The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
16-05-2022
Mysteries associated with lightnings, ball lightnings and the electrosphere of Earth
Mysteries associated with lightnings, ball lightnings and the electrosphere of Earth
Lightning and ball lightning are electrospheric phenomena involving several poorly understood aspects. Also the origin of the electrosphere of Earth is still a mystery. In the TGD framework it is possible to deduce information about magnetic and electric bodies of Earth (briefly MB and EB) by using empirical inputs and these phenomena.
Ball lightings are known to be real are not understood. Ball lightning-like phenomena can be created also artificially in microwave ovens using match. Matches contain organic material and this serves as a good hint.
There is a New Scientist article, which gives a popular representation of ball lightings (see this). The theory of Cameron (see this) is mentioned in the article. The theory assumes that lightnings are essentially phenomena associated with the electromagnetic radiation field alone and neglects the fact that plasma is very probably involved. The theory relies on exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations and proposes that ball lightnings involve monochromatic electromagnetic fields which are knotted and linked making the field configurations topologically nontrivial. Both magnetic and electric field lines can be knotted. This does not however imply topological stability since the linearity of Maxwell’s equations implies that these field configurations are unstable. The finding that lifetime is long enough for microwave lengths does not conform with the fact that visible light is involved. Another theory mentioned in the article is by Boerner and proposes that lightning comes from another dimension. What this could actually mean, is of course a highly non-trivial question.
The basic mystery is how ball lightning can survive for so long a time. An ordinary plasma ball is not expected to do so. This suggests that ball lightning obeys non-linear dynamics and is some kind of topological entity robust by their topological non-triviality.
A very natural expectation is that ball lightning is a self-organizing system consisting of plasma which radiates. Self-organization requires energy feed. It could come as a Coulombic energy from the electric field of Earth through which part of the plasma of ball lightning has arrived. Here one encounters a problem. The electric resistance of the atmosphere causes a dissipation of the energy so that the charged particles cannot accelerate to high energies. How could lightning avoid this?
Two problems are always better than one. The second puzzle is that ordinary lightnings involve relativistic electrons and gamma rays. This is impossible in standard physics due to the already mentioned electric resistance of the atmosphere. Could ball lightning involve a new phase of matter, for which the dissipation is very small. Perhaps because it interacts very weakly with the ordinary matter of the atmosphere?
The third mystery is that the surface of Earth carries a negative charge, which creates an electric field. This field is essential for the generation of lightning. The origin of this field is however not understood.
There is also a fourth problem. Dark matter exists but there is no generally accepted theory of dark matter. All experiments trying to detect proposed candidates for dark matter particles (the particle physicist’s way to solve a problem is to propose a new particle) have failed. There is of course also the mystery of life but it is better to stop here.
In the sequel a TGD based model for electrosphere is deduced by using various empirical inputs and the TGD based view about dark matter and the model of quantum biology inspired by it. A model, which allows us to understand these phenomena in the TGD framework, is developed. The model relies on the TGD based model of dark matter residing at the flux tubes of the magnetic body. The gravitational magnetic bodies of both Earth and Sun are important.The notion of the electric body of Earth as an analog of the cell membrane acting as a generalized Josephson junction is developed. Lightning and ball lightning would be associated with the analog of action potential.
Antarctica Lost an Ice Shelf, but Gained an Island
Antarctica Lost an Ice Shelf, but Gained an Island
Collapsing ice shelves on the eastern coast of Antarctica has revealed something never seen before: a landform that might be an island. But this is not the first newly revealed island off the Antarctic coast. A series of islands have appeared as the ice shelves along the continent’s coastline has disintegrated over the past few years.
The island is visible in the three images, which were taken by Landsat satellites between 1989 and 2022. The landform maintains its shape, even through the ice around it has melted, shifted, and disappeared. With the collapsing ice, scientists think large icebergs likely smashed into the island, but the island maintained its shape.
The eastern coast of Antarctica has lost most of the Glenzer and Conger ice shelves, as seen in these satellite images taken between November 15, 1989 – January 9, 2022. Credit: NASA GSFC/UMBC JCET.
However, scientists are unsure if there is any solid earth below the mound of snow and ice.
“It is undoubtedly similar to other ice islands, such as Bowman Island (also visible in the image above),” said John Gibson, a scientist with the Australian Antarctic Division, in a post on NASA’s Earth Observatory. Gibson thinks the feature is likely an ice island: a large, heavy cap of ice sitting solidly on an underwater peak.
Gibson called the ice island “self-perpetuating,” meaning that snow and ice accumulating on the island’s surface balances out the amount of melting that occurs underwater. If that balance becomes disrupted by a decrease in snowfall, then the ice island could thin and float away. “The unnamed island is a more-or-less permanent feature of the landscape,” Gibson said, “but may someday detach from the underlying rock and become an iceberg.”
NASA says that elevation data in December 2021 from the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) shows at least part of the island stands 30 to 35 meters (100 to 115 feet) above the surface of the sea.
NASA says that most of the Glenzer and Conger ice shelves are gone, having collapsed earlier this year. And with further collapse of Antarctic ice shelves due to the warming ocean, more of these islands might be popping up.
“The discovery of more of them is likely to continue in the years ahead due to shrinking glacial and sea ice,” said Christopher Shuman, a University of Maryland, Baltimore County, glaciologist based at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. “Obviously these are ‘new to us’ features, but we also have more people and more tools to look at the margins of Antarctica now. Several examples do not make a trend, but they do imply that other once-hidden features are likely to be noticed in the years to come.”
Worlds Biggest and Most Mysterious Snakes Ever Found
Worlds Biggest and Most Mysterious Snakes Ever Found
Snakes—you either think they’re the most fascinating creature on the planet or, you know, downright disgusting. Either way, we humans bow down to the boas of the world because not only are they bigger than us, but they’re stronger for sure and probably hungrier than us, too. In fact, there are more than 3,000 varieties of snakes slithering around the globe and the biggest serpents? Well, let’s just say they put the garden snake in your backyard to absolute sssshame.
Bats will have a large contribution to virus transmission between species in the future, a modelling study finds.
Credit: Pratik Chorge/Hindustan Times via Getty
Over the next 50 years, climate change could drive more than 15,000 new cases of mammals transmitting viruses to other mammals, according to a study published in Nature1. It’s one of the first to predict how global warming will shift wildlife habitats and increase encounters between species capable of swapping pathogens, and to quantify how many times viruses are expected to jump between species.
Many researchers say that the COVID-19 pandemic probably started when a previously unknown coronavirus passed from a wild animal to a human: a process called zoonotic transmission. A predicted rise in viruses jumping between species could trigger more outbreaks, posing a serious threat to human and animal health alike, the study warns — providing all the more reason for governments and health organizations to invest in pathogen surveillance and to improve health-care infrastructure.
The study is “a critical first step in understanding the future risk of climate and land-use change on the next pandemic”, says Kate Jones, who models interactions between ecosystems and human health at University College London.
The research predicts that much of the new virus transmission will happen when species meet for the first time as they move to cooler locales because of rising temperatures. And it projects that this will occur most often in species-rich ecosystems at high elevations, particularly areas of Africa and Asia, and in areas that are densely populated by humans, including Africa’s Sahel region, India and Indonesia. Assuming that the planet warms by no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial temperatures this century — a future predicted by some climate analyses — the number of first-time meetings between species will double by 2070, creating virus-transmission hotspots, the study says.
“This work provides us with more incontrovertible evidence that the coming decades will not only be hotter, but sicker,” says Gregory Albery, a disease ecologist at Georgetown University in Washington DC and a co-author of the study.
The challenges of modelling
To make their predictions, Albery and his colleagues developed and tested models, and ran simulations over a five-year period. They combined models of virus transmission and species distribution under various climate-change scenarios, focusing on mammals because of their relevance to human health.
Source: Ref. 1
The team built the species-distribution model to predict where mammals would move to find more liveable habitats as the planet warms. The virus-transmission model predicts the probability of a virus jumping between species for the first time, by taking into account where species might meet as their habitats shift and how closely related they are evolutionarily (viruses are most likely to transmit between related species).
The modelling seems “technically impeccable”, says Ignacio Morales-Castilla, a global-change ecologist at the University of Alcalá, Spain, although he points out that forecasting exercises such as this sometimes need to include unrealistic assumptions. But he adds that the breadth and scope of the research and its ability to identify which parts of the world might be most at risk “clearly stand out”.
One assumption the researchers had to make was about how far and wide species would spread as the climate changes. But factors such as whether mammals can adapt to local conditions or physically cross barriers in landscapes are difficult to predict.
Bats are projected to be involved in viral transmission regardless of these factors, the study found. Thought to be part of the origins of COVID-19, bats are known reservoirs of viruses and make up about 20% of mammals. The team says that — in part because bats can fly — they are less likely to experience barriers to shifting their habitats.
Spillovers to humans?
Although Jones applauds the study, she urges caution when discussing its implications for human health. “Predicting the risk of viral jumps from mammals into humans is more tricky, as these spillovers take place in a complex ecological and human socio-economic environment,” she says.
Many factors could reduce the risk to human health, including increased investment in health care or a virus being unable to infect humans for some reason, she adds.
But the researchers urge that there is no time to waste. Earth has already warmed by more than 1 °C above pre-industrial temperatures, and this is driving species migration and disease swapping. “It’s happening and it’s not preventable, even in the best climate-change scenarios,” Albery says.
Albery and one of his co-authors, Colin Carlson, a global-change biologist also at Georgetown University, say that even though some increase in disease transmission is inevitable, that is no excuse for inaction. The researchers call on governments and the international community to improve the monitoring and surveillance of wild animals and zoonotic diseases, particularly in future hotspots such as southeast Asia. Improving health infrastructure is also essential, they say.
As people begin to prepare for and adapt to global warming, most efforts focus on activities such as halting deforestation or reinforcing sea walls. But Carlson says pandemic preparedness and disease surveillance are climate-change adaptation, too.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01198-w
References
Carlson, C. J. et al.Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04788-w (2022).
All kinds of videos and photos of UFOs have been published on social networks, in which their authors claim to have seen the strange objects in the sky.
A few days ago we talked about Jeremy Corbell and the leak of a video by the US Navy. And we recently talked about the incredible sighting of a triangular craft coming out of the moon.
Now, we have before us something unusual and very clear. If they were “alien ships” this means that they are not hiding from anything, since this filming was made on September 18, 2013, supposedly east of Wittenberg, Germany.
If we are looking at terrestrial ships in the shape of a triangle, such as the TR3-B, they undoubtedly contain unknown technology, and that can be noticed and seen in a fragment of the recording.
Are we facing something real? Although this comes from the year 2013, such as the persecution of an object similar to the ‘tic tak’ of Puerto Rico, the dates have nothing to do, the important thing is to know the truth.
Two ships similar to the TR-3B , at first, can be noticed in the filming, an incredible display of high technology never seen before, by the dexterity they perform.
Without a doubt, if this is real, this is probably the best UFO recording we have ever seen.
The comments on this recording range from the speed that one of the ships takes, to which they say it cannot be human, until it may be a drone.
But does a drone have this shape? That is the big question. What are we facing? Real or fake from the year 2013?
Michio Kaku: 3 mind-blowing predictions about the future
Michio Kaku: 3 mind-blowing predictions about the future
What lies in store for humanity? Theoretical physicist Michio Kaku explains how different life will be for your descendants—and maybe your future self, if the timing works out.
Carl Sagan believed humanity needed to become a multi-planet species as an insurance policy against the next huge catastrophe on Earth. Now, Elon Musk is working to see that mission through, starting with a colony of a million humans on Mars. Where will our species go next?
Theoretical physicist Michio Kaku looks decades into the future and makes three bold predictions about human space travel, the potential of “brain net”, and our coming victory over cancer.
“[I]n the future, the word ‘tumor’ will disappear from the English language,” says Kaku. “We will have years of warning that there is a colony of cancer cells growing in our body. And our descendants will wonder: How could we fear cancer so much?”
Strangest Tree and Plant Species You Don't Believe are Real
Strangest Tree and Plant Species You Don't Believe are Real
Evolution has thrown up some odd but also some impressive looking plants and trees over time. Throughout the years, mother-nature has baffled us with her strange and unusual creations. With more than 298,000 species of plants on earth, we are surely going to find some bizarre plants among them.
IT HAS BEEN MORE THAN 10,000 years since the last fur-covered woolly mammoth feet lumbered across the Arctic tundra.
Once a keystone species of these frozen ecosystems, the legacy of mammoths now has to be painstakingly recovered from layers of ice and permafrost by anorak-clad scientists. But not for much longer.
On September 13, entrepreneur Ben Lamm and Harvard geneticist George Churchannounced the creation of Colossal, a new gene-editing company bent on “de-extincting” the woolly using CRISPR. The company claims that rewilding of this species in the Arctic tundra could revitalize the region's grasslands as a major source of carbon sequestration, which offers a crucial tool in the fight against climate change.
“IT ISN'T DE-EXTINCTION AT ALL.”
With starting capital of $15 million and four-to-six years of research, Lamm tells Inverse the company could produce a “herd” of woolly mammoths calves for the first time since the Ice Age. This means the first baby mammoths could roam the tundra by 2027 or earlier.
But other scientists aren’t so convinced, including Tori Herridge, an evolutionary biologist working as a fellow at the Natural History Museum in London and science communicator. Before the company’s announcement, Herridge was approached to join Colossal’s advisory board but declined.
Herridge tells Inverse that this project could easily blow past some crucial ethical barriers if Colossal isn't careful.
“If [this technology] genuinely does what they hope it's going to do, that will fundamentally alter the way that we as humans interact with the natural world,” says Herridge.
And there’s another issue: it may not be a true mammoth at all.
Ben Lamm (left) and George Church (right) say they can bring back the mammoth, but is that really a good thing?Courtesy of Colossal
WHAT IS COLOSSAL?
Using cutting-edge technology to bring a species back from extinction might sound like Jurassic Park-level science fiction, but Colossal’s new project is actually not the first to attempt — or achieve this.
“COLOSSAL IS READY TO CHART THIS NEW FRONTIER OF SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY.”
While the company’s use of CRISPR — a gene-editing tool that can snip and replace particular genes in an animal's DNA — is relatively novel, Herridge says that scientists accomplished small-level “de-extinction” years ago through cloning a recently extinct Pyrenean ibex.
What really sets Colossal apart from previous attempts, says Herridge, is their private funding.
Another secret weapon in their corner, according to Lamm, is geneticist and co-founder George Church. With a passionate interest in the woolly mammoth, a deep understanding of synthetic biology, and eight years of research on the topic under his belt, Church is a triple threat. Mix that expertise with $15 million, and Lamm is confident they’ve got a winning combination.
“De-extinction of the woolly mammoth will be the first time a species has been successfully brought back from extinction,” Lamm says. “Colossal is ready to chart this new frontier of science and biotechnology.”
ARE WE REALLY BRINGING BACK THE MAMMOTH?
While CRISPR technology can do miraculous things, Herridge warns that it is still by no means a time machine.
“It isn't de-extinction at all — you're never going to bring back an extinct creature,” says Herridge. “It is not the de-extinction of the mammoth; it is the genetic modification of an elephant you are creating an entirely new synthetic organism.”
When it comes to gene editing, just because it looks like a woolly mammoth and moves like a woolly mammoth doesn’t mean it actually is a woolly mammoth. These mammoth-like animals will instead be more of a hybrid of this ancient species and their modern cousin, the Asian elephant.Shutterstock
Instead of reintroducing so-called authentic woolly mammoths to the tundra, Herridge says that what Church and his team are really doing is tinkering with the DNA of modern-day elephants to create something very similar to a woolly mammoth.
To do this, Church’s team has isolated 60 genes that helped woolly mammoths adapt to cold environments, including developing a shaggy coat, growing smaller ears and tail, and producing extra body fat.
Lamm says that these precisely edited genes will be inserted into the genome of Asian elephants using CRISPR. These “mammoth-like cells” can then, in theory, be inserted into the egg cell of an Asian elephant in place of its full-elephant nucleus.
“Electrical pulses are applied to the egg cell, which will simulate fertilization, and the egg cell will start to divide and grow, becoming an embryo,” says Lamm. Such future embryos could then be implanted in a surrogate elephant or an artificial womb for their 18-22 months-long gestation.
The final result? The world’s first “woolly mammoth” calves in 10 millennia.
HOW IT COULD GO WRONG
But before we get there, Herridge says there’s still a lot that could go wrong along the way. For example, reintroducing species to their native environments without disrupting those ecosystems is tricky even with modern species, but rewilding a species that’s been gone as long as the woolly mammoth could be the most difficult yet — not to mention that the environment they’re being reintroduced to is rapidly changing as temperatures across the world rise.
But while these are points to consider carefully, Herridge says there’s an even more salient ethical issue that this project must keep in mind.
“The worst outcome for me in the short term would be a sort of gung ho approach to implantation and uses elephants as surrogates,” says Herridge.
Moving too quickly in this gene-editing process could have deadly consequences.Shutterstock
According to Herridge, the only way to find out if you’ve done the right tinkering to create a “mammoth,” instead of an animal that might have several abnormalities or deformities, would be to see what kind of calf it creates. In that case, jumping to surrogacy too quickly without significant lab-bench experimentation first would be “unethical,” she says.
One way to get this right is to increase transparency wherever possible, says Herridge. This means releasing data from the Church lab more readily than has been done so far, she says.
HOW IT COULD GO RIGHT
Despite her concerns, Herridge is still optimistic about what we might learn along the way to producing baby woolly mammoths — whether we ever get there or not.
“The best outcome would be amazing collateral advances in our knowledge about mammoths and the ice age ecosystem [and] the application of those biotechnology tools to really press conservation issues for species that are close to extinction today,” says Herridge. “That's what I think would be the most important stuff.”
The quake was so ruinous, humans fled the area for 1,000 years.
The earthquake sent waves as high as 66 feet 5000 miles across the Pacific Ocean.
(Image credit: Shutterstock)
Archaeologists have found evidence of the largest known earthquake in human history — a terrifying magnitude-9.5 megaquake that caused a 5,000-mile-long (8,000 kilometers) tsunami and prompted human populations to abandon nearby coastlines for 1,000 years, a new study finds.
The earthquake struck about 3,800 years ago in what is now northern Chile when a tectonic plate rupture lifted the region's coastline. The subsequent tsunami was so powerful, it created waves as high as 66 feet (20 meters) and traveled all the way to New Zealand, where it hurled car-size boulders hundreds of miles inland, the researchers found.
Until now, the largest earthquake ever recorded was the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, which hit southern Chile with a magnitude between 9.4 and 9.6, killing up to 6,000 people and sending tsunamis barreling across the Pacific Ocean. The rupture that caused the Valdivia earthquake was enormous, extending as far as 500 miles (800 km) in length. But, as scientists detail in research published April 6 in the journal Science Advances, the newly discovered ancient megaquake was even bigger, coming from a rupture roughly 620 miles (1,000 km) long.
"It had been thought that there could not be an event of that size in the north of the country simply because you could not get a long enough rupture," study co-author James Goff, a geologist at the University of Southampton in England, said in a statement.
Like the Valdivia earthquake, the ancient quake was a megathrust earthquake, the most powerful type of earthquake in the world. These earthquakes occur when one of Earth's tectonic plates gets forced, or subducted, underneath another. The two plates eventually get locked into place by friction, but the forces that caused the plates to collide continue to build. Eventually, so much strain gathers that the point of contact between the plates rips apart, creating a gigantic rupture and releasing energy in the form of devastating seismic waves.
Evidence for the giant quake was found in marine and coastal items — such as littoral deposits (boulders, pebbles and sand native to coastal regions) and marine rocks, shells and sea life — that the researchers discovered displaced far inland in Chile's Atacama Desert.
"We found evidence of marine sediments and a lot of beasties that would have been living quietly in the sea before being thrown inland," Goff said in the statement. "And we found all these very high up and a long way inland, so it could not have been a storm that put them there."
To get a better sense of what brought these deposits so far from the sea, the researchers used radiocarbon dating. This method involves measuring the quantities of carbon 14, a radioactive carbon isotope, found inside a material to determine its age. As carbon 14 is everywhere on Earth, deposits easily absorb it while they form. The half-life of carbon 14, or the time it takes for half of it to radioactively decay, is 5,730 years, making it ideal for scientists who want to peer back into the last 50,000 years of history by checking how much undecayed carbon 14 a material has.
After dating 17 deposits across seven separate dig sites over 370 miles (600 km) of Chile's northern coast, the researchers found that the ages of the out-of-place coastal material suggested that it had been washed inland some 3,800 years ago.
Further evidence also came in the form of ancient stone structures that the archaeologists excavated. These stone walls, built by humans, were found lying beneath the tsunami's deposits, and some were lying backward, pointing toward the sea, suggesting that they had been toppled by the strong currents of the tsunami's backwash.
"The local population there were left with nothing," Goff said. "Our archaeological work found that a huge social upheaval followed as communities moved inland beyond the reach of tsunamis. It was over 1,000 years before people returned to live at the coast again, which is an amazing length of time given that they relied on the sea for food.
As this is the oldest known discovery in the Southern Hemisphere of an earthquake and tsunami devastating human lives, the researchers are excited to probe the region further. They think their research could better inform us of the potential dangers of future megathrust quakes.
"While this had a major impact on people in Chile, the South Pacific islands were uninhabited when they took a pummeling from the tsunami 3,800 years ago," Goff said. "But they are all well-populated now, and many are popular tourist destinations. So when such an event occurs next time, the consequences could be catastrophic unless we learn from these findings."
A new global analysis of the last 19 million years of seafloor spreading rates found they have been slowing down. Geologists want to know why the seafloor is getting sluggish.
New oceanic crust forms continuously along rifts thousands of miles long on the seafloor, driven by plate tectonics. As subduction pulls old crust down, rifts open up like fissures in an effusive volcano, drawing hot crust toward the surface. Once at the surface, the crust begins to cool and gets pushed away from the rift, replaced by hotter, younger crust.
Painting of the Mid-Ocean Ridge with rift axis by Heinrich Berann based on the scientific profiles of Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen (1977).
This cycle is called seafloor spreading, and its rate shapes many global processes, including sea level and the carbon cycle. Faster rates tend to cause more volcanic activity, which releases greenhouse gases, so deciphering spreading rates helps contextualize long-term changes in the atmosphere.
Dalton and her co-authors studied magnetic records for 18 of the world's largest spreading ridges, using seafloor ages and their areas to calculate how much ocean crust each ridge has produced over the last 19 million years. Each ridge evolved a little differently: some lengthened, some shrank; some sped up, but almost all slowed down. The overall result of Dalton's work is that average seafloor spreading slowed down by as much as 40% over that time.
(stock image only)
Today, spreading rates top out around 140 millimeters per year, but peaked around 200 millimeters per year just 15 million years ago in some places, according to the new study. The study was published in the AGU journal Geophysical Research Letters, which publishes high-impact, short-format reports with immediate implications spanning all Earth and space sciences.
The slowdown is a global average, the result of varying spreading rates from ridge to ridge. The study examined 18 ridges, but took a particularly close look at the eastern Pacific, home to some of the globe's fastest spreading ridges. Because these slowed greatly, some by nearly 100 millimeters per year slower compared to 19 million years ago, they dragged down the world's average spreading rates.
It's a complex problem to solve, made more difficult by the seafloor's slow and steady self-destruction.
"We know more about the surfaces of some other planets than we do our own seafloor," said Colleen Dalton, a geophysicist at Brown University who led the new study. "One of the challenges is the lack of perfect preservation. The seafloor is destroyed, so we're left with an incomplete record."
The seafloor is destroyed in subduction zones, where oceanic crust slides under continents and sinks back into the mantle, and is reforged at seafloor spreading ridges. This cycle of creation and destruction takes about every 180 million years, the age of the oldest seafloor. The crust's magnetic record tracks this pattern, producing identifiable strips every time the Earth's magnetic field reverses.
Dalton and her co-authors studied magnetic records for 18 of the world's largest spreading ridges, using seafloor ages and their areas to calculate how much ocean crust each ridge has produced over the last 19 million years. Each ridge evolved a little differently: some lengthened, some shrank; some sped up, but almost all slowed down. The overall result of Dalton's work is that average seafloor spreading slowed down by as much as 40% over that time.
The driver here might be located at subduction zones rather than spreading ridges: for example, as the Andes grow along the western edge of the South American continent, the mountains push down on the crust.
"Think of it as increased friction between the two colliding tectonic plates," Dalton said. "A slowdown in convergence there could ultimately cause a slowdown in spreading at nearby ridges." A similar process could have operated underneath the Himalaya, with the rapidly growing range slowing spreading along the ridges in the Indian Ocean.
However, Dalton points out, this added friction can't be the only driver of the slowdown, because she found slowing rates globally and mountain growth is regional. Larger-scale processes, like changes in mantle convection, could also be playing a role. In all likelihood, she concludes, it's a combination of both. To learn more, Dalton hopes to collect absolute plate speeds, rather than the relative speeds used in this study, which will better allow her to determine the cause of the slowdown.
OCEANISCHE SPREIDING GAAT STEEDS LANGZAMER - EN WETENSCHAPPERS BEGRIJPEN ER NIETS VAN
OCEANISCHE SPREIDING GAAT STEEDS LANGZAMER - EN WETENSCHAPPERS BEGRIJPEN ER NIETS VAN
Vivian Lammerse
Tragere spreidingssnelheden kunnen leiden tot een daling van de uitstoot van broeikasgassen door vulkanen. En dus willen onderzoekers hier het fijne van weten.
Wetenschappers hebben ineen nieuwe studie de zogenaamde ‘oceanische spreiding’ gedurende de afgelopen 19 miljoen jaar geanalyseerd. Het leidt tot een frappante ontdekking. Want uit de analyse blijkt dat de oceanische spreiding tegenwoordig een stuk langzamer gaat. Maar waarom?
Oceanische spreiding Aangedreven door platentektoniek vormt zich voortdurend een nieuwe oceanische korst langs duizenden kilometers lange spleten op de zeebodem. In zekere zin zou je kunnen zeggen dat het aardoppervlak hier dus groeit. Maar onze planeet wordt niet groter, doordat de groei gecompenseerd wordt door subductie die elders plaatsvindt. Hierbij wordt de oude korst naar beneden getrokken. Uit de aardmantel komt warm materiaal omhoog in de vorm van magma, dat de ruimte die in de korst ontstaat, opvult. Dit magma zorgt vervolgens voor vulkanisme op de plaatgrens, waardoor er een nieuwe korst van gestold magma wordt gevormd. Eenmaal aan de oppervlakte koelt de korst af en wordt weggeduwd van de spleet waar vervolgens weer meer nieuwe korst kan ontstaan. En deze cyclus noemen we oceanische spreiding.
Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain
Snelheid De snelheid van de oceanische spreiding bepaalt veel mondiale processen, waaronder het zeeniveau en de koolstofcyclus. Wanneer de oceanische spreiding versnelt, kan dit leiden tot meer vulkanisme, waardoor er weer meer broeikasgassen vrijkomen. Wanneer de oceanische spreiding vertraagt, kan dit juist leiden tot een daling van de uitstoot van broeikasgassen door vulkanen. Kortom, het ontcijferen van de spreidingssnelheden helpt om langetermijnveranderingen in de atmosfeer in kaart te brengen.
Studie In het nieuwe onderzoek bestudeerde het team 18 verschillende oceanische ruggen waar oceanische spreiding plaatsvindt. In het bijzonder concentreerden de onderzoekers zich op ruggen in de oostelijke Stille Oceaan. De onderzoekers bepaalden de leeftijd van de zeebodem om zo te berekenen hoeveel oceaankorst elke rug in de afgelopen 19 miljoen jaar heeft gevormd.
Langzamer Uit de resultaten blijkt dat elke rug een beetje anders is geëvolueerd; sommige werden langer terwijl andere slonken. Maar opvallend genoeg was er één gemeenschappelijke deler: op bijna alle ruggen verloopt de oceanische spreiding tegenwoordig een stuk langzamer. De onderzoekers komen zelfs tot de verrassende ontdekking dat de gemiddelde oceanische verspreiding gedurende de laatste 19 miljoen jaar met maar liefst 40 procent is vertraagd.
Waarom? De prangende vraag is natuurlijk waarom de oceanische spreiding vertraagt. Dit is echter niet zo gemakkelijk te achterhalen, mede door de langzame en gestage zelfvernietiging van de zeebodem (in de eerder genoemde subductiezones). “We weten meer over de oppervlakken van sommige andere planeten dan over onze eigen zeebodem,” zegt onderzoeker Colleen Dalton. “Eén van de uitdagingen is het gebrek aan bewaring. De zeebodem wordt vernietigd, dus we beschikken niet over alle informatie.”
Subductiezones De onderzoekers hebben wel een theorie. Zo vermoeden ze dat we het antwoord in de subductiezones moeten zoeken. Als de Andes bijvoorbeeld groeit aan de westelijke rand van het Zuid-Amerikaanse continent, dan drukken de bergen op de korst. “Zie het als een verhoogde wrijving tussen twee botsende, tektonische platen,” legt Dalton uit. “Een vertraging van de convergentie zou daar uiteindelijk een vertraging van de verspreiding op nabijgelegen bergkammen kunnen veroorzaken.”
Combinatie Dalton wijst er echter op dat deze extra wrijving niet de enige oorzaak van de vertraging hoeft te zijn. Ook grootschaligere processen, zoals veranderingen in mantelconvectie, kunnen een rol spelen. “Naar alle waarschijnlijkheid is het een combinatie van beide,” zo concludeert ze.
Waarom de oceanische verspreiding dus vertraagt? Vooralsnog moeten onderzoekers ons het antwoord schuldig blijven. Om het mysterie te onthullen, hoopt Dalton in vervolgonderzoek absolute, plaatselijke spreidingssnelheden te verzamelen. Hierdoor denkt ze de oorzaak van de vertraging beter te kunnen bepalen.
History’s most twisted round of “which of these things do not belong” is playing out on the floor of the Black Sea this week because Russia may have lost nuclear weapons when its warship sank there.
“Russian warship Moskva may have been carrying two nuclear warheads when it was sunk by a Ukrainian missile strike yesterday. Intel and news reports conflicting,” lawyer Tristan Snell said on Twitter yesterday. “This is a huge story to watch.”
Given the high number of nukes and the country’s violence it’s not out of the question to think Russia might be trying to blow something up. Their actions in Mariupol show they have little regard for innocent civilian lives, and if they capture the city Russia’s army will have more access to a central location that provides strategic and logistical benefits.
It’s hard to say for sure, but it’s possible Russia had big plans for the nukes. Now they’re sleeping with the fishes.
Enough rare earth minerals have been found off Japan to last centuries
Rare earths are important materials for green technology, as well as medicine and manufacturing
Where would we be without all of our rare-earth magnets?
Rare earth elements are a set of 17 metals that are integral to our modern lifestyle and efforts to produce ever-greener technologies. The “rare” designation is a bit of a misnomer: It’s not that they’re not plentiful, but rather that they’re found in small concentrations, and are especially difficult to successfully extract since they blend in with and resemble other minerals in the ground. China currently produces over 90% of the world’s supply of rare metals, with seven other countries mining the rest. So though they’re not precisely “rare,” they are scarce. In 2010, the U.S. Department of energy issued a report that warned of a critical shortage of five of the elements. Now, however, Japan has found a massive deposit of rare earths sufficient to supply the world’s needs for hundreds of years.
The rare earth metals can be mostly found in the second row from the bottom in the Table of Elements. According to the Rare Earth Technology Alliance, due to the “unique magnetic, luminescent, and electrochemical properties, these elements help make many technologies perform with reduced weight, reduced emissions, and energy consumption; or give them greater efficiency, performance, miniaturization, speed, durability, and thermal stability.”
In order of atomic number, the rare earths are:
Scandium or Sc (21) — This is used in TVs and energy-saving lamps.
Yttrium or Y (39) — Yttrium is important in the medical world, used in cancer drugs, rheumatoid arthritis medications, and surgical supplies. It’s also used in superconductors and lasers.
Lanthanum or La (57) — Lanthanum finds use in camera/telescope lenses, special optical glasses, and infrared absorbing glass.
Cerium or Ce (58) — Cerium is found in catalytic converters, and is used for precision glass-polishing. It’s also found in alloys, magnets, electrodes, and carbon-arc lighting.
Praseodymium or Pr (59) — This is used in magnets and high-strength metals.
Neodymium or Nd (60) — Many of the magnets around you have neodymium in them: speakers and headphones, microphones, computer storage, and magnets in your car. It’s also found in high-powered industrial and military lasers. The mineral is especially important for green tech. Each Prius motor, for example, requires 2.2 lbs of neodymium, and its battery another 22-33 lbs. Wind turbine magnets require 43.2 kilograms of neodymium per megawatt of power.
Promethium or Pm (61) — This is used in pacemakers, watches, and research.
Samarium or Sm (62) — This mineral is used in magnets in addition to intravenous cancer radiation treatments and nuclear reactor control rods.
Europium or Eu (63) — Europium is used in color displays and compact fluorescent light bulbs.
Gadolinium or Gd (64) — It’s important for nuclear reactor shielding, cancer radiation treatments, as well as x-ray and bone-density diagnostic equipment.
Terbium or Tb (65) — Terbium has similar uses to Europium, though it’s also soft and thus possesses unique shaping capabilities .
Dysprosium or Dy (66) — This is added to other rare-earth magnets to help them work at high temperatures. It’s used for computer storage, in nuclear reactors, and in energy-efficient vehicles.
Holmium or Ho (67) — Holmium is used in nuclear control rods, microwaves, and magnetic flux concentrators.
Erbium or Er (68) — This is used in fiber-optic communication networks and lasers.
Thulium or Tm (69) — Thulium is another laser rare earth.
Ytterbium or Yb (70) — This mineral is used in cancer treatments, in stainless steel, and in seismic detection devices.
Lutetium or Lu (71) — Lutetium can target certain cancers, and is used in petroleum refining and positron emission tomography.
Minimatori Torishima Island
(Chief Master Sergeant Don Sutherland, U.S. Air Force)
Japan located the rare earths about 1,850 kilometers off the shore of Minamitori Island. Engineers located the minerals in 10-meter-deep cores taken from sea floor sediment. Mapping the cores revealed and area of approximately 2,500 square kilometers containing rare earths.
Japan’s engineers estimate there’s 16 million tons of rare earths down there. That’s five times the amount of the rare earth elements ever mined since 1900. According to Business Insider, there’s “enough yttrium to meet the global demand for 780 years, dysprosium for 730 years, europium for 620 years, and terbium for 420 years.”
The bad news, of course, is that Japan has to figure out how to extract the minerals from 6-12 feet under the seabed four miles beneath the ocean surface — that’s the next step for the country’s engineers. The good news is that the location sits squarely within Japan’s Exclusive Economic Zone, so their rights to the lucrative discovery will be undisputed.
During a research expedition that sounds indistinguishable from the first act of a horror movie, a team of intrepid scientists have discovered dozens of ancient, never-before-seen viruses within a sample of Tibetan ice.
The Ohio State University researchers behind the work are curious about how viruses have changed in response to shifting climates, according to a university press release. Of the 33 viruses they found in the ice, 28 are brand new to science, according to research published in the journal Microbiome on Tuesday — and probing their genetic codes could help explain the secrets of how life can survive extreme conditions both elsewhere on Earth and potentially even in places like Mars.
Let’s just hope that none of them infect anybody.
Veggie Viruses
Fortunately, the new viruses appear to have made their homes in ancient plants and soil-dwelling organisms rather than humans or animals before they froze abut 15,000 years ago. And the survivors seem to have fared so well all this time because they thrive in the harsh colds, not in spite of them.
“We know very little about viruses and microbes in these extreme environments, and what is actually there,” senior study author and Ohio State earth scientist Lonnie Thompson said in the release. “The documentation and understanding of that is extremely important: How do bacteria and viruses respond to climate change? What happens when we go from an ice age to a warm period like we’re in now?”
To that end, the researchers hope that the ancient viruses will help them piece together a sort of fossil record for the area — by peering at the viruses that lived farther back in time, they hope they’ll be able to paint a better picture of what the environment was like than ever before.
There are quite a few exceptional and extraordinarily cities in the world. Some are famous for their massive size and population, others for their scenic natural beauty while some are also renowned for their incredible architecture be it modern or medieval. It’s no secret that these amazing cities attract millions of tourists every year but did you know there are some places that might be so extreme that people would choose to steer clear of them? Turns out there’s some insanely dangerous cities built on the very edge of safety. After you finish watching this video may feel that something was seriously wrong with the people who built these. But fact is that they do exist and today we will introduce you to the most incredible of these cities.
Third Shipwreck Today, This One Has Treasure! March 20, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Third Shipwreck Today, This One Has Treasure! March 20, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Below you see lots of boxes holding treasure. The weight of the treasure makes the boxes stay in the same place they were when the ship sunk.
Date of discovery: March 20, 2022 Location of discovery: Uluma Reef, Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea
Google Coordinates: 11° 6'23.30"S 150°57'47.66"E
I was going over Google Earth Map and had a bit of bad luck today. Found a third sunken ship. This one was laden with treasure. The wooden hull of the craft is mostly gone, but its boxes of metallic objects, coins, swords, cannons and more are strewn about. I also see an area where there are about 8-10 wooden boxes with treasure in them. By now the wood is mostly gone, but the treasure is visible when I use a special focus on my photo program. It really pops out. There is something there, maybe millions worth of gold and silver, just waiting for someone to go get it.
This might not look like a shipwreck to many people, but as you know...I have an eye for it. It takes years of practice before it's easy to do.
There is also a legend of a Japanese transport (plane or ship is unknown) in WWII that left Papua New Guinea with 375 million US in gold bars, heading to Japan with boxes of gold bricks. I wonder, if this is that aircraft? Aircraft metal would deteriorate faster since is thin aluminum and corrodes more easily. The thickness of the craft does seem similar to what we see here. Also would explain the debris field around it.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
I believe it's the metallic luminosity of gold that causes the photo to adjust this was below. The boxes are gone, but the gold bars mostly remain, some is strewn about.
Second Ancient Shipwreck Today Found On Google Earth, March 20, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Second Ancient Shipwreck Today Found On Google Earth, March 20, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: March 20, 2022
Location of discovery: Pana Waipona Island
Google coordinates: 11°16'8.27"S 152° 8'37.59"E
More bad news, didn't find a UFO or base, but found a second sunken ship. This one is torn into three pieces and sits about 5-10 meters below the ocean water. This one would be 50-60meters long and 8 meters wide. very cool and strange, but since it is a discovery of another unknown shipwreck I decided to post it here to share. Maybe one day some treasure hunters will find this post and say...lets go explore it. Only by understanding our past, can we understand our future.
Ancient Shipwreck Off Island Of Sabara, Google Earth Map, March 20, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Ancient Shipwreck Off Island Of Sabara, Google Earth Map, March 20, 2022, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: March 20, 2022
Location of discovery: Island of Sabara, Netherlands Google coordinates: 11° 6'14.40"S 153° 4'52.84"E
I was searching on Google Earth map when I found an old ship wreck of the edge of Sabara Island. Google ruler measures the ship to be 40 meters long and 7.5 meters wide. I can clearly see a tall mast at its back quarter area. The hull of the ship is dark in the depth of the ocean, and its difficult to decide if its metal or wooden. This doesn't resemble any fishing vessel I have ever seen. I think for this wreck to go overlooked for so long, it must be a few hundred years old. I thought this one is undocumented and may be of archeological value to a museum who wishes to explore and recover any museum worthy material it may have. I believe it to be an undocumented ship wreck. I could find nothing of it when doing a Google search.
A visit to the beach is something we often look forward to. There’s nothing quite like letting off some steam by just sitting on the coastline and enjoying the view of the sea and the waves crashing. But sometimes, an innocent wave might drop off something unexpected and take you by surprise.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
