie keer gebruik maken van de zwaartekracht van onze planeet om aan snelheid te winnen.
Nooit eerder was er een missie naar zoveel verschillende bestemmingen in onafhankelijke banen rondom onze Zon, maakt de NASA zich sterk.
De “vader” van de Atlas is de Belg Karel Bossart.
Bekijk ook:
“NASA’s Lucy mission set to launch on Saturday, will study ..”
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14-10-2021
TR-3B “Triangular UFO”: A Terrestrial or Alien Ship on Area 51?
TR-3B “Triangular UFO”: A Terrestrial or Alien Ship on Area 51?
Considered the most famous unidentified flying object in the ufological field, the Triangular UFO has already been sighted all over the world.
There are sightings of the triangular UFO all over the world.
Its frequent sighting worldwide, has given rise to consider that when it comes to UFO , it does not necessarily have to be of extraterrestrial origin. That is the case of the triangular UFO.
There is so much evidence on this unidentified flying object that the theory that it is a government aircraft is a fact.
The evidence of the triangular UFO
Among one of the most controversial videos recently captured is that of a driver returning from work. Although the video was recorded through a cell phone, it has been one of the best videos of a triangular UFO.
The surprised man when reviewing his recording knew that it was something unusual, so he decided to upload it to the Internet immediately.
Unsurprisingly, the video received millions of likes, comments, and reactions. In the images you can clearly see a shiny triangular shaped object .
The witness sent the video anonymously to The Daily Star , where it also became quite viral.
Several of the comments from viewers suggest that it looks like a TR-3B surveillance plane , with the circles under each corner of the triangle. This comment was highly supported by the rest of the community.
Another user commented that he remembered helping build these ships at a secret government base. Specifically during the 60s .
Other evidences of the triangular UFO are those that were reported in Antelope Valley, a desert area in southern California.
This area of the desert is often visited by researchers and theorists extraterrestrials, UFOs and other paranormal events. It is believed that it was there that the “Black Project” of the United States Armed Forces took place.
Is it a terrestrial or alien ship?
In addition, it is close to military research and testing areas such as the 42nd Air Force Plant and Edwards Base.
Professional opinion
For those who are experts in the UFO subject, this class of airplanes are manufactured in secret. They are the fruit of years of research, of the use of reverse engineering of alien spaceships fallen on Earth.
The TR-3B is said to be a subsonic spy plane with a flying wing design that is sometimes invisible.
Which was used as a guide laser pointer for bombs in the Gulf War . Manufacture of the TR-3B is credited to Northrop.
For UFO experts , the manufacture of this craft as well, as reports of step-shaped aircraft in Russia, Europe, Australia, are not surprising events.
That the mysterious triangular UFO is real and that reverse engineering and alien technology were used in its manufacture .
Even though sightings have been massive around the world, it is still not really known where this aircraft came from. If it is American, if it even belongs to Earth or if it is an alien spacecraft.
In 1908, a small asteroid exploded in the atmosphere over the Tunguska River in Russia, devastating a 1200-square-mile area. In 1978, Slovak astronomer Ľubor Kresák proposed that the asteroid was a fragment of Comet Encke, a periodic comet that orbits the Sun every 3.3 years and is part of the group responsible for the annual Beta Taurids meteor shower. Another astronomer recently discovered 88 asteroids and meteoroids in that Beta Taurids complex with a common and very unusual characteristic – they are all aligned with Comet Encke. That astronomer has connected the new asteroids and Comet Encke like dots and come to a shocking conclusion about their origin, the Tunguska event and what may be coming. Here’s a hint: his new book is called “The Next Asteroid Impact: Survival Manual.”
“Using the Secular Light Curve (SLC) formalism, we have catalogued 88 probable members of the Taurid Complex (TC). 51 of them have useful SLCs and 34 of these (67%) exhibit cometary activity.”
In a study published in the journal Planetary and Space Science, Ignacio Ferrin, an astronomer at the University of Antioquia in Colombia, details the conclusions he and co-author Vincenzo Orofino of Italy’s University of Salento drew after discovering 88 space rocks in the Taurid complex. Their signatures show cometary activity, which indicates they were likely part of a giant comet that exploded not long ago. Because they’re lined up with it, they thought the rocks might be part of Comet Encke, but 88 is too many for that idea, so they concluded Encke was part of them, and together they were the result of a cometary explosion – a recent one. Ferrin and Orofino did not have to look far for a big event that could have been a sign of the explosion.
“This high percentage of active asteroids gives support to the hypothesis of a catastrophe that took place during the Upper Paleolithic, when a large short-period comet, arriving in the inner Solar System from the Kuiper Belt, experienced, starting from 20 thousand years ago, a series of fragmentations that produced the present 2P/Encke comet, together with a large number of other members of the TC.”
Astronomy.comreports Ferrin and Orofino concluded that a 62-mile-wide comet from the Kuiper Belt entered the inner solar system, exploded and the fragments became Comet Encke, the Taurid meteor stream, and the rest of the tiny rocks, debris and dust traveling with it. What’s more, they seem convinced this happened 20,000 years ago when Earth was bombarded by space rocks that may have caused the global climate cooling at the start of a near-glacial period called the Younger Dryas, as well as possibly causing the extinction of the prehistoric Clovis culture in the Americas and early hunter-gatherer community in modern-day Syria.
Comet Encke
(NASA)
That leads us to Ferrin’s new book, “The Next Asteroid Impact: Survival Manual.” He predicts more asteroid-caused events like Tunguska and the Younger Dryas … soon.
“In fact, I put myself in the path of the asteroid and ask the question: What should I do to survive? Chapter 11 and 12 are dedicated to asteroid 99942 Apophis. This object is going to have a close approach to Earth on Friday 13, April 2029. We give an ephemeris of the best places to observe it with the naked eye. It is going to pass at only 6 Earth radii. And finally, Chapter 13 provides a Table of returns, critical dates, and predictions. Our planet is going to pass through several zones of enhanced hazard starting with the next decade, 2030.”
Ferrin is also worried about the annual Beta Taurid showers. Even small asteroids are dangerous when directly impacting Earth, but he sees the Taurid complex having many more objects 60 to 90 meters in diameter – the size of the Tunguska object. In other words:
“What we see today of the TC are the remnants of a very varied and numerous complex of objects, characterized by an intense past of collisions with the Earth which may continue to represent a danger for our planet.”
According to a Technical Report prepared by the Air Force’s UFO study-program, Project Grudge, way back in August of 1949: “Upon eliminating several additional incidents due to vagueness and duplication, there remain 228 incidents, which are considered in this report. Thirty of these could not be explained, because there was found to be insufficient evidence on which to base a conclusion.” Certainly the most notable entry in the document appears in the Recommendations section. It states, and I quote: “…that Psychological Warfare Division and other governmental agencies interested in psychological warfare be informed of the results of this study.” The U.S. Department of Defense defines PW as: “The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives.” What this demonstrates, is that the military’s UFO programs weren’t just about investigating sightings. The operations were also focused on creating utterly bogus flying saucer-themed stories – all born out of psychological warfare operations designed to hide things of a specifically non-UFO nature. Which is exactly what happened at Roswell – a spurious tale of a saucer was spun to hide something that the government wanted hidden. And it was hidden.
(Nick Redfern)
Aztec, New Mexico: the site of a crashed UFO? It depends on who you ask
There is also the matter of the infamous, alleged UFO crash at Aztec, New Mexico in March 1948. It’s a story which is made famous in Frank Scully’s 1950 book, Behind the Flying Saucers, a book which turned out to be a huge seller. Many researchers of the UFO phenomenon (although certainly not all, such as Scott and Suzanne Ramsey) dismiss Aztec as nothing but a hoax, one perpetrated by a shady businessman/conman named Silas Newton. There is an interesting aspect to the Newton / Aztec story, that is worth noting. By his own admittance, and after the Aztec story surfaced, Newton was clandestinely visited by two representatives of “a highly secret U.S. Government entity,” as the late Karl Pflock worded it. Those same representatives told Newton, in no uncertain terms, that they knew his Aztec story was a complete and bald-faced lie. Incredibly, though, they wanted him to keep telling the tale to just about anyone and everyone who would listen. This led Pflock to wonder: “Did the U.S. Government or someone associated with it use Newton to discredit the idea of crashed flying saucers so a real captured saucer or saucers could be more easily kept under wraps?” Far more intriguing, though, is the next question that Karl posed: “Was this actually nothing to do with real saucers but instead some sort of psychological warfare operation[italics mine]?”
(Nick Redfern)
Aztec, New Mexico
Pflock – a CIA intelligence officer, and a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense in the Reagan Administration – was not just fascinated by the Aztec saga of 1948, per se. He was also fascinated by the possibility that someone in the government, the intelligence community, or the military – and maybe even a combination of all three – had created the story to hide something else. Or, at the very least, had encouraged the telling and retelling of the Aztec story for psy-op-based reasons. I know just how fascinated Karl was when it came to Aztec and the claims of Newton and that “highly secret U.S. Government entity.” I first met Karl in 2003 – at a UFO gig in the small town of Aztec, New Mexico. For a number of years, the conference was a yearly event. But, no more. Karl and I were were in touch by landline and fax (how quaint) as far back as the mid-1990s.
When Karl and I finally met, he near-immediately suggested that we should write an Aztec-themed book. Karl’s reasoning was that he knew the story very well, and, via the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, I had uncovered hundreds and hundreds of pages of material – chiefly from the FBI – on the Aztec controversy. He thought we would make a good team, and particularly so now that I lived in the U.S. – and specifically in Texas, which is, of course, not at all far from New Mexico, where Karl resided and where the 1948 crash supposedly happened. As I listened, Karl told me that his idea was, essentially, to make the book a biography on Newton, but with the Aztec affair being the main thrust. I thought it was a good idea and Karl suggested he prepare a synopsis for his literary agent. That’s exactly what he did. The book was going to be called Silas the Magnificent: A True Tale of Greed, Credulity, and (Maybe) Government Chicanery and Cover-up in 1950s America. Note that the book makes no mention of UFOs in its title and sub-title.
Unfortunately, the project was permanently derailed when Karl fell sick with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease. He unfortunately died from the effects of ALS on June 5, 2006, at the age of just sixty-three. Karl is gone, but the synopsis still exists. It would have made a good book. And, very possibly, it just might have revealed more of the psy-op aspect of Aztec and of other crashed UFO yarns of bygone decades.
I found this anomaly in the latest Curiosity Rover photo. The black object looks like a crashed UFO. The craft is only about 2.5-3 meters across, so it probably only held a few passengers. Since many of the figures we found on Mars are about 5-8 cm tall, then we can conclude that his ship could carry about 20-40 passengers.
There is only two photos of the ship. The rover usually takes many of each area, but not here. Perhaps with further research I might find more.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
UFO Fleet Over Austin, Texas On Oct 6, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Fleet Over Austin, Texas On Oct 6, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: October 6, 2021 Location of sighting: Austin, Texas, USA Source: MUFON
Watch this amazing raw footage of a fleet of UFOs over Austin, Texas last week. The UFOs fly in military formation and were seen 30 miles away by other eyewitnesses. This is 100% proof that an alien base is somewhere below the American desert. UFO have been sighted most frequently over areas of Nevada, Arizona and Needles, California, as well as Texas...all of which have similar dry desert appearances.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
This happened in our small community a lot of people saw it. There are multiple pictures and videos. It was loud! (So no drones) it flew low and was slow. Edit to say: if they were drones they would be doing a lot of traveling as they were seen 30 miles away from my location as well.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
