The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
04-08-2018
‘Priceless’ 2,800-year-old Ancient Treasure Found In The Mountains Of Kazakhstan
‘Priceless’ 2,800-year-old Ancient Treasure Found In The Mountains Of Kazakhstan
The recently found treasure trove has been described as priceless by the team of archaeologists that made the discovery.
A stunning discovery has been made in the mountains of Kazakhstan. Researchers have uncovered around 3,000 gold and precious-metal objects in a remote burial mount, hidden deep within the remote Tarbagatai mountains in Kazakhstan, local media reported.
Archaeologists described the treasure trove as ‘priceless’ Image Credit: East-Kazakhstan region/east2west
It is believed that “incalculable” treasure belonged to members of the royalty or the nobility of the Saka people, who dominated Central Asia eight centuries before the birth of Christ. Researchers recovered bell-shaped gold earrings, golden plates, buckles for clothing, chains, and necklaces with precious stones.
But in addition to the fact that the amount of item caught experts by surprise, researchers shave been left awestruck by the precision with which these jewels were manufactured.
The ‘priceless’ treasure features earrings in the shape of bells, gold plates with rivets, plaques, chains, and a necklace with precious stones. Image Credit: East-Kazakhstan region/east2west
The ancient civilization clearly had sophisticated and advanced skills in mining, or extraction, selling and jewelry making, Akhmetov explained.
“We are the heirs of the great people and great technologies,” he said.
Reports suggest that gold necklaces that decorate the clothes were made using sophisticated micro-welding techniques.
This shows great knowledge in the field of metallurgy and indicates an exceptional level for the time in terms of jewelry manufacturing skills.
This points to a highly sophisticated civilization.
According to researchers, the “steppe civilization” of the saka reached an extraordinary level, unlike anything researchers previously thought.
While experts have recovered the massive ancient treasure, they have still not found who it belonged to.
However, archaeologists expect that new excavations will reveal the owners of the treasure shortly.
Professor Zainolla Samashev, in charge of the excavations, said: “A large number of valuable finds in this burial mound let us believe a man and a woman are buried here – the reigning persons or people who belonged to the elite of Saka society.”
British Scientists Claim They Have ‘Solved’ The Mystery Of The Bermuda Triangle
British Scientists Claim They Have ‘Solved’ The Mystery Of The Bermuda Triangle
The mystery of the Bermuda Triangle has baffled scientists, and captivated the public, for decades.
Source:istock
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The Bermuda Triangle Mystery Has Been Solved
A team of British scientists from the University of Southampton believes they have solved the mystery of how ships go missing in the Bermuda Triangle. While their theory does not account for how planes seem to disappear in the area also known as the Devil’s Triangle, it may be the first plausible explanation for one half of the mystery. The Bermuda Triangle is a parcel of ocean in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean which stretches 700,000 square km (270,271 square miles) between Florida, Bermuda, and Puerto Rico. Regarded as one of the most treacherous areas on Earth to travel, the Bermuda Triangle has claimed the lives of over 1,000 people in the past 100 years.
According to Fox News, the answer they have arrived at, while not as mysterious as the “electronic fog” or “methane gas” theories, is within the realm of reality. They believe the mystery of Devil’s Triangle ship disappearances can be chalked up to a phenomena known as rogue waves. A rogue wave is the product of at least two major weather systems converging on one another from opposite directions over open water. The phenomena had been theorized long ago; however, there was never any concrete evidence of their existence until 1997 when one was caught on satellite footage off the coast of South Africa. At that time, it was no longer a tale told by mariners, and it became a reality.
Tom Latimer@Twatimer
I'm watching a doc on t.v. about the Bermuda triangle and it's well disappointing just about science and facts not the weird stuff. They are saying this big ship went missing because of a huge wave. I don't care about that just lie to me.
From the standpoint of a meteorologist, the Bermuda Triangle is the perfect cauldron to create a zone friendly for the convergence of major weather systems, which is what is necessary to create rogue waves. The region experiences storms that sweep through on a regular basis that are formed to its north and south. That alone has the potential to create a rogue wave; however, they may not be large enough to actually sink large vessels and can be chalked up to rough seas associated to the passage of any major system. The real danger lies within the convergence of systems from the north and south converging on a system coming in from Florida. That is when a rogue wave can potentially reach a height of 100 feet or more and be deadly, wreaking complete destruction on a massive ship in the space of two to three minutes.
Simulators have been created to mimic rogue waves, and the ship that was tested first against them was a replica of the USS Cyclops which disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle in 1918, claiming 306 lives. For reference, the USS Cyclops was a massive Proteus-class collier that was 542 feet long, with a displacement of 19,360 long tons. When she went down, she was hauling 10,800 long tons of manganese ore, and her loss resulted in the greatest U.S.N. loss of life on a ship that was not the result of combat. In simulators, scale models of the USS Cyclops are usually overcome with water within a few minutes and sink.
Herald Sun✔@theheraldsun
It's one of the world's greatest mysteries.
But scientists now believe they have figured out why 1000 people died in the Bermuda Triangle.
As simulators can’t exactly replicate nature 100 percent accurately, stress points on models are also studied and reveal the possibility that with certain angles of impact against flat-bottom ships, such as the USS Cyclops, it would be possible for a rogue wave to snap the ship in half. Because rogue waves only last for a few minutes, ships can be overtaken prior to getting mayday calls out, and there would be no physical indicators on the surface of the ocean to indicate the anomaly ever took place.
Dr. Simon Boxall, an ocean and earth scientist, concurred that the Bermuda Triangle is the perfect genesis location for rogue waves, as reported by News Australia.
“There are storms to the south and north, which come together. And if there are additional ones from Florida, it can be a potentially deadly formation of rogue waves. They are steep, they are high – we’ve measured waves in excess of 30 metres.”
While the entire scientific community isn’t sold on the theory just yet, it is generally agreed upon that this is the most scientifically plausible reason for Bermuda Triangle ship disappearances put forth so far, as per Accuweather.
10 Pieces Of Evidence To Show Ancient Egyptians Were Guided By Aliens
10 Pieces Of Evidence To Show Ancient Egyptians Were Guided By Aliens
When Moses was alive, these pyramids were a thousand years old. Here began the history of architecture. Here people learned to measure time by a calendar, to plot the stars by astronomy and chart the earth by geometry. And here they developed that most awesome of all ideas – the idea of eternity.
Walter Cronkite
For a long time now there has been much talk about an advanced alien species being responsible for Ancient Egypt’s incredible structures, as pyramids and temples – a lot of facts have been buried away, never to be seen by the public. However some suggestions about alien life in Ancient Egypt could be evidence-based facts.
1 – Ancient alien artefacts from Egypt in Jerusalem
Exclusive artefacts found in Petrie’s former Jerusalem home may link ancient Egyptians to advanced extra terrestrial civilization
A YouTube video released by the website Paranormal Crucible purports to show ancient Egyptian sculpture artifacts originally found in the “Giza complex,” but reportedly taken away from Petrie’s Jerusalem home by representatives of the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum shortly after they were found, according to the website UFO Sightings Daily.
Shepard Ambellas, editor-in-chief of the “alternative news” website Intellihub News, informs thatalien Egyptian artifacts were discovered hidden in a secret room behind the bookcase in Petrie’s house. It was rumoured that Egyptologist had uncovered evidence of extraterrestrial life and possibly history on earth before he died in 1942, and for whatever reason chose to keep his findings a secret. After the Rockefeller Museum had taken possession of the artefacts, alien enthusiasts are baffled they may never be accessible to the public.
However, Ambellas claims that some of the relics may be seen at the Petri Museum of Egyptian Archaeology in Malet Place, Camden, near Gower Street, London.
Exclusive artefacts found in Petrie’s former Jerusalem home may link ancient Egyptians to advanced extra terrestrial civilization. They include two mummified bodies less than four feet in height appear “possibly alien in nature.” The skeletal structure of the mummies has stereotypical alien “elongated heads, large eye sockets, and long spinal arms.”
2 – Who built the pyramids?
Is it possible that Egyptians used superior technology from alien visitors thousands of years ago?
With their precise measurements and alignments with celestial bodies and magnetic north, it has long been argued that our ancestors around 4,600 years ago would have been unable to physically build the ancient Pyramids of Giza.
But, one theory claims to have cracked how they did it – claiming Egyptians used superior technology from alien visitors thousands of years ago.
But added to that, the shocking theory claims they were built much earlier than our history books tell us and that it was actually about 12,500 years ago when there were no civilised human societies on the planet.
Positioning of the three Pyramids of Giza are exactly aligned with the position of the three stars in the belt of Orion, as they were in 10,500 BC.
The Ancient Aliens or Ancient Astronauts conspiracy theory claims that monuments like the great pyramids, or even Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, in the UK, could not have been created using the human technology available at the time.
So from this mystery, the theory takes the giant leap that it must have been advanced alien visitors who actually did it.
These other worldly visitors were then revered as Gods by our ancestors, who then worshiped them from these ancient monuments.
3 – Pharaohs of ancient Egypt were alien hybrids
Left:Tutankhamun / Right:Akhenaten
The latest new genetic studies suggests that a lineage of Egyptian pharaohs were subjected to wilful genetic manipulation by a technologically advanced Alien civilization – this could very well be the truth that this planet needs in confirming that designers and builders of the impressive pyramids had a very strong connection with ET beings that originated elsewhere in the universe, far far away.
It was a gentleman called ‘Stuart Fleischmann’, who is the Assistant Professor of Comparative Genomics at the Swiss University in Cairo and his team who have recently published the results of a long 7-year study that mapped the genomes of 9 ancient Egyptian Pharaohs. If proven correct, their findings could potentially change the world’s history books forever and our understanding of our place in the Universe!
Akhenaten’s wife, Queen Nefertiti, and their children depicted with similar bizarre shape elongated heads
This potentially incredible find started when Fleischmann and his team of scientists subjected the precious samples of ancient DNA to a process called Polymerse Chain Reaction (otherwise known as PCR). In the field of molecular biology this technique is often used to replicate and amplify a single copy of a piece of DNA, which gives researchers a far clearer picture of someone’s genetic fingerprint.
The most exciting thing had happened after this initial test had taken place and Eight out of nine samples had returned with rather interesting but typical results. The ninth sample belonged to Akhenaten, the enigmatic 14th century BC pharaoh and father of Tutankhamun. It was a small fragment of desiccated brain tissue which had been the source of the DNA sample of which the test was then repeated using bone tissue – but still the same results were obtained. But none of these results were coming back completely normal.
4 – Alien coins
Ancient coins prove aliens once lived openly among us centuries ago, claim conspiracists
A number of very rare coins were found by a group of people who worked on the renovation of a house in southern Egypt. One coin seems to depict a spacecraft flying above the ground while another one shows the head of anextra-terrestrial being with an extremely large head with bulging black eyes. These characteristics are commonly associated with aliens.
According to Mysterious earth.netcoins were called unique because other coins have “no images of a strange human figure.”
As other UFO hunters they believe the recent discovery points to a planned return of the alien race to Earth at some time in the future.
Conspiracy theorists suggest these coins may have been a true alien currency, and if yes, is it possible that aliens participate in foreign trades or trades in general?
Mysterious earth.net also notes that one of the coins – which have not been authenticated – has “OPPORTUNUS Adest” carved on the back, Latin for “it’s here in due time”.
Information regarding this finding is still coming out, however no experts have verified the coins are real.
5 – Ancient Egypt illuminated by electricity?
Mysterious carvings on a wall at the Dendera complex in Egypt
The most widely cited evidence that the ancient Egyptians used electricity is a relief beneath the Temple of Hathor at Dendera, Egypt that depicts figures standing around a large light-bulb-like object.
The socket is represented by what appears to be a lotus flower with a stem that runs like a cable along the bottom of the “device.” Inside the “bulb” is a snake-like line winding its way out of the lotus flower “socket.” According to supporters of the hypothesis that this depicts an electrical light, such as Erich Von Däniken who wrote “Chariot of the Gods,” the snake represents the filament of the bulb.
Von Däniken created a working model of the bulb in the laboratory which works, emitting an eerie, purplish light.
He used the same measurements, including two metal beams that look like arms stretched into the big end of the bulb, and a wire connecting those beams with the “socket” at the other end.
But where did the power come from to light the bulb in ancient Egypt?
6 – Mysterious alignment of ancient sites
There have been numerous theories that ancient structures around the globe were specifically positioned by its ancient builder’s thousands of years ago.
The sites: Giza, Siwa, Tassili n’Ajjer, Paratoari, Ollantaytambo, Machupicchu, Nazca, Easter Island, Aneityum Island, Preah Vihear, Sukhothai, Pyay, Khajuraho, Mohenjo Daro, Persepolis, Ur, Petra are shown clockwise from Giza on the equal azimuthal projection.
The projection is centered on the axis point in southeastern Alaska. Distances to any location from the center of an equal azimuthal projection are equally scaled.
Since all of the sites on the great circle alignment are equally distant from the axis point at one quarter of the circumference of the earth, the alignment forms a perfect circle halfway between the center and the outer edge of the projection.
The Great Pyramid is aligned with Machupicchu, the Nazca lines and Easter Island along a straight line around the center of the Earth, within a margin of error of less than one tenth of one degree of latitude.
Other sites of ancient construction that are also within one tenth of one degree of this line include: Perseopolis, the capital city of ancient Persia; Mohenjo Daro, the ancient capital city of the Indus Valley; and the lost city of Petra. The Ancient Sumarian city of Ur and the temples at Angkor Wat are within one degree of latitude of this line.
The alignment of these sites is easily observable on a globe of the Earth with a horizon ring. If you line up any two of these sites on the horizon ring, all of the sites will be right on the horizon ring. 3-D world atlas software programs can also draw this line around the Earth.
7 – Pyramids on Mars?
Few alleged pyramids and other ruins have been found on Mars (Image Source)
One of the most popular discoveries ever made – object of the size of the car which has a great similarity to the tomb complexes in Egypt. Some of the enthusiasts rise a question, was the ancient Egypt colonized by Mars or vice versa?
8 – 2,500-year -old Egyptian hieroglyphs in Australia
These hieroglyphs are evidence that Egyptians got around Australia, either via sailing or via space ships, or both. (Image Source)
The most mysterious and controversial site on the New South Wales Central Coast, known as the ‘Gosford Hieroglyphs’ is directly connected with history of ancient Egypt.
The glyphs site at Kariong features almost 300 engravings on two sandstone walls, which some believe are an example of an early form of Egyptian writing and have drawn widespread interest over the years.
In spite they have long been dismissed as fakes by authorities and academics since their discovery in the 1970s, there are still ongoing attempts to prove the theory they were carved by the ancient Egyptians.
Mohamed Ibrahim and Yousef Abd’el Hakim Awyan (who has studied ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs his entire life) worked with a group of people in order to translate the mysterious engravings. What was the result? Well, not only are the mysterious ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs in Australia authentic, the scribes accurately used several ancient hieroglyphs and ‘grammatical’ variations which, crucially, were not even documented in Egyptian hieroglyphic texts until 2012. The specific style of hieroglyphs used also provides a linguistic time-frame that places an Egyptian presence in Australia at least 2,500 years ago, while the translated text is even so detailed as to identify the ancient scribes, by name and occupation.
Many other researchers suggest that these archaic styles contain an early form of hieroglyphics and correlate with archaic Phoenician and Sumerian writing.
9 – Lost ancient Egyptian colony in Grand Canyon
Digital painting of Jakub Kowalczy (Image Source)
Is it possiblethat Egyptian navy had crossed the Pacific or Atlantic and come to Mexico and American Southwest before written history suggests? Could they have left an Egyptian tomb in the Grand Canyon, something similar to those found in the Valley of Kings near Luxor, Egypt?
According to the Phoenix Gazette story, published on April 5, 1909, a necropolis of mummies and artifacts similar to an Egyptian tomb was found in the Grand Canyon. An explorer named G. E. Kinkaid, it was reported, uncovered a series of catacombs complete with statues, swords, vessels, and mummies in 1908 (the exact date of the discovery is not given). The article notes that the mysterious set of caverns was located in an extremely remote part of the Grand Canyon, dangerous and nearly inaccessible. The alleged site is reportedly located 2 miles away from El Tovar Crystal Canyon.
Later on the Smithsonian Institute denied all claims indicating that no record of a so-called Kincaid or Professor Jordan exists in the Smithsonian’s Department of Anthropology Washington D.C. Nobody knows what happens to the artifacts described in the article, may be Professor Jordan had just disappeared with all the records of his discovery.
On January 28, 2006 Associated Press released the story which tells that remains of well-preserved Egyptian ships were found in five cars along the Read Sea. The ships were dated to be about 4,000 years old. According to the artefacts have been recovered the scientists claimed the ancient Egyptians were “excellent ship builders” and that they had a fleet capable of sailing to remote lands.
A relief at the temple of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut in Luxor, Egypt, carved ca. 1480 B.C., shows a merchant ship on a trading expedition. Vessel artifacts match this depiction.
Another interesting fact that points towards ancient Egyptians traveling to the Americas or vice-versa are the mummified remains of Lady Henut Taui. The unusual mummy, examined by German scientist Svetla Balabanova, contained traces of cocaine and nicotine. This discovery became groundbreaking because cocaine and tobacco were found in America only before and were not exported until 19th century. This fact allows one to suggest that ancient Egyptians could have traveled to America more than 3,000 years ago.
10 – Extraterrestrial origin of necklace beads
The ancient Egyptians would have seen a meteorite as an offering from the gods and this suggests the jewellery may have been created as gifts for royalty or people of high standing
Research done on this piece of necklace obtained from an excavation in 1911, has confirmed it to be made from space rock! Amazing! Isn’t it!
Here is a summary of the research:
The Researchers associated with the University College London’s Petrie Museum executed detailed analysis of the necklace utilizing gamma rays.
They concluded that the beads which were originally made of iron were fabricated utilizing fragments of meteorites.
The analysis also indicated for the assessment pertaining to the process of formation of beads with the process of smithing and rolling.
The process of smithing and rolling involves hammering the rock many numbers of times so that it can be flattened and rolled to bead shaped tubes.
he most fascinating aspect about the discovery is the fact that the analysis brings you close to the fact that divine characteristics have been associate to be with the meteorite. As in accordance with Joyce Tyldesley, an Egyptologist, University of Manchester, UK-‘The sky was very important to the ancient Egyptians’.
This hypothesis was challenged in the 1980s. The academics were of the notion that the worldwide examples of iron, which was initially thought to be of meteoritic origin, were actually the result of several attempts of smelting.
In accordance with Philip Withers, Professor of Materials Science, The University of Manchester-‘Meteorites have a unique micro structural and chemical fingerprint because they cooled incredibly slowly as they travelled through space’.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Satellite Photo Shows A Round Object Beneath Water Off Greek Coast
Satellite Photo Shows A Round Object Beneath Water Off Greek Coast
Ufologists online have come into a frenzy after the discovery of a mysterious circular shape on satellite maps of Google. They are speculating that it could be a hidden submersible off the coast of Greece.
Website Disclose.TV, which posts information about aliens and UFOs, got the people’s attention after it published the circular object online. The unidentified submersible object was reportedly viewed online through Google Maps in the Aegean Sea.
The object is approximately 220 feet long using the ruler on Google Earth for the measurement. It is not established whether the UFO has ever been seen for real or just the image as a result of an optical illusion, such as a trick of the light.
Several folks offer their suggestion as to what the satellite imagery is showing. Many of them believe that the mysterious thing is newly-found evidence that we are not alone.
One commentator says that something here doesn’t belong. They describe the find as an impressive catch and would love to hear the official excuses on this one.
A second person states that it is indeed weird as nothing in the area looks remotely like that object.
A more skeptical commenter said that the shadow underwater could be from the old pier.
However, for now, the actual cause of the bizarre shape stays a mystery. Anyone can view the location on Google Maps here.
Space Agency Observes Strange Flashes Of Light On the Moon
Space Agency Observes Strange Flashes Of Light On the Moon
Two great flashes of light were observed erupting on the dark side of the Moon. A sector of conspiracy theorists has suggested these lights could be alien UFOs.
On the nights of July 17 and 18, the Moon Impacts Detection and Analysis System (MIDAS) observed the bizarre phenomena.
MIDAS observatories in Spain search the Lunar surface on a daily basis for asteroid and meteor impacts.
According to the European Space Agency (ESA), the flashes were registered almost precisely 24 hours apart, apparently in pursuit of one another.
High-sensitivity CCD cameras capture detailed photographs of the bumpy surface of the moon that show the exact moment of impact.
Both MIDAS and the ESA agree the flashes were very much extraterrestrial in origin.
The force of impact is tremendous, but current estimate suggests that the extraterrestrial objects were no larger than the average walnut.
ESA said that transient flashes such as these are hard to study and challenging to determine the cause.
Three astronomical observatories in Spain work on behalf of the MIDAS project to scan the Moon for the transient flashes. They are equipped with powerful telescopes and CCD cameras to detect and try to identify the various impacts that rock the bright orb.
MIDAS believe that understanding these lunar impacts can help protect the Earth from similar dangers.
Deep inside Brazil, there are tunnels large enough for a person to walk through. They are neatly symmetrical—too neat to have been caused by any known geologic process. And they are lined with claw marks.
These megatunnels are probably the handiwork of giant ground sloths—humongous "paleoburrows" that no longer walk the Earth. But tens of thousands of years after these megafauna did their digging, those tunnels still dot this part of South America. Discover has a great feature up about it.
Claw marks
HEINRICH FRANKS
Up until the 2000s, little was known or written about this bounty of holes. But since he came upon his first one near Novo Hamburgo, Brazilian scientist Heinrich Frank has found more than 1,500 tunnels. Frank has found burrows that measure hundreds of feet long. Scientists have discovered one with branching tunnels that, when you measure the thing in its entirety, comes in at 2,000 feet long. It had to have been dug by many creatures over generations, not by one or two giant sloths.
The big open question is, Why? The tunnels appear to be much larger than any burrowing animal would need to get away from bad weather or hungry predators. As Frank tells Discover, "There's no explanation – not predators, not climate, not humidity. I really don't know."
Next week, astronauts on the International Space Station are getting a brand new room. Called the BEAM, short for Bigelow Expandable Activity Module, the room is launching on top of one of SpaceX's rockets on Friday; it will then be attached to the ISS sometime within the next four months. The BEAM, which is created by private company Bigelow Aerospace, will remain deflated during launch, but once in orbit, it will inflate up to four times its size, providing more overall volume for the interior of the ISS.
The BEAM isn't a permanent addition to the space station, though. It will only stay attached to the ISS for two years, and the astronauts will go inside the habitat very rarely. That's because the main goal of the BEAM is to test out if this expandable habitat technology actually works. A successful mission could be the first step to something bigger: an era when expandable space habitats orbit the Earth, allowing for scientists and tourists to visit these "space hotels."
THE PATH TO BEAM
The concept of expandable spacecraft isn't new. In the 1960s, NASA launched a series of expandable communication probes called the Echo satellites, which looked like big metallic balloons. The satellites inflated in space and turned into mirror-like reflectors that bounced signals from one spot on Earth to another. Since then, NASA and other private companies have toyed with the idea of scaling up expandable spacecraft so that they could house humans in space.
ONCE IN ORBIT, THE BEAM WILL INFLATE UP TO FOUR TIMES ITS SIZE
It wasn't until recently that technology advanced enough to turn expandable habitats into a reality. In 1991, NASA temporarily pursued the idea of an expandable module called the TransHab, which could connect to the ISS. "At that point, material science had matured," Mike Gold, the director of operations and business growth at Bigelow Aerospace, told The Verge. "Basically these were materials that were sufficiently robust to provide superior protection in the space environment, yet could be folded and manipulated." In the mid-1990s, NASA scrapped the idea, but Bigelow ultimately purchased the rights to the TransHab patents and has been working on expandable habitats for over15 years.
Bigelow Aerospace
Now, for the first time, the BEAM will be tested in space. The 3,000-pound module will ride into orbit on SpaceX's Dragon capsule, which is departing on Friday from Cape Canaveral, Florida, along with an additional 1,300 pounds of food, water, and supplies for the station. During transit, the cylindrical BEAM will be about 7 feet (2.16 meters) long and 7.7 feet (2.36 meters) in diameter. Once the Dragon reaches the station, the Canadian robotic arm will remove the module from the capsule and attach it to the Tranquility node of the ISS.
Within four months of the BEAM's attachment, the astronauts will start the habitat's inflation sequence and the BEAM will expand to its maximum capacity: about 13 feet (4.01 meters) long and 10.6 feet (3.23 meters) in diameter. That provides about 565 cubic feet (16 m^3) of volume in which astronauts can move around. However, the ISS crew will only enter the habitat about three to four times a year and for a few hours each visit. During these trips, the astronauts will collect data gathered by the BEAM's five sensors, letting NASA and Bigelow Aerospace know how the module is holding up in the space environment.
THE BENEFITS OF EXPANDABILITY
Bigelow boasts that the BEAM module will add an extra layer of protection for astronauts in space. The company won't say the exact materials that make up the module, but Bigelow claims the habitat's design can substantially reduce the effects of deep space radiation, since it isn't made of metal. When cosmic rays hit metallic space structures, the collisions can produce what is known as "secondary radiation" that further harms astronauts. The BEAM should cut down on that effect, according to Gold. The module’s proprietary material is also designed to protect against space debris, though the company won’t divulge exactly how.
One of the main draws of the BEAM is that it’s relatively lightweight for a space habitat. At 3,000 pounds, it is significantly lighter than the metal Unity module on the ISS, for instance, which is made of aluminum and weighs more than 26,000 pounds. NASA was able to transport Unity and the other large ISS modules into orbit thanks to the Space Shuttle, which had a large cargo bay capable of taking upwards of 50,000 pounds into space. But with the Shuttle now grounded and NASA lacking a heavy-lift vehicle, getting such heavy objects into space isn't an option at the moment. Expandable modules like the BEAM are light enough that they can be launched on orbital rockets like the SpaceX Falcon 9 or ULA's Atlas V rocket, which can't carry as much weight as the Shuttle.
AN ADVANTAGE OF BEAM IS THAT IT REMAINS COMPACT DURING TRANSIT
Another advantage of BEAM is that it remains compact during transit. That design allows Bigelow to get very large objects into space when there is limited room on available rockets. "The fact that you don’t need as big a launch vehicle to launch it means you’re not constrained by the size of the payload," said Jim Muncy, an independent space policy consultant at the Space Frontier Foundation. Because of this, Bigelow can potentially get more overall habitat volume into space using less rocket launches. "If you have to conduct two launches to put up the equivalent volume you can do with just one expandable habitat system, it's saving you the cost of that second launch, which is a dramatic cost savings," said Gold.
Plus, the lighter and smaller a module is, the less it costs to launch that module into orbit. The BEAM itself only cost $17.8 million to build, already making it one of the more affordable modules ever to attach to the ISS. And with reusable rockets bringing down the cost of spaceflight in general, getting an expandable habitat into space becomes even less expensive. "Just as commercial launch vehicles offer more capability per dollar in terms of getting stuff into space, expandable habitats offer a cheaper way to keep people alive in space," said Muncy.
A FUTURE OF SPACE HOTELS?
Bigelow's B330 concept. (Bigelow Aerospace)
Bigelow Aerospace has much more ambitious goals beyond the BEAM: the company plans to build commercial space hotels in the future. Its next big project will be the B330, an inflatable space station that will operate in lower Earth orbit. That habitat will have 12,000 cubic feet (330 cubic meters) of interior space and could be a place for conducting scientific research, as well as a destination for future space tourists or astronauts headed to the Moon or Mars. The B330 could also potentially take the place of the International Space Station, which is currently slated to end operations by 2024. "NASA is quite clear they’re getting out of lower Earth orbit," said Gold. "The B330 system can support that transition, by at first complementing and then succeeding the ISS. It will ensure our presence in lower Earth orbit."
But a few more things need to happen before the B330 and other expandable commercial habitats become places that people can actually visit. First, people will need rides to these stations. Right now, the only way to transport people to the ISS is with the Russian Soyuz rocket. SpaceX and Boeing will begin transporting NASA astronauts to and from the space station in 2017, so it's possible these systems will be able to provide rides to a future commercial habitat like the B330.
IN ORDER FOR THESE HABITATS TO REALLY TAKE OFF, THERE NEEDS TO BE SOME KIND OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT
In order for these habitats to really take off, there needs to be some kind of return on investment too. Bigelow could potentially rent out the habitats to scientists conducting research or charge super high fees to wealthy space tourists. "The utility of a module is not just based on total volume," said Muncy. "It’s based on what you can do with it." Bigelow also needs to demonstrate that its habitats can keep occupants safe once they arrive. The BEAM doesn’t have a life support system and is relying on the space station's environmental controls to keep astronauts alive when inside. Bigelow will need to demonstrate its habitats can operate with a working life support system, which the company plans to do with the B330 project.
For now, Bigelow isn't beholden to government regulations when it comes to making and operating its modules. The Federal Aviation Administration is prohibited from regulating commercial activity that happens in space until at least the year 2023, thanks to the US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015. "We don’t have the in-space authority to regulate what happens between launch and re-entry, but we do care about it," said George Nield, the associate administrator for commercial space transportation at the FAA. That’s why the agency has a list of recommendations that private companies can follow for keeping people safe in space, and Bigelow has taken this advice into consideration, Nield said.
The FAA may eventually be granted more authority to regulate space operations if commercial space hotels do become a reality. And Nield believes we’ll be seeing more space hotels built over the next few decades. "We're going to see private industry stepping up and picking up some of these opportunities, especially in lower Earth orbit," he said. "There are many people that are willing to have that lifetime experience to see the planet from space."
On Sunday, Robert Bigelow — real estate mogul and founder of the space habitat company Bigelow Aerospace — did an interview with 60 Minutes, in which he touted the strengths of the commercial space industry and how private companies would pave the way for people to live in space. He also said aliens have definitely visited Earth.
Lara Logan: Do you believe in aliens?
Robert Bigelow: I'm absolutely convinced. That's all there is to it.
Lara Logan: Do you also believe that UFOs have come to Earth?
Robert Bigelow: There has been and is an existing presence, an ET presence. And I spent millions and millions and millions -- I probably spent more as an individual than anybody else in the United States has ever spent on this subject.
Bigelow told 60 Minutes that he first became interested in aliens after his grandparents had a close encounter with a UFO outside Las Vegas once. “It really sped up and came right into their face and filled up the entire windshield of the car,” he said during the interview. “And it took off at a right angle and shot off into the distance.”
Admitting you believe in aliens is one thing, but Bigelow seems to be no less than a true Believer. He told 60 Minutes that he’s also had “close encounters” but wouldn’t divulge any specifics. And apparently, Bigelow owns a company that has been getting referrals from the FAA about reports of UFOs and other weird activity, 60 Minutes confirmed. In fact, his fascination with aliens is the reason there’s an alien illustration on the side of Bigelow Aerospace’s headquarters in Las Vegas.
Skeptical? That’s fine. He doesn’t care about the haters.
Lara Logan: Is it risky for you to say in public that you believe in UFOs and aliens?
Robert Bigelow: I don't give a damn. I don't care.
Lara Logan: You don't worry that some people will say, "Did you hear that guy, he sounds like he's crazy"?
Robert Bigelow: I don't care.
Lara Logan: Why not?
Robert Bigelow: It's not gonna make a difference. It's not gonna change reality of what I know.
Lara Logan: Do you imagine that in our space travels we will encounter other forms of intelligent life?
Robert Bigelow: You don't have to go anywhere.
Lara Logan: You can find it here? Where exactly?
Robert Bigelow: It's just like right under people's noses. Oh my gosh. Wow.
To be fair, if aliens are already living here, I guess it doesn’t really matter if you believe in them or not. They seem to be blending in just fine. Also, Bigelow’s belief doesn’t seem to have detracted much from his success. He told Logan he’s made enough from building long-stay rental apartments to support Bigelow Aerospace, which launched its first inflatable human-rated habitat last year. The module, known as the BEAM, is currently attached to the International Space Station. Meanwhile, Bigelow Aerospace is working toward making an even bigger space station called the B330, which the company wants to send to space as early as 2020. No word yet if aliens are secretly working on the technology
Credible reports of a meteor exploding with 2.1 kiolotons of force above a US Air Force early warning radar at Thule Air Base in Greenland have surfaced.
The Air Force has been silent on the event.
NASA did provide a Tweet with data showing record of an object of unspecified size traveling at 24.4 Kilometers per second (about 54,000 MPH or Mach 74) almost directly over Thule, Greenland.
A curious and credible Tweet from the Director of the Nuclear Information Project for the Federation of American Scientists, Hans Kristensen, on August 1, 2018 at 5:14 PM Washington D.C. time claimed that a, "Meteor explodes with 2.1 kilotons force 43 km above missile early warning radar at Thule Air Base."
The Tweet apparently originated from Twitter user "Rocket Ron", a "Space Explorer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory". The original Tweet read, "A fireball was detected over Greenland on July 25, 2018 by US Government sensors at an altitude of 43.3 km. The energy from the explosion is estimated to be 2.1 kilotons." Rocket Ron's Tweet hit in the afternoon on Jul. 31.
We’re still here, so they correctly concluded it was not a Russian first strike. There are nearly 2,000 nukes on alert, ready to launch.
Rocket Ron @RonBaalke
A fireball was detected over Greenland on July 25, 2018 by US Government sensors at an altitude of 43.3 km. The energy from the explosion is estimated to be 2.1 kilotons.
The incident is fascinating for a long list of reasons, not the least of which is how the Air Force integrates the use of social media reporting (and non-reporting) into their official flow of information. As of this writing, no reporting about any such event appears on the public news website of the 12th Space Warning Squadron based at Thule, the 21st Space Wing, or the Wing's 821st Air Base Group that operates and maintains Thule Air Base in support of missile warning, space surveillance and satellite command and control operations missions.
AN/FPS-132: Upgraded Early Warning radar (UEWR) - provides detection and attack warning of sea-launched ballistic missiles US Air Force
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory did provide a Tweet with a screenshot of data showing record of an object of unspecified size traveling at (!) 24.4 Kilometers per second (about 54,000 MPH or Mach 74) at 76.9 degrees' north latitude, 69.0 degrees' west longitude on July 25, 2018 at 11:55 PM. That latitude and longitude does check out as almost directly over Thule, Greenland.
NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory showed the object’s reentry on their database. JPL via Twitter
When you look at NASA's Near Earth Object (NEO) Program database for objects entering the atmosphere you see that, "The data indicate that small asteroids struck Earth's atmosphere - resulting in what astronomers call a bolide (a fireball, or bright meteor) - on 556 separate occasions in a 20-year period. Almost all asteroids of this size disintegrate in the atmosphere and are usually harmless." That is a rate of one asteroid, or "bolide", every 13 days over the 20-year study according to a 2014 article by Deborah Byrd for Science Wire as published on EarthSky.org.
But there are exceptions.
You may recall the sensational YouTube and social media videos of the very large Chelyabinsk meteor that struck the earth on Feb. 15, 2013. Luckily it entered the earth's atmosphere at a shallow trajectory and largely disintegrated. Had it entered at a more perpendicular angle, it would have struck the earth with significantly greater force. Scientists report that Chelyabinsk was the largest meteor to hit the earth in the modern recording period, over 60-feet (20 meters) in diameter. Over 7,000 buildings were damaged and 1,500 people injured from the incident.
What is perhaps most haunting about the Chelyabinsk Meteor and, perhaps we may learn, this most recent Thule, Greenland incident, is that there was no warning (at least, not publicly). No satellites in orbit detected the Chelyabinsk Meteor, no early warning system knew it was coming according to scientists. Because the radiant or origin of the Chelyabinsk Meteor was out of the sun, it was difficult to detect in advance. It arrived with total surprise.
Northern Russia seems to be a magnet for titanic meteor strikes. The fabled Tunguska Event of 1908 was a meteor that struck in the Kraznoyarsk Krai region of Siberia. It flattened over 770 square miles of Siberian taiga forest but, curiously, seems to have left no crater, suggesting it likely disintegrated entirely about 6 miles above the earth. The massive damage done to the taiga forest was from the shockwave of the object entering the atmosphere prior to disintegration. While this recent Thule, Greenland event is very large at 2.1 kilotons (2,100 tons of TNT) of force for the explosion, the Tunguska Event is estimated to have been as large as 15 megatons (15 million tons of TNT).
It will be interesting to see how (and if) popular news media and the official defense news outlets process this recent Thule, Greenland incident. But while we wait to see how the media responds as the Twitter dust settles from the incident, it's worth at least a minor exhale knowing this is another big object that missed hitting the earth in a different location at a different angle and potentially with a different outcome.
The Maya built one of the greatest civilizations in the Americas, and the story of their demise has fascinated people for centuries. Now, a new study reports that environmental aspects — particularly, drought — were a key aspect of their decline.
Overview of the central plaza of the Mayan city of Palenque (Chiapas, Mexico), an example of Classic Maya architecture.
Image credits: Jan Harenburg.
The first mention of a true Maya civilization hails from millennia ago, in 2000 BC. They reached the peak of their power much later, during the Classic period, which lasted up until the year 900 CE. Most Mayan cities were sprawling architectural displays, featuring dazzling palaces, pyramid-temples, ceremonial ballcourts, and structures aligned for astronomical observation. The Mayans tended to develop haphazardly, showing little concern for what the future could bring — and who could blame them? During their zenith, they controlled the entire Yucatán Peninsula and all of the territory now incorporated into the modern countries of Guatemala and Belize, as well as the western reaches of Honduras and El Salvador.
But their lack of concern was not without consequence after all. During the 9th century, their power started to decline. Their beautiful limestone cities were abandoned and step by step, the Maya civilization withdrew and quickly entered decline. There are mentions of Mayans after the year 1000 CE, but their civilization was almost completely wiped off.
The reasons for their decline are not simple — invasion, war, environmental degradation, and collapsing trade routes all had a role to play. But in the 1990s, an interesting theory emerged: after correlating the Maya decline with environmental data, researchers found a period of extended drought — long and severe enough to affect the stability of the empire built by the Maya.
“The role of climate change in the collapse of Classic Maya civilisation is somewhat controversial, partly because previous records are limited to qualitative reconstructions, for example whether conditions were wetter or drier,” said Nick Evans, a PhD student in Cambridge’s Department of Earth Sciences and the paper’s first author.
“Our study represents a substantial advance as it provides statistically robust estimates of rainfall and humidity levels during the Maya downfall.”
Evans and colleagues analyzed the different isotopes of water trapped in gypsum — a mineral that can form on the bottom of lakes during periods of severe drought. They found that annual precipitation levels decreased between 41% and 54% during the period of the Maya civilization’s collapse, with periods of peak drought corresponding to a 70% reduction in rainfall.
Gypsum water
In periods of drought, more water tends to evaporate from lakes such as Chichancanab, where this study was carried out. Because the lighter isotopes of water evaporate faster, the remaining water molecules (which also contain other chemicals) become heavier. A higher proportion of heavier isotopes such as oxygen-18 and hydrogen-2 (deuterium), would, therefore, indicate drought conditions. Researchers have mapped the proportion of different isotopes contained within each layer of gypsum, essentially charting the levels of rainfall over the period of the Mayan collapse.
Professor David Hodell, Director of Cambridge’s Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research and the senior author of the current paper, was the first to draw a correlation between the drought and the period of Mayan decline. He praised the gypsum-measuring methodology, saying that it leaves very little room for interpretation.
“This method is highly accurate and is almost like measuring the water itself,” said Evans.
While the circumstances that lead to the decline of the Maya are complex and drought cannot be singled out as the one big culprit yet, it does seem that at the very least, drought was an important aspect of it.
Now, researchers will try to use more localized measurements and build more precise models, to see how the drought would have affected agriculture — most importantly, the Maya’s staple crops, such as maize.
Journal Reference: Nicholas P. Evans, Thomas K. Bauska, Fernando Gázquez-Sánchez, Mark Brenner, Jason H. Curtis, David A. Hodell. Quantification of drought during the collapse of the classic Maya civilization. Science, 2018 DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9871
Scientists identify exoplanets where life could develop as it did on Earth
Scientists identify exoplanets where life could develop as it did on Earth
This artist's concept depicts a planetary system. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Scientists have identified a group of planets outside our solar system where the same chemical conditions that may have led to life on Earth exist.
The researchers, from the University of Cambridge and the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC LMB), found that the chances for life to develop on the surface of a rocky planet like Earth are connected to the type and strength of light given off by its host star.
Their study, published in the journal Science Advances, proposes that stars which give off sufficient ultraviolet (UV) light could kick-start life on their orbiting planets in the same way it likely developed on Earth, where the UV light powers a series of chemical reactions that produce the building blocks of life.
The researchers have identified a range of planets where the UV light from their host star is sufficient to allow these chemical reactions to take place, and that lie within the habitable range where liquid water can exist on the planet's surface.
"This work allows us to narrow down the best places to search for life," said Dr. Paul Rimmer, a postdoctoral researcher with a joint affiliation at Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory and the MRC LMB, and the paper's first author. "It brings us just a little bit closer to addressing the question of whether we are alone in the universe."
The new paper is the result of an ongoing collaboration between the Cavendish Laboratory and the MRC LMB, bringing together organic chemistry and exoplanet research. It builds on the work of Professor John Sutherland, a co-author on the current paper, who studies the chemical origin of life on Earth.
In a paper published in 2015, Professor Sutherland's group at the MRC LMB proposed that cyanide, although a deadly poison, was in fact a key ingredient in the primordial soup from which all life on Earth originated.
In this hypothesis, carbon from meteorites that slammed into the young Earth interacted with nitrogen in the atmosphere to form hydrogen cyanide. The hydrogen cyanide rained to the surface, where it interacted with other elements in various ways, powered by the UV light from the sun. The chemicals produced from these interactions generated the building blocks of RNA, the close relative of DNA which most biologists believe was the first molecule of life to carry information.
In the laboratory, Sutherland's group recreated these chemical reactions under UV lamps, and generated the precursors to lipids, amino acids and nucleotides, all of which are essential components of living cells.
"I came across these earlier experiments, and as an astronomer, my first question is always what kind of light are you using, which as chemists they hadn't really thought about," said Rimmer. "I started out measuring the number of photons emitted by their lamps, and then realised that comparing this light to the light of different stars was a straightforward next step."
The two groups performed a series of laboratory experiments to measure how quickly the building blocks of life can be formed from hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulphite ions in water when exposed to UV light. They then performed the same experiment in the absence of light.
"There is chemistry that happens in the dark: it's slower than the chemistry that happens in the light, but it's there," said senior author Professor Didier Queloz, also from the Cavendish Laboratory. "We wanted to see how much light it would take for the light chemistry to win out over the dark chemistry."
The same experiment run in the dark with the hydrogen cyanide and the hydrogen sulphite resulted in an inert compound which could not be used to form the building blocks of life, while the experiment performed under the lights did result in the necessary building blocks.
The researchers then compared the light chemistry to the dark chemistry against the UV light of different stars. They plotted the amount of UV light available to planets in orbit around these stars to determine where the chemistry could be activated.
They found that stars around the same temperature as our sun emitted enough light for the building blocks of life to have formed on the surfaces of their planets. Cool stars, on the other hand, do not produce enough light for these building blocks to be formed, except if they have frequent powerful solar flares to jolt the chemistry forward step by step. Planets that both receive enough light to activate the chemistry and could have liquid water on their surfaces reside in what the researchers have called the abiogenesis zone.
Among the known exoplanets which reside in the abiogenesis zone are several planets detected by the Kepler telescope, including Kepler 452b, a planet that has been nicknamed Earth's 'cousin', although it is too far away to probe with current technology. Next-generation telescopes, such as NASA's TESS and James Webb Telescopes, will hopefully be able to identify and potentially characterise many more planets that lie within the abiogenesis zone.
Of course, it is also possible that if there is life on other planets, that it has or will develop in a totally different way than it did on Earth.
"I'm not sure how contingent life is, but given that we only have one example so far, it makes sense to look for places that are most like us," said Rimmer. "There's an important distinction between what is necessary and what is sufficient. The building blocks are necessary, but they may not be sufficient: it's possible you could mix them for billions of years and nothing happens. But you want to at least look at the places where the necessary things exist."
According to recent estimates, there are as many as 700 million trillion terrestrial planets in the observable universe. "Getting some idea of what fraction have been, or might be, primed for life fascinates me," said Sutherland. "Of course, being primed for life is not everything and we still don't know how likely the origin of life is, even given favourable circumstances—if it's really unlikely then we might be alone, but if not, we may have company."
People claim to be healed thanks to the “Bosnian pyramids” in Visoko
People claim to be healed thanks to the “Bosnian pyramids” in Visoko
Among more than 3,000 volunteers from 62 countries who visited Visoko at their own expense in order to “dig the world’s largest mystery”, was Veronika Vranko from Slovakia. She had problems with her lungs that had only 47 % of capacity, and after the recommendation of specialists in lung diseases Peter Hajduk from Prague, she decided to visit Visoko.
She stayed several times in the tunnels of the Bosnian pyramids. Hajduk noted that her lungs are now working at 84 % capacity. She applied immediately and came to volunteer in Visoko on several occasions. Sevim Mujevia from Istanbul had a great issue with a high blood pressure that was 220/135 and there was no remedy for it. She heard about the Bosnian pyramids, went to visit and her pressure became normal – 140/90, as reported by “Dnevni list”.
“There is no doubt that the Bosnian pyramids and tunnels are demonstrating the remains of an unknown highly developed civilization. Staying in the tunnel causes strong positive effects on the emotional and physiological condition of the people. The level of energy activity shows that this is beneficial energy,” as concluded by the Russian Professor Konstantin Korotkov, the world’s leading experts on recording energy of the space and living beings. He spent several days in Visoko and explored the pyramids with the nuclear physicist from Russia Oleg Smirnov.
“This is a great discovery that can be measured with the discovery of tombs in Egypt or the pyramids of Maya’s and Aztec’s,” stated Professor Korotkov.
Many world’s experts, after a number of scientific research, declared Bosnian pyramids as the biggest healing resort in the world.
Studies that were previously conducted show that they are at least 25,000 years old and older than the Egyptian ones, which completely changes the history of civilization. Below them is still mysterious space and the lake with incredibly clear water that does not have any bacteria, algae, fungi, microorganisms, nor mud was discovered as well!
Healing powers in the tunnels of the Bosnian pyramids, how? Dr. Semir Osmanagic says that previous studies by domestic and foreign scientists showed a source of electromagnetic energy at a depth of 2,440 meters.
This summer, according to announcements, pyramids will be visited by tens of thousands of people from all over the world – some of them to see the world wonder and mystery, and others to heal.
Zijn de Bosnische piramides een plek voor genezing? Deze mensen herstelden spontaan na een bezoek
Zijn de Bosnische piramides een plek voor genezing? Deze mensen herstelden spontaan na een bezoek
Er is geen twijfel over mogelijk dat de Bosnische piramides en tunnels overblijfselen zijn van een onbekende, hoogontwikkelde beschaving. Dat heeft de Russische professor Konstantin Korotkov gezegd.
De tunnels zorgen voor zeer krachtige en meetbare effecten op de emotionele en fysiologische gezondheid van mensen, aldus dr. Korotkov.
Samen met de Russische kerngeleerde Oleg Smirnov heeft hij onderzoek gedaan naar de Bosnische piramides.
Op zijn kop
“Dit is een enorme ontdekking die vergeleken kan worden met de ontdekking van tombes in Egypte of de piramides van de Maya’s en de Azteken,” merkte de professor op.
Diverese experts hebben op basis van wetenschappelijk onderzoek geconcludeerd dat de Bosnische piramides ’s werelds grootste plek voor genezing zijn.
Recent onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat ze tenminste 25.000 jaar oud zijn, ouder nog dan de Egyptische piramides. Dit zet de geschiedenis van onze beschaving op zijn kop.
Bron van elektromagnetische energie
Ze bevatten mysterieuze ruimtes en een ondergronds meer met zuiver water zonder bacteriën, algen, schimmels, micro-organismen of modder.
Er zijn in totaal vijf piramides ontdekt. De Zonnepiramide is met 220 meter ’s werelds hoogste piramide.
De helende energie in de tunnels van de Bosnische piramides is volgens wetenschappers afkomstig van een bron van elektromagnetische energie op een diepte van 2440 meter.
Genezen
Veel mensen beweren te zijn genezen als gevolg van deze energie.
Veronika Vranko uit Slowakije had een longaandoening waardoor ze nog maar over 47 procent van haar longcapaciteit beschikte.
Ze besloot op advies van specialisten de tunnels onder de Bosnische piramides te bezoeken. En het werkte: haar longcapaciteit bedraagt inmiddels 84 procent.
Sevim Mujevia uit Istanboel had last van hoge bloeddruk. Ze las over de Bosnische piramides en besloot ze te bezoeken. Haar bloeddruk is nu weer normaal.
It’s gotten to the point where it seems as if the Chinese Communist Party mines dystopian science fiction for ideas. Of course, life reflects art and art reflects life, so it’s likely both are just making use of new technological and social developments for their own benefit. Whatever the case is, ever since Mao Zedong announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China’s governing party has found new innovative ways to keep track of its citizens and more importantly, their thought-crimes.
Aside from the Orwellian Social Credit System the commies recently unveiled, a new report published by the South China Morning Post points out that Chinese surveillance has already taken a turn for the terrifying. It turns out that as far-fetched as it may seem, Chinese military and government agencies are using robotic birds to surveil citizens from the skies. Can any bird be trusted in light of this revelation?
MOVE ALONG, CITIZEN.
Disguising spy drones as birds is pretty ingenious. Do any of us really look that closely at birds flying overhead? The drones can fly high enough that they look like any normal bird, are close to silent, and even realistically flap their wings. The SCMPreports that 30 different agencies have deployed the birdbots in at least five different Chinese provinces.
Yang Wenqing, an associate professor at the School of Aeronautics at Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xian, worked on the team which developed the dove drone project, code-named “Dove” appropriately enough. Yang says that while the drones are still only being rolled out on a small scale, the ChiComs plan to fill their skies with flocks of the dystopian avian onlookers in the near future:
The scale is still small. We believe the technology has good potential for large-scale use in the future … it has some unique advantages to meet the demand for drones in the military and civilian sectors.
The drones have already been used in China’s restive Xinjiang “autonomous” region to keep tabs on the Uyghur people who aren’t happy that the Chinese Communist Party drew their new borders around them without asking. Great job choosing a symbol of peace as a symbol of unwanted control too, CCP.
NOTHING TO SEE HERE, CITIZEN.
While it’s easy to dismiss this as another example of China’s ongoing march deeper into a dystopian sci-fi hellscape with Chinese characteristics™, it has to make you wonder next time you’re out and about: are those birds overhead really just birds? If China is filling their skies with robot spies, it’s only inevitable that other countries already are too. Who knows where else technological spies might be lurking? That creepy always-on home smart speaker you use to tell you the weather? The microphone and camera you carry around in your pocket everywhere you go? Your microwave? Inside your head?
If you want to keep a secret, you must also hide it from yourself. You must know all the while that it is there, but until it is needed you must never let it emerge into your consciousness in any shape that could be given a name.
Forget hats. Wrap your whole house in tin foil, throw out all your devices, and go off grid.
Moon size UFO recorded by NASA near Earths sun, July 31, 2018, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Moon size UFO recorded by NASA near Earths sun, July 31, 2018, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: July 31, 2018
Location of sighting: Earths sun, SOHO images
Here is a moon size UFO near our sun this week. The UFO has several long arms, which makes me think this is a space station that wanders our solar system. Currently its near our sun because its trying to use some rare particles that the sun produces to power its craft and devices. Found in the SOHO NASA images, this UFO is just one of many per day that visit our sun. Some UFOs are many times bigger than this, yet go unreported, because...how would the public react if they knew that not only were we not alone in our solar system, but UFOs bigger than earth itself commonly passed by our planet? The public would panic, suicide rates would skyrocket, alien religions like Scientology would become powerhouses in the religious sectors, anti alien groups would form and arm themselves. And what effect would this have on financial and judicial systems of the world? There would be chaos! Therefore the governments of the world remain silent.
Ancient Underground City and Pyramid Found near Tiwanaku
Ancient Underground City and Pyramid Found near Tiwanaku
A group of archeologists from Bolivia has found an underground city dating back to pre-Inca times outside the ancient archaeological site of Tiwanaku, in the province of Ingavi, in the department of La Paz, as reported by the Bolivian Ministry of Cultures and Tourism.
“With new data obtained with the help of modern technology, consisting of precision cameras that took pictures from the air and infrared surveys, was found a pre-Hispanic citadel outside the archaeological perimeter. There, we found an underground plaza and up to two platforms of what is considered a pyramid,” wrote in a statement the Bolivian Ministry of Cultures and Tourism.
The wall of a hundred faces at Tiwanaku.
The discovery took place within the framework of the preservation and conservation works of Tiwanaku, carried out in the area with the cooperation of scientists from Japan and UNESCO.
According to experts, the excavation could take up to 50 years to reveal that what is hidden beneath the surface.
Min Culturas Bolivia@CulturasBolivia
Arqueólogos descubren ciudadela subterránea junto a centro ceremonial de Tiahuanaco
Arqueólogos descubren ciudadela subterránea junto a centro ceremonial de Tiahuanaco
El Ministerio de Culturas de Bolivia presentó una investigación que permitió conocer la superficie total del área cívico-ceremonial. Así se detectó una plaza y dos plataformas de lo que se considera...
“Excavation drilling will be carried out in the southwest and north, with the aim of confirming or delegitimizing the data obtained,” said Julio Condori, general director of the Center for Archaeological, Anthropological and Administration Research of Tiwanaku (Ciaat).
The ancient citadel of Tiwanaku, together with Puma Punku, are some of the most mysterious ancient sites in Bolivia. Home to stones and megaliths that defy logic, these two sites are a treasure trove for archeologists.
The Gateway of the Sun from the Tiwanaku civilization in Bolivia.
It is one of the main tourist destinations in Bolivia. Its main attractions are the Temples of Kalasasaya and Puma Punku, the Puerta del Sol, the Pyramid of Akapana and a series of other gigantic monoliths that were erected thousands of years ago by a mysterious people.
It is believed that its builder civilization arose on the shores of Lake Titicaca in the year 1,580 B.C., and disappeared by 1200 AD. In 1945, Arthur Posnansky estimated that Tiwanaku dated to 15,000 BC based on his archaeoastronomical techniques.
It is suspected that climatic effects and pests decimated the population.
According to the experts, one of the oldest cultures in South America, the ancestor of the Aymaras and the Quechuas, called the area their home.
If researchers confirm the new discovery, it would force us to rethink the idea that Tiwanaku was only a ceremonial center and consider it was a massive ancient metropolis, divided by several large complexes.
HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT The Parker Solar Probe, shown in this artist’s illustration, is about to go where no spacecraft has gone before: the sun. To make sure the probe can survive a dip in the solar atmosphere, engineers had to get creative in testing the technology.
APL, NASA GSFC
NASA has a mantra for preparing spacecraft to launch: “Test as you fly.” The idea is to test the entire spacecraft, fully assembled, in the same environment and configuration that it will see in orbit.
But the Parker Solar Probe, set to launch August 11, is no ordinary spacecraft (SN Online: 7/5/2018). And it’s headed to no ordinary environment. Parker will sweep through the sun’s scorching hot atmosphere for humankind’s first close encounter with the star at the center of the solar system.
“Solar Probe is a little bit special,” says space plasma physicist Stuart Bale of the University of California, Berkeley. Getting the whole kit and caboodle into a setting that simulated the sun’s energetic particles, intense light and searing heat “was deemed impossible.” Scientists had to get creative to test the technology that will touch the sun, using everything from huge mirrors to dust tunnels to reams of paper.
Taking the heat
The first order of business was to find materials that can stand the heat. The sun’s atmosphere, or corona, sizzles at millions of degrees Celsius — but it is so diffuse that it doesn’t pose much threat to the spacecraft (SN Online: 8/20/17). Direct sunlight, however, can heat exposed components to around 1370° Celsius. Two of the spacecraft’s scientific instruments, plus parts of its solar panels and its revolutionary heat shield, will be exposed to that searing sunlight at all times.
“Normal things … would melt,” says solar physicist Kelly Korreck of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Mass.
Korreck works on the Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons instrument, known by its acronym SWEAP, which will catch the charged particles of the solar wind with a sensor called a Faraday cup (SN Online: 8/18/17). “It actually sticks around the heat shield and will be able to touch the sun,” Korreck says. “That cup is special.”
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE Tests of the probe’s revolutionary heat shield in a huge vacuum chamber at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center checked its ability to handle swings between hot and cold temperatures.
ED WHITMAN/JHU-APL, NASA
To build the cup and other instruments that will see the sun directly, engineers settled on three main materials — a niobium alloy called C103 that is used in rocket engines, an alloy of titanium, zirconium and molybdenum called TZM, and tungsten. Some cables carrying power to the SWEAP cup are also lined with sapphire, a good insulator at high temperatures. And the probe’s heat shield is made of two kinds of carbon-based materials.
Figuring out how each of these materials would behave in space was tricky. Engineers couldn't just use an oven to test the metals, which in heat can react with oxygen to rust or corrode. Carbon also can react with oxygen to combust. So the team had to test pieces of the instruments in airless vacuum chambers.
“Getting things hot on Earth is easier than you would think it is,” says Elizabeth Congdon of Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., the lead engineer for the heat shield. “Getting things hot on Earth in vacuum is difficult.”
One way the Parker team mimicked the sun’s heat was using actual sunlight. Engineers took material samples to the world’s largest solar furnace, the PROMES facility in Odeillo, France. A series of 63 mirrors built on a hillside redirect sunlight onto an enormous concave mirror on the side of an eight-story building. That mirror then focuses the sunlight into a beam no more than 80 centimeters wide that heats materials to 3000° C inside a small vacuum chamber in a laboratory on stilts.
The beam is so hot, “you can take a two-by-four and swing it through the beam, and it burns right off,” Bale says. “Just a flash of smoke and it’s gone.” Bale leads another of the probe’s experiments called FIELDS that also needed heat testing. FIELDS is comprised of five long antennas, four of which will be exposed to the sun, that will measure electric and magnetic fields in the corona.
The SWEAP team needed an even more realistic simulator, one that would deliver intense sunlight at the angles that Parker will experience. They found an unlikely solution in IMAX film projectors, which emit light in a similar range of wavelengths to the sun.
“It took a completely custom test facility to do it,” says astrophysicist Anthony Case of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, who also works on the SWEAP instrument. He and his colleagues turned four IMAX projectors around so the lamps focused light into a small vacuum chamber, rather than spreading it across a huge screen. That gave the team the right light intensity and angles to test their instrument.
HOT HOT HOT The Parker Solar Probe team used the world’s largest solar furnace, fueled by sunlight reflected by this series of mirrors in the Pyrenees mountains in France, to test the materials used to build the probe.µ
Solar heat isn’t the only threat to the Parker Solar Probe. The region around the sun is also expected to be full of dust, left over from the formation of the planets. Scientists don’t know exactly how much dust to expect, but it’s likely to be moving almost as fast as the spacecraft, about 170 kilometers per second.
That’s a big worry for Parker’s twin telescopes, together called the Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe, or WISPR. One of the telescopes will be facing the direction that Parker is traveling, so it will be heading directly into the dust storm. “It can’t be protected,” says astrophysicist Russell Howard of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.
Dust particles hitting the telescope’s lens leave it pocked with little craters. Only 0.6 percent of the lens should be pitted by the end of Parker’s seven-year mission, according to computer models of dust in the inner solar system. But even a few pits can skew the data, so the team wanted to minimize the damage by choosing the right glass.
Howard and colleagues tested three possible materials for the lens in a dust acceleration tunnel at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. The tunnel accelerated charged iron particles, ranging from half a micrometer to 3 micrometers wide, to speeds between half a kilometer per second to 8 kilometers per second — fast enough for the scientists to extrapolate up to the dust speeds Parker might experience.
Sapphire withstood the barrage best, but it was unclear how it would behave as a lens. The team also rejected diamond-coated BK7 glass, commonly used for space telescopes, after the coating separated from the glass and left an extra ring around the impact spot. Regular, uncoated BK7 was the winner.
What's what
The Parker Solar Probe will use four sets of scientific instruments plus innovative self-protective measures to explore the environment near the sun. Take a tour of the spacecraft’s tech.
Tap or click to explore the tech.
H. THOMPSON, E. OTWELL, T. TIBBITTS
Swinging the temperatures
Most of the spacecraft won’t have to worry about the dust or the sun’s extreme heat. Aside from SWEAP and FIELDS, almost everything is tucked behind the all-important heat shield.
That 2.5-meter-wide heat shield is made of carbon foam sandwiched between two carbon sheets. The whole thing is just 11.5 centimeters thick, and is coated on the sun-facing side with white ceramic paint to reflect as much sunlight as possible. Even then, that side could get as hot as 1370° C. But behind it, the bulk of the spacecraft will chill at an average of just 30° C (about 85° Fahrenheit).
“We hide in the shadows,” says solar physicist Eric Christian of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. He’s the deputy principal investigator of the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun experiment, which will measure solar particles across a wide range of energies. His team was able to build with ordinary materials and skip the rigorous heat testing. “We’re the lucky ones.”
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER To make sure it was ready for flight, engineers tested the Parker Solar Probe, in a nearly fully assembled form, in a vacuum chamber at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center from January to March.
ED WHITMAN/JHU-APL, NASA
But Parker won’t always be near the sun. The spacecraft’s orbit will bring it as far from the sun as Venus, where temperatures are around –270° C. At that distance, the spacecraft that will touch the sun needs onboard heaters to keep it at 20° C. So Parker needed to be tested for cold and extreme temperature changes, too.
“We’re not just worried about hot cycles, we’re worried about hot then cold then hot then cold,” says Congdon.
In January 2018, the entire spacecraft was lowered into a thermal vacuum chamber at NASA Goddard for two months of testing. The chamber, a cylinder standing 12 meters tall and 8 meters wide, was cooled to –180° C. A radiator glowing at about 315° C represented the heat coming from the back of the heat shield — but most of that heat never reached the scientific instruments since a titanium truss holds the heat shield at a safe distance from the spacecraft’s main body. The team cycled through hot and cold several times to simulate what Parker will experience.
Another challenge was keeping the probe’s solar panels cool. “You think, obviously, you’re going to the sun, solar power makes the most sense,” Congdon says. “But solar panels don’t like to get hot.” So the panels are threaded with veins that carry water to cool them off. The water absorbs heat from the panels and carries it to radiators that release the heat into space.
The solar panels are also on a shoulder joint, so they can tuck behind the heat shield at Parker’s closest approaches to the sun. Only the last row of cells will see the sun then. “That single row of cells can produce the same amount of power as the full wing can when we’re by the Earth,” says solar physicist Nicola Fox of Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, the probe’s project scientist.
CHARGE ME UP Engineers used lasers to test the probe’s solar panels, which will provide energy to the craft as it orbits the sun. The test simulated the vigorous vibrations of a launch to make sure that each segment of the solar panels remained electrically connected to the spacecraft.
ED WHITMAN/JHU-APL, NASA
Up and away
Before Parker can peer into the sun’s secrets, though, it must survive the trip to space.
The violent shaking during a spacecraft’s launch make it a tense time for scientists, even if they’ve tested all of the parts in an acoustic vibration chamber. Watching SWEAP’s vibration test “made me swear,” Korreck says. “It’s very scary to watch this thing you’ve spent 10 years on flop around as it keeps shaking more and more.”
Her team faced an unusual challenge in making Parker ready to rattle. It could not glue screws in place to prevent them from shaking loose, because epoxies would melt in the sunlight. So the SWEAP team twisted thin niobium wire by hand to tie hundreds of screws together in such a way that, if one comes loose, the others hold it in.
Launch can be a high-pressure time for the spacecraft, too — literally. Engineers initially thought Parker’s launch aboard a powerful Delta IV Heavy rocket, would subject the heat shield to a force 20 times that of Earth’s gravity, although later the team realized the launch force wouldn’t be so severe. To make sure the 72.5-kilogram shield wouldn’t bend or break, the team stacked 1,360 kilograms of paper on top of it.
Once it’s passed the final test of launching and deploying, Parker’s first scientific data should start trickling back to Earth in December. These missives will let scientists take the first step to unlocking the secrets of the sun’s superheated atmosphere and its energetic winds.
“It’s like being a proud parent. I worry that something could happen, but I don’t worry that we didn’t prepare or test her well,” Fox says. “I just hope she writes home every day with beautiful data.”
SETI Researchers Want to End the Alien-Detection Hype
SETI Researchers Want to End the Alien-Detection Hype
By Meghan Bartels, Space.com Senior Writer
New exoplanets, like those orbiting TRAPPIST-1, are being discovered with staggering frequency.
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Researchers looking for signals from technologically advanced aliens pick up countless strange pings — but so far, nothing has convinced them that a message really came from aliens.
But that doesn't mean there aren't plenty of overblown media headlines about potential alien detections. So a team of researchers pursuing the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, or SETI, has decided to revive a scale meant to ground these detections in reality. They shared their scale, called Rio 2.0, in a new paper that takes aim at SETI researchers and the media for irresponsible coverage of potential detections.
"It's absolutely crucial that when we talk about something so hugely significant as the discovery of intelligent life beyond the Earth, we do it clearly and carefully," lead author Duncan Forgan, a SETI scientist at the University of St Andrews in the U.K., said in a statement from the SETI Institute. "Having Rio 2.0 allows us to rank a signal quickly in a way that the general public can easily understand, and helps us keep their trust in a world filled with fake news." [13 Ways to Hunt Intelligent Aliens]
The new study builds on a similar effort, called theRio Scale, which was developed in 2000 and was presented at the 51st International Astronautical Congress held in Rio de Janeiro the next year. But since the original scale was developed, SETI scientists have decided that the evaluation needed some updating, particularly given the breakneck pace of online media.
The new version of the scale creates the same output: a score ranging from 0 to 10 meant to convey the importance of a signal detection, with 0 representing a detection of no importance and 10 indicating one of extraordinary importance.
But the new research proposes tweaking the way that score is calculated to try to make it a better representation of the factors that determine a detection's true significance and to make the tool easier for scientists to use to evaluate their own signals and those of their colleagues. That initial score is then meant to be revised as additional data are gathered, the researchers explained.
The co-authors of the new research, who include some of the same people behind the 2001 scale, hope that reviving the scale will help the public and the media evaluate the importance of a signal — sort of like the alien equivalent of the Richter scale, co-author Jill Tarter, a SETI researcher based at the SETI Institute, said in the statement.
"The SETI community is attempting to create a scale that can accompany reports of any claims of the detection of extraterrestrial intelligence and be refined over time as more data become available," Tarter said. "This scale should convey both the significance and credibility of the claimed detection."
The research was described in a paper published July 24 in the International Journal of Astrobiology, and the researchers have set up an online calculatorto produce the scores.
So far, the scientists wrote, the majority of the detections they've run through the calculator have come back with a score of 0, which means it's still much too early to get excited about alien communications.
Today, scientists know that there are millions, perhaps billions of planets in the universe that could sustain life. So, in the long history of everything, why hasn't any of this life made it far enough into space to shake hands (or claws … or tentacles) with humans? It could be that the universe is just too big to traverse.
It could be that the aliens are deliberately ignoring us. It could even be that every growing civilization is irrevocably doomed to destroy itself (something to look forward to, fellow Earthlings).
Or, it could be something much, much weirder. Like what, you ask? Here are nine strange answers that scientists
Photo Credit: JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute/NASA
1. The aliens are hiding in underground oceans.
If humans hope to converse with ET, we'll need to have a few icebreakers handy. No, seriously — alien life is probably trapped in secret oceans buried deep inside frozen planets.
Subsurface oceans of liquid water slosh beneath multiple moons in our solar system and may be common throughout the Milky Way, astronomers say. NASA physicist Alan Stern thinks clandestine water worlds like these could provide a perfect stage for evolving life, even if inhospitable surface conditions plague those plants. "Impacts and solar flares, and nearby supernovae, and what orbit you're in, and whether you have a magnetosphere, and whether there's a poisonous atmosphere — none of those things matter" for life that's underground, Stern told Space.com.
That's great for the aliens, but it also means we'll never be able to detect them just by glancing at their planets with a telescope. Can we expect them to contact us? Heck, Stern said — these critters live so deep, we can't even expect them to know that there's a sky over their heads.
Photo Credit: JPL-Caltech/NASA
2. The aliens are imprisoned on "super-Earths."
No, "super-Earth" is not Captain Planet's dorky cousin. In astronomy, the term refers to a type of planet with a mass up to 10 times greater than Earth's. Star surveys have turned up oodles of these worlds that could have the right conditions for liquid water. This means alien life could conceivably be evolving on super-Earths all over the universe.
Unfortunately, we'll probably never meet these aliens. According to a study published in April, a planet with 10 times Earth's mass would also be subject to 2.4 times Earth's gravity — and overcoming that pull could make rocket launches and space travel near impossible.
"On more-massive planets, spaceflight would be exponentially more expensive," study author Michael Hippke, a researcher affiliated with the Sonneberg Observatory in Germany, previously told Live Science. "Instead, [those aliens] would be to some extent arrested on their home planet."
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
3. We're looking in the wrong places (because all aliens are robots).
Humans invented the radio around 1900, built the first computer in 1945 and are now in the business of mass-producing handheld devices capable of making billions of calculations per second. Full-blown artificial intelligence may be right around the corner, and futurist Seth Shostak said that's reason enough to reframe our search for intelligent aliens. Simply put, we should be looking for machines, not little green men.
"Any [alien] society that invents radio, so we can hear them, within a few centuries, they've invented their successors," Shostak said at the Dent:Space conference in San Francisco in 2016. "And I think that's important, because the successors are machines."
A truly advanced alien society may be completely populated by super-intelligent robots, Shostak said, and that should inform our search for aliens. Instead of focusing all our resources on finding other habitable planets, perhaps we should also look to places that would be more attractive to machines — say, places with lots of energy, like the centers of galaxies. "We're looking for analogues of ourselves," Shostak said, "but I don't know that that's the majority of the intelligence in the universe."
Photo Credit: NASA
4. We've already found aliens (but are too distracted to realize it).
Thanks to pop culture, the word "alien" probably makes you envision a spooky humanoid with a big, bald head. That's fine for Hollywood — but these preconceived images of E.T. could sabotage our search for alien life, a team of psychologists from Spain wrote earlier this year.
In a small study, the researchers asked 137 people to look at pictures of other planets and scan the images for signs of alien structures. Hidden among several of these images was a tiny man in a gorilla suit. As the participants hunted for what they imagined alien life to look like, only about 30 percent noticed the gorilla man.
In reality, aliens probably won't look anything like apes; they may not even be detectable by light and sound waves, the researchers wrote. So, what does this study show us? Basically, our own imagination and attention span limit our search for extraterrestrialsy. If we don't learn to broaden our frames of reference, we could miss the gorilla staring us in the face.
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
5. Humans will kill all the aliens (or already have).
The closer we get to finding aliens, the closer we get to destroying them. That's one likely eventuality, anyway, said theoretical physicist Alexander Berezin.
Here's his thinking: Any civilization capable of exploring beyond its own solar system must be on a path of unrestricted growth and expansion. And as we know on Earth, that expansion often comes at the expense of smaller, in-the-way organisms. Berezin said this me-first mentality probably wouldn't end when alien life is finally encountered — assuming we even notice it.
"What if the first life that reaches interstellar-travel capability necessarily eradicates all competition to fuel its own expansion?" Berezin wrote in a paper posted in March to the preprint journal arXiv.org. "I am not suggesting that a highly developed civilization would consciously wipe out other life-forms. Most likely, they simply won't notice, the same way a construction crew demolishes an anthill to build real estate because they lack incentive to protect it." (Whether humans are the ants or the bulldozers in this scenario remains to be seen.)
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
6. The aliens triggered climate change (and died).
When a population burns through resources faster than its planet can provide them, catastrophe looms. We know this well enough from the ongoing climate-change crisis here on Earth. So, isn't it possible that an advanced, energy-guzzling alien society might run into the same issues?
According to astrophysicist Adam Frank, it's not only possible but extremely likely. Earlier this year, Frank ran a series of mathematical models to simulate how a hypothetical alien civilization might rise and fall as it increasingly converted its planet's resources into energy. The bad news is that in three out of four scenarios, the society crumbled and most of the population died. Only when the society caught the problem early and immediately switched to sustainable energy did the civilization manage to survive. That means that, if aliens do exist, the odds are pretty high they'll destroy themselves before we ever meet them.
"Across cosmic space and time, you're going to have winners — who managed to see what was going on and figure out a path through it — and losers, who just couldn't get their act together, and their civilization fell by the wayside," Frank said. "The question is, which category do we want to be in?"
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
7. The aliens couldn't evolve fast enough (and died).
File another excuse under "the aliens are dead already" category. The universe may be teeming with hospitable planets, but there's no guarantee they'll stay that way long enough for life to evolve. According to a 2016 study from Australia National University, wet, rocky planets like Earth very unstable when they start their careers; if any alien life hopes to evolve and thrive on such a world, it has a very limited window (a few hundred million years) to get the ball rolling.
"Between the early heat pulses, freezing, volatile content variation and runaway [greenhouse gases], maintaining life on an initially wet, rocky planet in the habitable zone may be like trying to ride a wild bull — most life falls off," the study authors wrote. "Life may be rare in the universe not because it is difficult to get started, but because habitable environments are difficult to maintain during the first billion years.
Photo Credit: Shutterstock
8. Dark energy is splitting us apart
The universe is expanding. Slowly but surely, galaxies are moving farther apart, with distant stars appearing dimmer to us, all thanks to the pull of a mysterious, invisible substance that scientist call dark energy. Scientists speculate that within a few trillion years, dark energy will stretch the universe so much that Earthlings will no longer be able to see the light of any galaxies beyond our closest cosmic neighbors. That's a scary thought: If we don't explore as much of the universe as possible before then, such investigations may be lost to us forever.
"The stars become not only unobservable, but entirely inaccessible," Dan Hooper, an astrophysicist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois, wrote in a study earlier this year. That means we're on a serious deadline to find and meet any aliens out there — and to keep a step ahead of dark energy, we'll have to expand our civilization into as many galaxies as we can before they all drift away.
If you left your house today, you saw an alien. The woman delivering mail? Alien. Your next-door neighbor? Nosy alien. Your parents and siblings? Aliens, aliens, aliens.
At least, that's one implication of the fringe astrobiology theory called the "panspermia hypothesis." In a nutshell, the hypothesis says that much of the life we see on Earth today didn't originate here but was "seeded" here millions of years ago by meteors carrying bacteria from other worlds.
Proponents of this theory have variously suggested that octopi, tardigrades and humans were seeded here from other parts of the galaxy — but unfortunately, there's no real evidence to back up any of that. One big counterargument: If bacteria carrying human DNA evolved on another nearby planet, why haven't we found traces of humanity anywhere besides Earth? Even if this hypothesis turns out to be plausible, it still doesn't help us answer Fermi's nagging question … Where is everybody?
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NASA moon landing SHOCK: Secret Apollo 11 tapes recovered after 49-years
NASA moon landing SHOCK: Secret Apollo 11 tapes recovered after 49-years
NASA will celebrate the 49th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing this month and to mark the occasion, hundreds of never-before-heard audio tapes have been dug out from the US space agency's vaults.
NASA made history on July 20, 1969, when it successfully landed two humans on the surface of the moon and returned them back home.
The entire world witnessed the moment astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon through their TV sets, holding their breaths as he uttered: “One small step for man.”
But researchers at the University of Texas, Dallas (UT Dallas), have now released hundreds of audio clips recorded during the eight-day and three-hour mission.
The tapes which until now have been under lock and key in special climate-controlled vaults reveal the candid conversations held between the Apollo 11 astronauts and Mission Control in Houston.
The Apollo 11 mission blasted off from Earth with astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins on July 16, 1969, before splashing back down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24.
During this monumental trek to the moon, hundreds of audio conversations were beaming back and forth between the astronauts and NASA over so-called communication loops.
Until now, the recordings of the behind-the-scenes stuff and discussions over technical systems were kept locked away.
But a collaborative effort between NASA and UT Dallas has painstakingly recovered and digitised more than 19,000 hours of audio which are now available to hear online.
Moon landing SHOCK: Secret Apollo 11 tapes have been revealed to the public
(Image: GETTY/NASA)
NASA astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first two men on the moon (Image: NASA)
Hidden among the audio recordings are gems such as Buzz Aldrin asking Mission Control to turn the Earth around for a better view.
He can be heard saying over the static: “Hey Houston, I thought you could turn the Earth a little bit so we can get a little bit more than just water?”
To which Mission Control replies: “Roger and I don’t think we have much control over that. Looks like you will have to settle for the water.”
Greg Wiseman, the project’s lead audio engineer for NASA Johnson’s Communications and Public Affairs Office, revealed the incredible effort to restore the tapes began in late 2013 before completion in early 2018.
The Flight of Apollo 11
The Story of Apollo 11 and the First Men on the Moon: the Moon Landing for Kids - FreeSchool
He said: “It was a such a daunting task, so many challenges, so many problems to solve.”
Houston, I thought you could turn the Earth a little bit
Buzz Aldrin, NASA astronaut
Mr Wiseman said the challenge was only made possible by the many people who cared about preserving the history of the moon landing and finding a way of sharing it with the public.
Each of the audio tapes uploaded online comes with a transcription of the various voices coming through on the intercoms.
One tape recorded around the lunar landing module’s fuel venting phase reads: “Roger, we read you five by five here.
“Yeah he has landed. Tranquility Base Eagle is at Tranquility, over.”
NASA kept track of the moon landing audio recordings
(Image: NASA)
Another audio clip from the moment of moon landing follows an exchange between Mr Collins and Jim Lovell, commander of the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission.
In the clip, Mr Lovell says: “This is Jim, Mike. Backup crew is still standing by. I just wanted to remind you that the most difficult part of your mission is going be after recovery.”
To which Mr Collins relies: “Well, we’re looking forward to all parts of it.”
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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