Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
04-02-2024
SpaceX's Dragon reentry and splashdown with Ax-2 astronauts looks amazing in these nighttime photos and videos
SpaceX's Dragon reentry and splashdown with Ax-2 astronauts looks amazing in these nighttime photos and videos
Ax-2's SpaceX Dragon capsule put on a show during its homecoming late Tuesday night (May 30 - 2023).
SpaceX's Dragon capsule Freedom splashed down off the Florida coast late Tuesday night (May 30 - 2023), wrapping up the Ax-2 private astronaut mission.
Freedom's return to Earth was quite a sight, as footage posted on Twitter shows. For example, Stephanie Ivison shared a video of the capsule carving a bright orange slice into the skies above Oklahoma as it headed toward the Gulf of Mexico.
"Just streaked across the sky in Tulsa at about 9:55pm. Looks like something re-entering the atmosphere. Pretty neat!" Ivison wrote.
Twitter user TJ posted a short video as well, one that captured Freedom much closer to its splashdown site — and therefore much closer to the ground.
Freedom hit the water right on schedule, splashing down in the Gulf off Panama City, Florida, at 11:04 p.m. EDT (0304 GMT on May 31). The capsule was then met by a recovery ship and hauled onto it for the trip back to shore.
SpaceX documented this process and shared it with us, posting three photos on Twitter about 45 minutes after splashdown.
One of the shots — the main photo for this story, featured above — shows Freedom floating near its ride home, whose deck is outfitted with a striking array of green and red lights.
Another shot depicts recovery personnel tending to the capsule from a smaller craft, which presumably launched from the large recovery ship.
The third shows Freedom — its once bright-white exterior now sporting a "toasted marshmallow" look from the heat of atmospheric reentry — safely aboard that ship.
Ax-2 launched on May 21, carrying four people to the International Space Station (ISS). As its name suggests, Ax-2 is the second mission to the orbiting lab carried out by Houston-based company Axiom Space, after the pioneering Ax-1 flight in April 2022.
Ax-2 was commanded by former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, who is now director of human spaceflight at Axiom. The other three crewmembers were paying customer John Shoffner, Ali AlQarni and Rayyanah Barnawi.
SpaceX will send two more Dragons to the orbiting lab soon, if all goes according to plan.
The company plans to launch a robotic cargo mission to the ISS on Saturday (June 3). And SpaceX's Crew-7 mission, which will send four astronauts to the orbiting lab for NASA, is scheduled to fly on the Crew Dragon Endurance in August.
Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.
On Wednesday, members of a NASA independent study team held a public briefing on its current efforts to categorize and evaluate data related to unidentified anomalous phenomena, or UAP, in a meeting that included participation from DoD and FAA officials involved in similar efforts.
According to NASA, UAP can be defined as “observations of events in the sky that cannot be identified as aircraft or known natural phenomena from a scientific perspective.”
During opening remarks at Wednesday’s event, Daniel Evans, assistant deputy associate administrator for research with NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, said that the team updated its terminology to convey that UAP represented all-domain “anomalous” phenomena rather than merely aerial observations. However, Evans clarified that most of the data NASA has currently evaluated as part of its independent study still involves observations of aerial phenomena.
During opening remarks, Evans also expressed his displeasure “that several of the study members “have been subjected to online abuse due to their decision to participate on this panel.” Evans added that NASA’s security team “is actively addressing this issue.”
Speaking after Evans, NASA Associate Administrator Nikola Fox also addressed the harassment that several of NASA’s independent study team members have faced.
“NASA stands behind all panelists,” Fox said, “and we don’t tolerate abuse. Harassment only leads to further stigmatization of the UAP field.”
Following Evans and Fox, David Spergel of the Simons Foundation and Chair of NASA’s UAP independent study team discussed the necessity for obtaining better quality data.
“We need high-quality data,” Spergel said, addressing the often-sporadic data collection methods used to collect information on UAP, adding that most of the data that has been reviewed by NASA’s independent study team have not been collected using properly calibrated scientific instruments.
“We design our telescopes to work at night,” Spergel said, noting visual anomalies that arise from reflections and other optical issues that cause what astronomers call “ghosting.”
“Those kinds of anomalies degrade the quality of the data,” Spergel added, emphasizing the need for utilizing properly calibrated instrumentation in efforts to collect data on UAP.
Following Spergel, Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, director of the DoD’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), gave a short presentation on his office’s findings, noting that AARO is proud to work alongside NASA and its independent study “as the U.S. government moves toward greater transparency on this issue.”
Kirkpatrick said that only a small number of UAP incidents include objects that demonstrate anomalous characteristics, noting there were “no maritime reports and no space reports” in the current data shared by AARO.
However, Kirkpatrick shared several slides that included updated versions of those previously shared during a Senate hearing earlier this year, which conveyed AARO’s latest data on typically reported characteristics of UAP, as well as recommendations for NASA’s independent study.
Sean Kirkpatrick, director of the DoD’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) speaking during Wednesday’s NASA event
(Credit: NASA TV).
Kirkpatrick also addressed a video depicting a metallic orb filmed over the Middle East that was first revealed during the Senate session several weeks ago, noting that similar objects have been seen “all over the world,” adding that “we see these making very interesting apparent maneuvers.”
Responding to a question from study member Nadia Drake about the number of reports currently in AARO’s collection, Kirkpatrick said, “We are now over 800,” noting that close to 100 new reports were obtained from recently acquired Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) data on UAP.
In 2021, The Debrief was the first to report that the FAA was actively collecting information on UAP, which it had been providing to AARO’s predecessor agency, the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF). It is unclear whether this data had been provided directly to AARO or if Kirkpatrick and his Office had been required to request it from the agency.
Kirkpatrick added that “less than single-digit percentages of the total dataset” comprised those objects which AARO deems to be “possibly really anomalous,” comprising maybe 2-5 percent of the total numbers collected. Kirkpatrick added that the next annual report produced by his office is currently being completed and prepared for release later this year.
Echoing earlier statements from NASA’s independent study team members, Kirkpatrick said he and AARO staff have also been subjected to harassment.
“My team and I have also been subjected to lots of harassment,” Kirkpatrick said, “especially coming out of my last [Senate] hearing because people don’t understand the scientific method.”
“People want answers now,” Kirkpatrick said, which he said feeds the negative stigmas against UAP reporting and studies, emphasizing the importance of NASA serving as a leader in public scientific discussion of the phenomenon.
“NASA should lead the scientific discourse [on UAP],” Kirkpatrick said, adding that it represents “a hard target problem.”
During his presentation, Kirkpatrick characterized anomalous phenomena as “anything that is not readily understandable by the operator or the sensor.”
Kirkpatrick said that within the last few days, the first “Five Eyes” meeting had been held with his Office on the topic, referencing cooperative efforts between the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States on UAP studies.
Following Kirkpatrick’s presentation, Mike Freie, Technical Advisor at the Air Traffic Surveillance Services Office with the FAA, spoke about his agency’s mission and data related to UAP that it collects.
Freie discussed the various types of surveillance systems the FAA uses, which include Cooperative Surveillance and Non-Cooperative Surveillance systems, the latter comprising short and long-range radar, automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B), and surface surveillance systems used in coverage of surface on approach and departure paths of aircraft.
Freie emphasized that no classified DOD systems or other sensitive information were utilized in the data he shared.
“There is a process by which air traffic controllers can report UAP sightings or events,” Freie said. “Historically, those have been in the range of 3-5 reports per month,” Freie said, noting that Starlink launches appear to have caused a recent uptick in reports by pilots. A similar rise in reports followed the appearance of a Chinese surveillance balloon that passed over the U.S. earlier this year.
“That’s 3-5 reports per month across the entire 14,000 controllers per month,” Freie also clarified, noting it was a “very small percentage.”
Freie said that data on UAP is retained for an undefined period of several months, likely in an unprocessed form.
Following a break for lunch, team member and science journalist Nadia Drake addressed the number of credible UAP sightings in recent years while also emphasizing the need for applying science toward the issue.
“There is no conclusive evidence suggesting an extraterrestrial origin for UAP,” Drake said, citing the necessity for additional scientific data before UAP can be characterized and their origins can be determined.
“In science, skepticism is not a bias, nor is it a bad word,” Drake added.
Paula Bontempi, Dean of the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island, spoke about NASA’s focus on transparency, and the availability of information the agency produces, adding that NASA’s experience with long-term missions makes it well-equipped to study UAP.
Federica Bianco speaking during Wednesday’s live NASA event
(Credit: NASA TV).
Following Bontempi, Federica Bianco with the University of Delaware said that machine learning methods could be applied toward automation and retrieval of data to aid in the study of UAP.
“The current status of the UAP data… will make this really hard,” Bianco added while noting that NASA’s studies of UAP could nonetheless “be an opportunity to really increase the reach of science.”
David Grinspoon, Senior Scientist at the Planetary Science Institute, addressed the potential relevance of several existing NASA efforts to the study of UAP, despite there being no evidence study members had found that could positively link such aerial phenomena with extraterrestrial technologies.
“Within the scientific community, there is a widespread, but by no means universal belief that there are extraterrestrial civilizations,” Grinspoon said. “The same rationale which supports the idea that ET civilizations may exist and may be detectable also supports the idea that finding extraterrestrial artifacts in our own solar system is at least plausible.”
“NASA is the lead agency for solar system exploration,” Grinspoon said. “It already has an active program of detecting objects in our solar neighborhood, using both ground-based and space-based facilities, and it could leverage those capabilities to search for objects in space with anomalous motion, anomalous trajectories, unusual light curves, anomalous spectral signatures, or other characteristics.”
“Most of the solar system has not been searched for artifacts and anomalies,” Grinspoon added. “These modest data analysis efforts could potentially be applied to existing and planned planetary missions.”
“If NASA applies the same rigorous methodology toward UAPs that it applies to the study of possible life elsewhere, then we stand to learn something new and interesting.”
“Whatever the ultimate explanation is of those phenomena,” Grinspoon said.
Karlin Toner, Senior Advisor in Data Policy Integration with the FAA, mirroring the statements of earlier speakers, noted the apparent stigmas against “reporting or even researching such phenomena.”
“That said, by encouraging military aviators to disclose anomalies that they’ve seen or detected, the DoD is receiving many more reports,” noting Dr. Kirkpatrick’s earlier mention of close to 800 reports in AARO’s current holdings.
“I would propose to this panel that NASA can help make it safer for researchers to explore data in the civil aerospace domain simply by starting that work internally,” Toner said.
Following Toner’s remarks, Joshua Semeter, Director of the Center for Space Physics at Boston University, said that cases involving infrared and other sensory detections of UAP collected with advanced tracking systems in use by the U.S. military allow for direct calculations of parameters that include altitude and velocity.
“This multi-sensor approach is absolutely critical to charting a path forward for UAP investigation,” Semeter said.
To illustrate this point, Semeter referenced one of three historic Navy UAP videos, popularly known as “Go Fast,” noting that information that included the elevation angle of the camera, azimuth angle, target range, and other relevant data are all featured on the screen. Based on such information, Semeter said the object in the footage was not moving as quickly as the footage seems to convey, a conclusion consistent with previous analysis of the footage that concluded the parallax effect could account for the apparent speed of the object.
Still frame from “Go Fast” footage, which conveys a slower-moving object which appears to be moving rapidly due to parallax effect
(Credit: DoD/US Navy).
Offering reflections from his experience in space, astronaut Scott Kelly noted that the space environment is “so conducive to optical illusions,” adding his own past experiences with observations that initially caused him to consider whether he had been observing unidentified objects.
Mike Gold, Former Associate Administrator for Space Policy and Partnerships, expressed his concerns about how NASA’s efforts to study UAP could be undermined if efforts to preserve the data it finds aren’t undertaken, despite the widespread public attention the subject receives.
“I’ve been a part of far too many panels and studies that end up sitting on the shelf,” Gold said.
“I don’t want this to be one of those exercises,” Gold added.
“I would call for and recommend a permanent office within NASA to support this activity, albeit likely a modest one, but to collate this information… to archive the information, and act as the open, forward-facing counterpart to Sean [Kirkpatrick] and AARO.”
“I don’t want all our work to end up being in vain,” Gold said.
In a portion of the session devoted to questions from the public, Daniel Evans addressed charges that NASA may not have been forthcoming with information it possessed about UAP and criticisms that included it may have “cut the feed” during live streams of space missions when unidentified objects appeared.
“I really want to assure the public that this agency is absolutely cast iron committed to openness and transparency and honesty,” Evans said. “And that commitment also extends to our live NASA TV feeds. They provide real-time footage from our various missions.”
“To my knowledge, NASA has never intentionally cut a live feed to hide anything, and that includes UAPs, of course. Sometimes there are interruptions to our feeds, but that is simply because space is a complex place. There’s a vast array of natural phenomena, human-made objects, and so forth.”
Evans called the agency’s commitment to openness and transparency “the hallmarks of NASA,” adding that such values are “why we’re here today in public, on TV. Because we want the public to have the opportunity to see the process of this committee doing its work in public.”
“It’s only right,” Evans said.
Asked if there had been any evidence NASA’s independent study had come across indicating that UAPs may result from non-human intelligence, Anamaria Berea, associate professor of Computational and Data Science at George Mason University, said that it was “not a question you can answer very quickly with yes or no.”
“As scientists, we follow the data; we formulate hypotheses; we test theories. We follow the scientific process. The role of this panel has been to create a roadmap and a framework for how all scientists that are interested in this phenomenon can further study,” Berea said.
“We cannot make that kind of extraordinary claim for any big subject in science,” she added. “This question of whether we are alone in the universe is probably one of the largest questions that we’ve had in our history of science [and] in our history of humanity. And it’s not one we can take lightly.”
“We hope that within our lifetime we will be able to answer this question of whether we are alone or not, and also to better characterize… UAP,” Berea said.
Building on Berea’s statements, as the Wednesday session concluded, David Spergel added that the question over the existence of extraterrestrial life strikes at the very core of NASA’s mission
“One of NASA’s big questions is, is there life out there?” Spergel said.
“A lot of what NASA is doing in its exploration of the solar system and beyond is focused on searching for life in any form.”
“Answering this question is one of the things that NASA as an agency is excited about,” Spergel said.
However, in summarizing Wednesday’s session, Spergel emphasized one overarching takeaway he has gleaned from the NASA independent UAP study team’s efforts.
“We need better data.”
A public report detailing the findings of NASA’s UAP study is expected to be made available by the end of July, Spergel said on Wednesday. Additional details about the study group’s efforts and its members can be found on its official page on NASA’s website.
After thePentagon‘s great UFO declassification and congressional hearings, NASA decided to hunt down the aliens. The agency possesses advanced technology on Planet Earth, exploring the possibility of transforming satellites into alien seekers to probe unexplained sightings without launching new equipment. The Galileo Project is designing a space mission to rendezvous with the next anomalous (Oumuamua-like) interstellar object that zooms into our solar system.
Is that the first time NASA became interested in alien civilizations? NASA whistleblowers, who claimed to have closely worked in some of the top missions, do not think so. Former NASA employee, Donna Hare reportedly saw a photo of a distinct UFO. Her colleague explained that it was his job to airbrush such evidence of UFOs out of photographs before they were released to the public.
On May 9, 2001, over twenty military, intelligence, government, corporate and scientific witnesses came forward at the National Press Club in Washington, DC to establish the reality of UFOs or extraterrestrial vehicles, extraterrestrial life forms, and the resulting advanced energy and propulsion technologies. As part of the Disclosure Project, Donna Hare, a photographic scientist testified to have worked for NASA contactor Philco Ford in the early 1970s. She had a high-security clearance to walk in NASA’s photo lab and other departments.
During the Disclosure Project press conference, Hare revealed that NASA covered up and eliminated space anomalies such as UFOs from the satellite photos. Hare has got several awards in the space programs. She dedicated most of her time as a technical illustrator to space programs. She created lunar maps and landing slides and had been working for 15 years as a sub-contractor for NASA.
Hare claimed to have had access to a place known as “Building Eight,” from where she made contacts with high-ranking officials. Once, she walked into a restricted area which was NASA’s photo lab. She noticed the lab had photographs of the Moon taken from satellites. She was with a friend who pointed at one of the photographs and surprisingly, she saw a round white dot.
Below is the transcript of Hare’s part in the Disclosure Program (Full Video link here):
“Good morning everyone! My name is Donna Hare, and I worked at Philco Ford aerospace from 1967 to 1981. During that time, I was a design illustrator draftsman. I did the launch slides, landing slides, and also projected plotting boards lunar maps for NASA. We were a contractor but most of the time, I worked in Building 8. I had the opportunity to do extra work during downtime which was between missions, and I walked into a photo lab which was the NASA lab across the hallway. I had a secret clearance which is not that high but I was able to go into restricted areas.
At the time, I was talking to one of the techs in there and he drew my attention to a NASA photograph. It had a “Dot” on it, and I asked what it was. Well, he drew my attention to it and I said is that a dot on the emulsion? He was smiling and he had his hands crossed… This was an aerial photograph of the Earth, I’m assuming the Earth because it had pine trees on it and the shadows of the craft or whatever it was were at the same angle as the trees and by its very nature, a UFO. And I wanted to clarify that to the gentleman that was talking to me… So, I did not know what this was but I realized at this point that it’s very secret.
I asked him what he was gonna do with this piece of information. He said they always airbrush these out before they sell them to the public, so they’re pissed pesky little creatures appearing on this photograph they wanted to get rid of. After that, I decided I would ask questions to other people that worked there (away from the site and not on site).
A guard told me that he was asked to burn some photographs and not to look at them, and there was another guard guarding him who was in green fatigues watching him burn the photographs and he said he was too tempted he looked at one.
I knew someone in quarantine with the Apollo astronauts he told me that the Apollo astronauts saw crap on the moon when we landed. He said that the astronauts are told to keep this quiet.”
Hare was told by one of the sources that during one of the moon landings, three UFOs had landed. Subsequently, there was a codeword “Santa Claus” for these crafts. She said she would be willing to testify before Congress. (Source)
In 2000, Gary McKinnon, a British Hacker who got so fed up with the government hiding information related to UFOs and free energy that he decided to hack the most secured servers of NASA and the Pentagon. McKinnon said that he had seen real photographs of UFOs in computer files at the Johnson Space Center Building. He even took a screenshot of one of the cigar-shaped UFOs in-between space and the earth’s atmosphere. Unfortunately, it was removed from his computer after being seized.
Below is the recreation of the famous ‘NOT MAN MADE’ craft that was seen by McKinnon when he hacked & accessed NASA computers. (Source)
Het begin van 2024 wordt gekenmerkt door een golf van voorspellingen over het traject van kunstmatige intelligentie, variërend van optimistisch tot voorzichtig. Toch is er een duidelijke consensus ontstaan: AI is de menselijke ervaring al aan het veranderen. Om bij te blijven moet de mensheid evolueren.
Voor iedereen die de opkomst van het internet en de sociale media heeft meegemaakt, kan de AI-revolutie een déjà vu-gevoel oproepen – en twee fundamentele vragen oproepen: Is het mogelijk om het huidige momentum vast te houden zonder de fouten uit het verleden te herhalen? En kunnen we een wereld creëren waarin iedereen, inclusief de 2,6 miljard mensen die offline blijven, zich kan ontplooien?
Om AI in te zetten voor een rechtvaardige en mensgerichte toekomst zijn nieuwe, inclusieve vormen van innovatie nodig. Maar drie veelbelovende trends bieden hoop voor het komende jaar.
Ten eerste blijft AI-regulering wereldwijd een topprioriteit. Van de AI-wet van de Europese Unie tot het uitvoerend bevel van oktober 2023 van president Joe Biden van de VS, hebben voorstanders van verantwoorde AI gereageerd op vrijwillige toezeggingen van Big Tech-bedrijven met beleidsvoorstellen die geworteld zijn in gelijkheid, rechtvaardigheid en democratische principes. De internationale gemeenschap, onder leiding van het onlangs opgerichte adviesorgaan op hoog niveau voor AI van de Verenigde Naties (waarvan een van ons, Dhar, lid is), is klaar om het komende jaar veel van deze initiatieven te bevorderen, te beginnen met het tussentijdse rapport over Governing AI for Humanity.
Proactieve maatregelen
Bovendien zou dit het jaar kunnen zijn waarin we de echokamers van de elite ontmantelen en een wereldwijd kader van ethische AI-professionals creëren. Door het bereik van initiatieven als de National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force – opgericht door de Amerikaanse 2020 AI Initiative Act – uit te breiden en implementatiestrategieën te lokaliseren met behulp van instrumenten als de UNESCO Readiness Assessment-methodologie, zouden wereldwijd inclusieve bestuurskaders vorm kunnen geven aan AI in 2024.
Op nationaal niveau zal de nadruk naar verwachting liggen op het reguleren van AI-gegenereerde inhoud en het in staat stellen van beleidsmakers en burgers om het hoofd te bieden aan AI-gedreven bedreigingen voor burgerparticipatie. Nu een groot aantal landen, die meer dan 40% van de wereldbevolking vertegenwoordigen, zich opmaken voor cruciale verkiezingen dit jaar, zullen er proactieve maatregelen nodig zijn om de dreigende golf van verkeerde en desinformatie te bestrijden. Dit omvat initiatieven om het publieke bewustzijn te vergroten, brede mediageletterdheid in verschillende leeftijdsgroepen te bevorderen en polarisatie aan te pakken door het belang van empathie en wederzijds leren te benadrukken.
Terwijl overheden debatteren over de rol van AI in de publieke sfeer, zullen verschuivingen in de regelgeving waarschijnlijk leiden tot hernieuwde discussies over het gebruik van opkomende technologieën om belangrijke beleidsdoelen te bereiken. India’s gebruik van AI om de efficiëntie van de spoorwegen te verbeteren en het door AI aangedreven digitale betaalsysteem van Brazilië zijn hier goede voorbeelden van.
Momentum van maatschappelijke organisaties
In 2024 zullen entiteiten zoals het VN-ontwikkelingsprogramma naar verwachting de integratie van AI-technologieën in digitale openbare infrastructuur (DPI) onderzoeken. Initiatieven voor het vaststellen van standaarden, zoals het aankomende Global Digital Compact van de VN, kunnen dienen als kaders voor meerdere belanghebbenden voor het ontwerpen van inclusieve DPI. Deze inspanningen moeten gericht zijn op het opbouwen van vertrouwen, prioriteit geven aan behoeften van de gemeenschap en eigenaarschap boven winst, en vasthouden aan “gedeelde principes voor een open, vrije en veilige digitale toekomst voor iedereen”.
Maatschappelijke groeperingen bouwen al voort op dit momentum en gebruiken de kracht van AI voor goede doeleinden. De non-profit Population Services International en de in Londen gevestigde start-up Babylon Health zijn bijvoorbeeld bezig met de uitrol van een AI-gestuurde symptoomchecker en zoekfunctie voor zorgverleners, waarmee ze laten zien dat AI gebruikers kan helpen bij het beheren van hun gezondheid. Ook organisaties als Polaris en Girl Effect werken aan het overwinnen van de barrières voor digitale transformatie binnen de non-profitsector en pakken problemen aan als dataprivacy en gebruikersveiligheid. Door gecentraliseerde financieringsmechanismen te ontwikkelen, internationale expertnetwerken op te zetten en bondgenootschap te omarmen, zouden filantropische stichtingen en openbare instellingen kunnen helpen dergelijke initiatieven op grotere schaal toe te passen.
Achterhaalde percepties
Nu non-profitorganisaties de overstap maken van het integreren van AI in hun werk naar het bouwen van nieuwe AI-producten, moet ons begrip van leiderschap en vertegenwoordiging in technologie ook veranderen. Door achterhaalde percepties van hoofdrolspelers in het huidige AI-ecosysteem uit te dagen, hebben we de kans om het ware, diverse gezicht van innovatie te vieren en baanbrekers van verschillende geslachten, rassen, culturen en regio’s te benadrukken, terwijl we de opzettelijke marginalisatie van minderheidsstemmen in de AI-sector erkennen.
Organisaties als het Hidden Genius Project, Indigenous in AI en Technovation bouwen al aan de “who’s who” van de toekomst, met speciale aandacht voor vrouwen en mensen van kleur. Door hun werk collectief te steunen, kunnen we ervoor zorgen dat zij een leidende rol spelen bij het vormgeven, inzetten en overzien van AI-technologieën in 2024 en daarna.
Leren van successen en mislukkingen
Debatten over wat het betekent om “mensgericht” te zijn en welke waarden onze samenlevingen moeten leiden, zullen onze betrokkenheid bij AI bepalen. Kaders met meerdere belanghebbenden, zoals de UNESCO-aanbeveling over de ethiek van kunstmatige intelligentie, kunnen een broodnodige leidraad vormen. Door zich te richten op gedeelde waarden zoals diversiteit, inclusiviteit en vrede, kunnen beleidsmakers en technologen principes schetsen voor het ontwerpen, ontwikkelen en inzetten van inclusieve AI-tools. Het integreren van deze waarden in onze strategieën vereist ook betrokkenheid bij gemeenschappen en een standvastige toewijding aan rechtvaardigheid en mensenrechten.
Aangezien AI hard op weg is om net zo alomtegenwoordig te worden als het internet, moeten we leren van de successen en mislukkingen van de digitale revolutie. Als we op de ingeslagen weg voortgaan, lopen we het risico dat we de wereldwijde welvaartskloof bestendigen of zelfs vergroten en kwetsbare gemeenschappen wereldwijd verder van ons vervreemden.
Maar door onze toewijding aan eerlijkheid, rechtvaardigheid en waardigheid te herbevestigen, kunnen we een nieuw mondiaal kader creëren dat elk individu in staat stelt de vruchten te plukken van technologische innovatie. We moeten het komende jaar gebruiken om partnerschappen met meerdere belanghebbenden te cultiveren en een toekomst te bevorderen waarin AI welvaart voor iedereen genereert.
De auteur Yolanda Botti-Lodovico is Policy and Advocacy Lead voor de Patrick J. McGovern Foundation. Vilas Dhar is voorzitter van de Patrick J. McGovern Foundation.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
Marsrover vindt overblijfselen van een groot meer – is er misschien leven?
Marsrover vindt overblijfselen van een groot meer – is er misschien leven?
Geavanceerde ruimtetechnologie groef diep onder het oppervlak van Mars, en het gevonden materiaal heeft de vermoedens van veel wetenschappers bevestigd.
Op 18 februari 2021 rolde de NASA-rover Perseverance voor het eerst in de buurt van de Jezerokrater op Mars, die een diameter van 30 meter heeft en 250 meter diep is.
Zijn missie was duidelijk: Perseverance moest in de kleihoudende krater zoeken naar tekenen van leven.
De robot met zes wielen bevindt zich nog steeds op de rode planeet, en onlangs zorgde hij voor een nieuwe doorbraak.
Perseverance vuurde radargolven af om onder het oppervlak van Mars te kijken en vond daar duidelijk bewijs dat er ooit water stroomde door de Jezerokrater.
Ondergrond duidt op prehistorisch meer
Met zijn radarinstrument kon de rover 20 meter diep in de krater kijken. Hij zond met intervallen van 10 centimeter radargolven uit en mat daarna de pulsen die teruggekaatst werden.
Het instrument kan de structuur en samenstelling van de ondergrondse lagen in het sediment aflezen, en in de Jezerokrater waren duidelijke afzettingen in de lagen te zien.
De afzettingen beschrijven het proces waarbij eerder gevormde lagen grond of gesteente om verschillende redenen kunnen worden afgebroken. Het kan gaan om sediment dat is afgebroken en waarin zich mineralen, organisch materiaal of andere stoffen hebben opgehoopt.
Reis met Perseverance door de Jezerokrater:
Volgens de onderzoekers zijn de afzettingen het resultaat van een krater die ooit vol water zat – waarschijnlijk in de vorm van een groot meer.
Ze denken dat het meer langzaam kromp, waardoor een grote delta ontstond die later erodeerde en de geologische kenmerken vormde die nu aan het oppervlak zichtbaar zijn.
Natte planeet werd gevriesdroogd
Hoewel het water meermaals terugkeerde, eindigde Mars toch als een ijskoude woestenij. Op de lange termijn kon de planeet de verwarmende atmosfeer die nodig is voor vloeibaar water, niet vasthouden.
Dat is een belangrijke ontdekking, en het bevestigt de vermoedens dat hier ooit water stroomde.
‘De radarbeelden laten zien dat de sedimenten regelmatig en horizontaal zijn – net als sedimenten in meren op aarde,’ zei David Paige, professor aard-, planeet- en ruimtewetenschappen aan de UCLA en hoofdauteur van de studie, in een persbericht.
De resultaten ondersteunen de theorie die NASA-wetenschappers al lang aanhangen: dat het koude, droge, levenloze Mars ooit warm, nat – en misschien bewoonbaar – was.
Perseverance verzamelt nu zo snel als de technologie het toelaat monsters uit de Jezerokrater.
De bodem- en gesteentemonsters zullen uiteindelijk naar de aarde worden gestuurd, en de wetenschappers achter dit onderzoek hopen er sporen van leven in te vinden.
Exploring the Unexplained: A New Era of UFO Sightings and Investigations
Exploring the Unexplained: A New Era of UFO Sightings and Investigations
In recent times, the discourse surrounding Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs), or as they are now more commonly referred to, Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs), has shifted dramatically. No longer relegated to the fringes of conspiracy theories and science fiction, the investigation into these mysterious occurrences has garnered serious attention from scientists, journalists, and government officials alike. This renewed interest marks a pivotal moment in our quest to understand the phenomena that have puzzled humanity for decades.
The Pentagon’s Renewed Focus on UAPs
The narrative surrounding UAP investigations reached a significant turning point with the resignation of Sean Kirkpatrick, the head of the Pentagon’s office dedicated to exploring these unexplained events. Citing harassment and a culture moving away from rational, evidence-based critical thinking, Kirkpatrick’s departure underscores the contentious atmosphere that envelops this field of study. Despite these challenges, the Pentagon’s continued interest in UAPs signifies a commitment to unraveling the mysteries that loom in our skies.
Harvard’s Astronomical Findings and the Quest for Extraterrestrial Technology
Compelling contributions to the UAP discourse also come from the academic realm, with Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb‘s intriguing discovery of metallic spherules in the Pacific Ocean. Suggesting these could be remnants of an extraterrestrial technological object, Loeb’s work exemplifies the scientific community’s growing willingness to explore theories that were once dismissed outright. This openness to considering non-human origins for unidentified aerial objects is a leap forward in the search for answers.
Eyewitness Accounts and Government Whistleblowers
The claims made by former intelligence officer David Grusch about the U.S. military’s possession of non-human technology add another layer of complexity to the ongoing investigations. Grusch’s assertions, though controversial, have reignited debates over the transparency and ethical considerations of withholding such potentially groundbreaking discoveries from the public. These revelations, coupled with congressional hearings on the matter, indicate a significant shift in how UAP sightings are perceived at the highest levels of government.
The Role of Journalists and the Media
Journalists like Leslie Kean have played a pivotal role in bringing UAP stories to the mainstream, challenging the stigma associated with UFO investigations. Through diligent reporting and collaboration with military and government insiders, Kean has helped pave the way for a more open dialogue about the phenomena, encouraging both skeptics and believers to engage in a more informed discussion.
Could there be another civilization living among us? UFO expert Anna Whitty has put forth a theory suggesting that aliens have been residing in Earth’s oceans for protection and have always been present on our planet. Whitty’s claims are based on the official statement of Dr. Shirley Wright, who allegedly interviewed the only survivor of the Roswell crash in 1947.
A two-hour documentary called “Roswell 75: The Final Evidence” features Whitty along with other experts, discussing the UFO crash and the potential presence of advanced humanoid aliens on Earth. In the documentary, Dr. Wright mentioned that the aliens inquired about human exploration inside the ocean, they asked “how far into the ocean” the humans traveled.
Dr. Shirley Wright, a former colleague of Albert Einstein stated that she interviewed aliens found at the Roswell crash site in 1947. She noted that aliens are actually just humans, but an advanced form. She claimed to have been present when the US government interviewed an alien survivor from the Roswell crash. According to Dr. Wright, the alien said that not all of them live above the ground and that many reside underground on our planet.
In 1993, an interview with Dr. Shirley Wright was made public where she claims to have witnessed the examination of Roswell UFO crash debris and encountered nine alien bodies. The interview reveals detailed descriptions of the aliens’ physical characteristics, their suits, and their apparent ability to survive in Earth’s atmosphere, while also highlighting the limited information they were willing to disclose about their lifestyle and reproductive methods.
According to Dr. Wright, while discussing her security clearance, she revealed: “The only reason we could go is that it’s a crack or did they deactivate it… after school, it was immediately deactivated.” This suggests that her access to the Roswell incident was facilitated by her clearance, which was granted specifically for the purpose of examining the extraterrestrial crash.
When asked about her encounter with the alien survivor, Dr. Wright admitted: “I was back at the motel in a city nearby, and I had been told that I would be able to keep the being alive.” This statement raises questions about the nature of her involvement and the significance of her role in handling and studying the extraterrestrial being.
Describing the appearance of the aliens, Dr. Wright vividly recalled: “They were very light, soft, a grayish-green, really. They had a slim, lean physique, no nose but markings where a nose opening would be, prominent eyes, and a mouth. They had no eyebrows, but they had ears and a very forked head.” These detailed descriptions paint a picture of the otherworldly beings she encountered during her extraordinary experience.
Additionally, Dr. Wright noted: “Their eyes were enormous, the most obvious thing you’d see on their face. They were almost brown-black, very dark.” This emphasizes the distinctiveness of the aliens’ eyes and adds to the mystique surrounding their appearance.
Regarding their attire, Dr. Wright observed: “They had suits on, very much like what we call suits. The fabric, however, was unfamiliar to me as a chemist. It didn’t resemble any fabric I recognized.” This intriguing detail raises questions about the technology and materials used by these extraterrestrial visitors.
Dr. Wright also touched upon the aliens’ apparent ability to adapt to Earth’s atmosphere, stating, “They could apparently survive in our atmosphere. They seemed to indicate that the atmosphere was quite similar, although not identical to ours.” This revelation hints at the remarkable adaptability of these beings and their advanced understanding of different planetary conditions.
In the realm of their lifestyle and reproductive methods, Dr. Wright admitted: “We tried to find that out, but we were very cautious not to antagonize them. They didn’t reveal much about it, but they mentioned living underground, in what we would call subterranean conditions.” This suggests a unique aspect of their civilization and their preference for dwelling beneath the surface.
Anna Whitty told the Daily Star that if whatever Wright had documented through her interview is correct, then it is more believable for the aliens to come from under the sea rather than from another planet. “If what Shirley said is right, it is more likely that aliens come from somewhere under the sea or caves or something like that, rather than another planet, it makes sense because there’s a lot of evidence on the planet that there has been a massive cataclysm every few thousand years,” Whitty said.
“If humans on the surface are being reset to the Stone Age every several thousands of years, and these people are somewhere where they are more protected because they are underground, then perhaps their development in technology and intelligence is continuing on an upwards trajectory whereas we’re reset. It’s also possible that maybe they aren’t beings at all, but they can make you think you’re seeing what you’re not seeing,” she added.
Whitty’s theory of aliens being “underwater entities” is supported by several incidents and testimonies. One such incident occurred in July 2019 when footage filmed on the USS Omaha showed a UFO diving into the water off San Diego. No wreckage or recovered craft were found. Retired US Air Force Lt. Col. Richard French, who served as a lead investigator of Project Blue Book in the 1950s, claimed to have witnessed two aliens repairing their ship submerged underwater in Newfoundland.
French testified about his experiences in front of former members of Congress at the Citizen Hearing in 2013, stating that he saw the aliens and their crafts below the water surface. He described clear water that allowed him to observe the beings and their activities. Despite his role as a UFO debunker, French confirmed that it was a UFO sighting involving extraterrestrials.
Other accounts support the idea of extraterrestrial presence in the ocean. Former Gunner’s Mate John Baughman, stationed on the USS Carl Vinson in 2010, reported seeing a Tic Tac-shaped UFO underwater. He described a solid object that rapidly collapsed and disappeared as it descended into the depths.
There have also been encounters with unidentified submerged objects (USOs). The crew of a Soviet submarine witnessed six disc-like objects approaching their vessel at high speeds. Unable to escape, they were forced to surface. Through the periscope, they observed the objects emerging from the water and swiftly departing.
Classic alien abduction cases also involve encounters with underwater bases. Betty Andreasson Luca, a Massachusetts woman, experienced multiple abductions and recalled being taken to a spacecraft flying over the ocean. The craft submerged into the water, entering a tunnel illuminated by light. Filiberto Cardenas claimed to have been taken to a secret underwater hangar witnessed by his friend’s family. He described entering a tunnel at high speed underwater and arriving at a large hangar beneath the sea.
These incidents and testimonies provide evidence for the presence of extraterrestrial activity in the ocean and support Whitty’s theory of aliens as “underwater entities.”
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Atoombatterij zo klein als een muntje gaat 50 jaar mee zonder opladen
Atoombatterij zo klein als een muntje gaat 50 jaar mee zonder opladen
Dankzij atoombatterijen hoeven smartphones nooit meer opgeladen te worden en kunnen drones eeuwig in de lucht blijven, zo stelt de maker. Het kan echter nog wel even duren voordat we de batterij op de markt zien.
Een batterij op kernenergie klinkt op het eerste gezicht misschien niet heel veilig.
Maar de technologie wordt al jaren gebruikt voor bijvoorbeeld ruimtemissies en onderzeeërs.
En onlangs heeft een grote batterijfabrikant een prototype uitgebracht van een atoombatterij, die een groot aantal kleine apparaten maar liefst 50 jaar van energie zou kunnen voorzien zonder te hoeven worden opgeladen.
Als het principe opgeschaald kan worden, kunnen we wellicht al onze laptop- en telefoonopladers weggooien.
Veel krachtiger dan traditionele batterijen
Het Chinese Betabolt heeft 63 atomaire isotopen in zijn nieuwe atoombatterij BV100 gepropt, en hij is kleiner dan een muntje.
Het batterijtje meet slechts 15 bij 15 bij 5 millimeter en kan tot 100 microwatt opwekken bij 3 volt.
Dankzij het kleine formaat kunnen meerdere eenheden in bijvoorbeeld een smartphone erop worden aangesloten, waardoor de efficiëntie toeneemt.
Deze batterij benut de energie die vrijkomt als radioactieve isotopen vervallen om elektriciteit op te wekken.
Dit doet denken aan de technologie in oudere pacemakers en ruimtevaartuigen.
De energiedichtheid van de batterij zou ruim 10 keer zo groot zijn als die van een conventionele lithiumionbatterij – een eigenschap die drones in staat zou kunnen stellen om eeuwig te vliegen zonder op te hoeven laden.
Fabrikant: Veilig en milieuvriendelijk
Bij kernenergie zijn straling en afval over het algemeen een probleem.
Wat is een atoombatterij?
Een atoombatterij haalt energie uit een radioactieve bron en verschilt van traditionele batterijen qua prijs, levensduur, toepassingen en functie.
Traditionele batterijen gebruiken elektrochemische reacties als energiebron.
Atoombatterijen gebruiken energie uit het verval van radioactieve isotopen om elektriciteit op te wekken.
Uraniumisotopen worden veel gebruikt om elektriciteit op te wekken omdat ze al 60 jaar de primaire energiebron van kerncentrales zijn.
Omdat de elektriciteit afkomstig is van een constant verval van deeltjes, ontlaadt de batterij niet sneller bij toenemend gebruik.
Atoombatterijen worden al gebruikt in onder meer ruimtevaartuigen en satellieten – ze helpen zelfs de Marsrover Perseverance van energie te voorzien.
Atoombatterijen zijn nooit algemeen verkrijgbaar geweest, omdat radioactieve elementen als plutonium gevaarlijk waren.
Maar volgens Betavolt vormt de straling van de atoombatterij geen gevaar omdat de radioactiviteit zo miniem is.
De BV100 is zelfs milieuvriendelijk, volgens een persbericht van Betavolt.
Als de batterij bijna aan het eind van zijn levensduur is, worden de radioactieve stoffen omgezet in koper, dat niet radioactief is en geen bedreiging vormt voor het milieu.
Betavolt test de batterij op dit moment, en het bedrijf is van plan om het batterijtype in massaproductie te nemen voor telefoons, drones en andere kleinere apparaten.
Het is echter nog onduidelijk wanneer het zo ver kan zijn.
A Super-Earth (and Possible Earth-Sized) Exoplanet Found in the Habitable Zone
Astronomers have found a new Super-Earth orbiting an M-dwarf (red dwarf) star about 137 light-years away. The planet is named TOI-715b, and it’s about 1.55 Earth’s radius and is inside the star’s habitable zone. There’s also another planetary candidate in the system. It’s Earth-sized, and if it’s confirmed, it will be the smallest habitable zone planet TESS has discovered so far.
TOI-715 is an average red dwarf. It’s about one-quarter the mass and about one-quarter the radius of our Sun. TOI-715b is close to the star, and its tight orbit takes only 19 days to complete one trip around the dwarf star. Since red dwarfs are much dimmer than the Sun, this puts the Super-Earth in the star’s conservative habitable zone.
The habitable zone is a rather crude way to identify planets that may have liquid water. Its boundaries are unclear and even contradictory since stellar spectral type, planetary albedo, mass, and even how cloudy its atmosphere is can determine if a planet has liquid water.
The idea of a conservative habitable zone (CHZ) is more helpful. It comes from a 2014 paper by Kopparapu et al. It’s a region around a star where a rocky planet receives between 0.42 and 0.842 as much solar insolation as Earth does. Any rocky planet receiving that much energy is in the CHZ, regardless of distance.
Discovering a Super-Earth in a star’s CHZ is always exciting. It fuels our sense of wonder about other planets and the possibility that some may harbour other life. For that reason, they’re more intriguing than planets like Hot Jupiters for instance, which have zero possibility of hosting liquid water or life. Not even the hardiest extremophiles can survive a Hot Jupiter’s wicked environment.
But this discovery is also exciting for a couple of other reasons.
Now that we’ve discovered thousands of exoplanets, astronomers are seeing trends in the population. One of the things they noticed is a gap in the small planet population between 1.5 and 2 Earth radii. It’s known as the small planet radius gap or the sub-Neptune radius gap (also called the Fulton gap and the photoevaporation valley.) At 1.55 Earth radii, TOI-715b is inside the gap.
It’s extremely unlikely that no planets form in this radius gap. Planets must start out larger and lose mass to end up in the gap. So, the Fulton Gap tells us something about how some planets lose mass. Astronomers think that planets in the gap start out larger, but their stars strip away some of their mass by photoevaporation, shrinking them. That’s why it’s sometimes called the photoevaporation valley. There’s a lot of uncertainty around the valley and photoevaporation, and astronomers want to study planets in the valley to see what they can learn.
“The importance of the radius valley lies in its potential to teach us about planetary formation and post-formation evolution, and hence, planets inside this gap are crucial in furthering our understanding of the factors that sculpt it,” the authors explain.
There’s some uncertainty if this radius gap exists around M-dwarfs or not. It’s possible that M-dwarfs have a density gap rather than a radius gap. “A recent study by Luque & Pallé (2022), however, indicates that M-dwarf planets may have a density gap rather than a radius gap separating two populations of small planets (rocky and water worlds),” the authors write.
Whether it’s a radius gap or a density gap, TOI-715b should have something to tell us about exoplanets, photoevaporation, and the nature of exoplanet distribution around red dwarfs. But to discover what it has to tell us requires further, detailed observations. That’s the second reason why this Super-Earth is so intriguing.
Ever since we started finding exoplanets, scientists have looked forward to the day when the James Webb Space Telescope is operational. “At long last, the era of JWST has arrived, and with it, the age of detailed exoplanetary atmospheric characterization,” the authors write in their paper. The JWST has the ability to observe the spectra of exoplanet atmospheres and determine their constituents. But even though the JWST is enormously powerful, some targets present better opportunities for transmission spectroscopy than others.
TOI-715b is a prime target because it’s close to its star. Since TOI-715 is a small red dwarf, and the planet orbits it every 19 days, the exoplanet’s transits in front of its star are deeper and more frequent. That means the JWST doesn’t need much time to observe the planet’s atmosphere, making it an efficient use of the space telescope’s time. “In the context of atmospheric characterization by transmission spectroscopy, bright, nearby M dwarfs are ideal planetary hosts as small temperate planets will transit frequently, enabling high signal-to-noise detections of atmospheric features with fewer hours of telescope time,” the authors explain.
Can this Super-Earth be habitable? Lacking the JWST’s spectroscopy, we’re reduced to speculating. It’s in the conservative habitable zone, but that doesn’t get us very far. Still, there are some hopeful signs.
TOI-715 is a little older than our Sun at about 6.6 billion years old. The star shows a “low degree of magnetic activity,” according to the authors. That’s probably why the star shows an absence of flaring in the TESS light curves compared to younger M-dwarfs. Red dwarfs are known to exhibit extremely powerful flaring that can sterilize planets. They can also strip away atmospheres, which could be responsible for the exoplanet photoevaporation valley.
Another planet may be orbiting TOI-715. It’s currently only a candidate named TIC 271971130.02, but if confirmed, it will be the smallest habitable zone planet TESS has ever found. But follow-up observations are needed to confirm it.
The TOI-715 system is a compelling target for further study. TOI-715b is waiting its turn, but eventually, the JWST will examine its atmosphere. If those results support habitability, astronomers’ excitement will only grow. At the same time, we may learn more about the radius or density gap, an obstacle to a more thorough understanding of exoplanets.
Add in the fact that the star may host another habitable zone planet, the smallest one found yet by TESS, and the TOI-715 system becomes even more importan
There’s an old trope in science fiction about someone suddenly getting X-ray vision and looking through solid objects. It turns out to be a physical impossibility with our Mark I eyeballs. However, astronomers have found a way around that challenge that lets us study the Universe with X-ray vision.
It’s called x-ray astronomy and it’s been around for 60 years. It reveals some of the most energetic and violent events and objects in the cosmos. Those include things like bright quasars, supernova explosions, streams of hot gas between galaxies, and hot, young stars.
Recently, astronomers in the eROSITA consortium at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics announced the latest trove of X-ray data from the eROSITA survey. It covers half the X-ray sky and reveals information about 900,000 distinct X-ray sources. That’s more than all the ones ever detected in X-ray astronomy’s decades of history, including discoveries made with Chandra and other orbiting observatories.
About eROSITA
eROSITA is a soft x-ray imaging telescope aboard the Spectrum-RG satellite. Its first all-sky survey, called eRASS1, took place over 7 months beginning on December 12, 2019. At its most sensitive setting, the telescope detected 170 million X-ray photons. That allowed the cameras to measure their energies and arrival times.
The astronomy team, led by principal investigator Andrea Merloni, put together a first-release catalog of data. They also published more than 50 new science papers based on their findings. After finishing this first survey, the instrument carried out three more scans of the entire sky between June 2020 and February 2022. That huge treasuring of x-ray data will be released shortly. The video below explains more about the mission.
eROSITA’s Treasury of X-ray Sources
X-ray astronomy focuses on hot and energetic objects and events in the Universe. Those would be the cores of galaxies (where supermassive black holes lurk), supernova explosions, newborn stars, and other places where matter gets heated to high temperatures.
This preliminary data eRASS1 data set pinpoints about 710,000 supermassive black holes, 180,000 x-ray emitting stars in the Milky Way, and 12,000 clusters of galaxies. It also covers a small number of other exotic sources like X-ray-emitting binary stars, supernova remnants, pulsars, and other objects.
“These are mind-blowing numbers for X-ray astronomy,” says Andrea Merloni, eROSITA principal investigator and first author of the eROSITA catalog paper. “We’ve detected more sources in 6 months than the big flagship missions XMM-Newton and Chandra have done in nearly 25 years of operation.”
The eROSITA first data release is a rich, “multi-layered” look at the sky at several X-ray energies. Each energy level tells astronomers something about the objects and events emitting the X-rays. And, for each set of images and data, the consortium provides more information. There are lists of source classes, sky positions, energies, and precise arrival times of the photons to the instrument. “We’ve made a huge effort to release high-quality data and software,” added Miriam Ramos-Ceja, who leads the eROSITA Operations team. “We hope this will broaden the base of scientists worldwide working with high-energy data and help push the frontiers of X-ray astronomy.”
Zeroing in on Specific X-ray Objects
eROSITA’s science objectives are to use X-rays as a way to detect the hot intergalactic medium of 50 to 100,000 galaxy clusters and groups. It also looks at hot gas in filaments between them. Those filaments glow in X-rays. The instrument is also tasked with detecting accreting black holes hidden in galaxies. Finally, it studied the physics of galactic X-ray sources (which include pre-main-sequence stars, supernova remnants, and X-ray binaries).
At least one of the papers released with the new survey data uses x-ray data to constrain cosmological models using clusters of galaxies. In one release image, we see a newly discovered filament of material. It stretches between one portion of the galaxy cluster Abell 3667 and the nearby cluster Abell 3651. This may help astronomers determine how much matter exists in the so-called “warm-hot intergalactic medium”. It gives insight into the formation of large-scale structures (like galaxy clusters) in the Universe.
The nearby Virgo Cluster of galaxies also shows up in the eRASS1 survey and provides a way to study large-scale filamentary structures. In particular, astronomers want to understand the physical effects operating in the outskirts of these massive galaxy clusters. Using the new survey data, plus other all-sky images, a science team explored the structure of the cluster’s outskirts. That included high-energy emissions around galaxies and groups within the cluster. They also studied a so-called 320-kiloparsec-long “x-ray extension” near the galaxy M49.
eROSITA’s Past Work and Future
eROSITA has enabled a huge leap forward in X-ray astronomy since its launch in June 2019. It began operations in October of that year, providing high-resolution X-ray vision of the cosmos. As it scanned the sky, it glimpsed changes in a distant quasar called SMSS J114447.77-430859.3. Those changes give some clues to the growth of the black hole at the heart of the quasar. It observed changes in the brightness variations at the heart of the quasar, indicating that the black hole swallows some of the material that strays into its event horizon. Other material escapes in the form of powerful winds.
The instrument has also detected a newly forming black hole in the early Universe and traced the existence of hot gas all around our own Milky Way Galaxy. The instrument had its first light on October 22, 2019. Currently, it’s in safe mode and technicians are assessing its health and status.
Fishermen off Key West, Florida looking up at the sky might’ve thought they were seeing the early stages of an alien invasion due to the rare hole punch clouds in the sky.
Josh Jorgensen from BlacktipH Fishing, one of the most popular fishing YouTube channels around, shared this clip from Key West, Florida and at first glance his followers were like ‘yup, those are aliens.’ After comments from crackpots, someone pointed out they were rare punch hole clouds, better known as fallstreak holes, which are created when supercooled water evaporates and leaves a large circular gap behind.
Who better to explain what Fallstreak Holes aka Hole Punch Clouds are than a website named ‘Cloud Appreciation Society’ who wrote an article about these rare clouds back in 2011, shortly after a recent study into the phenomenon had been published in Science Magazine.
That article states “for the hole to form, the droplets in the cloud layer need to be ‘supercooled’. This means that they are at a temperature below 0˚ Celsius, but have yet to frozen.” The 2011 research confirmed that aircraft play a role in the formation of these clouds with “expansion of the air as it passes over the aircraft wings and (for certain types of plane) over the blades of its propellers” causing the cooling which leads to the formation.
Here is another look at these rare clouds:
It has been quite cold here in Florida over the past week. While January ended 1-degree warmer than the historical average it seemed amiss to Floridians who felt like the first month of the year was particularly cold.
That’s because while the afternoon temperatures were cooler than Januarys past the actual ‘low’ temperatures overnight and in the early mornings in Florida were much higher than the historical averages. All of that is to say Florida has had some particularly cold weather recently which triggered this rare cloud formation off Key West seen by BlacktipH.
Guys this is just amazing, remember that I mentioned that there is an alien base that is below part of Florida and extends out into the Florida Keys for 10 miles? Well here is more proof. More UFOs have been seen or at least, the imprint of the UAP disks have been seen which pressed into the clouds from above and created a bowl-like shape. This in not one, but a whole fleet of ships that came from outside our atmosphere and sat in the clouds until nightfall where they then lower down into the water to go down into the underground base, 5km below the ocean floor. 100% proof that alien try to outsmart us with making us second, third and fourth guess ourselves, when all along, there is only one explanation...aliens.
Now in the 89 page MUFON UFO investigation paper on the O'Hare airport incident of 2006, they said the UFO seen by eyewitnesses at the airport hovered then shot off upward through the clouds fast, leaving a disk shaped hole in the cloud for 15 minutes! So yeah, UFOs make holes in clouds. The proof in documented.
Guys check this out. There is a three mile long alien base on the moon and it's just mind boggling. The original source of the photo from NASA has been altered and diminished in quality. However there is another source of it at an Internet archive that saves websites across the net and its photo is the original photo before NASA changed it. The original photo has a more clear view of the alien base, allowing us to see its tube like detail and its circle centers. No I don't think NASA wants to come clean and tell the public the truth about aliens existing. If they did, they would have already done it. So it's up to us, job public to bring the evidence to light.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
The Italian Ufologists’ Quest for Truth'
The Italian Ufologists’ Quest for Truth'
In the realm of the unexplained and the mysterious, UFO sightings have always captivated human imagination. Italy, with its rich history and cultural heritage, is no exception. A group of dedicated Italian researchers, known as ufologists, have delved deep into the enigma of unidentified flying objects, bringing to light the intriguing and often perplexing phenomena associated with these sightings.
The Heart of Italian Ufology
At the forefront of this exploration is a documentary titled “UFO Hunters: The Italian Ufologists,” directed by Stefania Grondona and featuring David White among its cast. The documentary embarks on a journey through Italy, unraveling mass UFO sightings, the study of clipeology (the study of objects in the sky throughout history), and real testimonies from those who have witnessed these unexplained phenomena.
A Notable Case: Mont Proa’s Unidentified Visitor
One of the most compelling cases highlighted in the documentary occurred in 1996 in Mont Proa, a town in the province of Naples. Researchers, including the ufologist team, personally visited the town to meet with witnesses Luigi Kti and his family. Their account of a UFO circling undisturbed over the town, defying the laws of gravity and leaving onlookers in awe, represents a significant moment in Italian ufology. The object, estimated to be about 30 meters in diameter, exhibited characteristics beyond conventional aircraft, including three spheres around a transparent central core.
The Role of Technology and the Challenge of Authenticity
The documentary delves into the challenges faced by ufologists in documenting and analyzing UFO sightings. With the advent of smartphones, the quality of captured images often does not meet the standards required for clear analysis. Additionally, the documentary points out the paradox of authenticity in the digital age, where advanced video editing tools have made it easier to create fake sightings, underscoring the importance of relying on credible UFO research centers.
The Psychological Aspect of UFO Sightings
An interesting facet of the documentary is its exploration of the psychological impact of UFO sightings on individuals. It discusses how the sudden encounter with the unknown triggers a range of emotional responses, from excitement to fear, affecting the witnesses’ ability to accurately describe their experiences. The documentary emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to understand these encounters, incorporating expertise from psychology, neurology, and other fields to assess the credibility of witnesses and the impact of these experiences on their psyche.
The Continuous Quest for Understanding
“UFO Hunters: The Italian Ufologists” not only presents specific cases of UFO sightings but also reflects on the broader implications of these encounters for society. The documentary explores how these unexplained phenomena challenge our understanding of the world and push the boundaries of conventional science and knowledge.
VIDEO:
UFO Hunters: The Italian Ufologists | Full Documentary
The dedication of Italian ufologists to unraveling the mysteries of UFO sightings offers a fascinating glimpse into a world that exists at the edges of our understanding. “UFO Hunters: The Italian Ufologists” stands as a testament to the human quest for knowledge and the unyielding curiosity that drives us to explore the unknown. Through meticulous research, analysis, and an open-minded approach, these researchers continue to seek answers, reminding us of the vastness of the universe and the potential for discoveries that lie beyond our current comprehension.
Britse wetenschappers hebben aangekondigd dat ze zich voorbereiden om bewijs te presenteren van buitenaards leven. Dit opwindende nieuws komt als een mijlpaal in de zoektocht naar leven buiten onze planeet en doet vragen rijzen over wat er precies ontdekt is en wanneer we de details kunnen verwachten. In dit artikel zullen we de aankondiging van deze wetenschappers nader onderzoeken en proberen te begrijpen wat deze onthulling voor de mensheid kan betekenen.
Bewijs van buitenaards leven
In een kort interview met Dr. Maggie Aderin-Pocock, een vooraanstaande astronoom, stelde journalist Holland de prangende vraag over haar verwachtingen voor het jaar 2024. Tot verrassing van velen gaf Dr. Aderin-Pocock een opmerkelijk openhartig antwoord: ‘Ik denk dat we buitenaards leven zullen ontdekken.’ Deze gewaagde uitspraak werd al snel ondersteund door andere prominente experts in de ruimtewetenschap, waaronder astrofysicus Becky Smethurst en astronaut Tim Peake. Beiden hintten naar het bestaan van sterke bewijzen voor een biosignatuur op een exoplaneet, dat wil zeggen, een planeet die om een andere ster dan onze zon draait. De opvallende overeenkomst tussen deze voorspellingen, afkomstig van Britse wetenschappers, doet vermoeden dat ze mogelijk wijzen naar hetzelfde wetenschappelijke artikel, wellicht van Britse origine. In dit artikel verkennen we deze opwindende voorspellingen en de mogelijke implicaties voor de zoektocht naar buitenaards leven in 2024.”
“Dit artikel werpt een boeiend licht op een mogelijk keerpunt in de zoektocht naar buitenaards leven. Er wordt gesuggereerd dat binnenkort overtuigend bewijs kan worden geleverd voor de aanwezigheid van buitenaards leven op een exoplaneet, gebaseerd op biosignaturen zoals gassen en chemicaliën in de atmosfeer die mogelijk afkomstig zijn van organische wezens. Deze recente uitspraken hebben de speculaties en discussies over buitenaards leven naar een nieuw hoogtepunt gebracht. Sommigen beweren zelfs dat dit het begin zou kunnen zijn van wat wordt genoemd ‘openbaarmaking’, waarbij de mensheid voorzichtig wordt ingelicht over de mogelijke aanwezigheid van buitenaards leven, zonder de wereld te destabiliseren. In dit artikel verkennen we de opwindende ontwikkelingen en wat ze zouden kunnen betekenen voor ons begrip van het universum.”
John Cena wordt binnenkort, dus niet de enige die onzichtbaarheid is (haha). Heb je ooit van Chimera gehoord? Nee, niet het mythische wezen, maar de nieuwste doorbraak van Chinesewetenschappers! Materiaal dat onzichtbaarheid mogelijk maakt! Geïnspireerd door de natuurlijke eigenschappen van camouflagemeesters. Deze baanbrekende uitvinding, genaamd Chimera, zou wel eens een spelveranderaar kunnen zijn in zowel militaire als natuurbehoudtoepassingen. Laten we eens dieper duiken in deze fascinerende ontwikkeling die ons vermogen om te verbergen opnieuw definieert.
Chimera
Het concept van materiaal dat onzichtbaarheid mogelijk maakt, is even intrigerend als het klinkt. Deze vinding gebruikt verschillende soorten geavanceerde voorwerpen die licht– en warmtegolven op slimme wijze manipuleren, waardoor het objecten bijna volledig uit het zicht kan onttrekken. Het is alsof je een kameleon, glaskikker, en baardagaam samenbrengt in één supermateriaal, waarbij elk dier zijn unieke camouflagevermogen bijdraagt aan deze baanbrekende uitvinding.
Materiaal dat Onzichtbaarheid Mogelijk Maakt
Deze technologie, die bijna onzichtbaar is voor warmtecamera’s, zou een grote impact kunnen hebben op hoe we ons verbergen voor radar en camera’s. Het is alsof je je eigen onzichtbaarheidsmantel hebt, rechtstreeks uit de sciencefictionfilms! De mogelijkheden van Chimera zijn enorm. In een militaire context kan het worden gebruikt om uitrusting of zelfs personen aan het zicht te onttrekken. Maar het kan ook worden ingezet voor natuurbehoud, waardoor wetenschappers dieren kunnen observeren zonder hun natuurlijke gedrag te verstoren.
Uitvinding van Chinese wetenschappers
Chimera, de recente uitvinding van Chinese wetenschappers, opent een wereld van mogelijkheden in onzichtbaarheidstechnologie. Van het verbergen van militair materieel tot het onopvallend bestuderen van dieren in het wild, de toepassingen zijn net zo gevarieerd als ze indrukwekkend zijn. Deze ontwikkeling laat zien hoe ver we zijn gekomen in het nabootsen van de wonderen van de natuur en hoe we deze kunnen gebruiken voor onze technologische vooruitgang. Het materiaal dat onzichtbaarheid mogelijk maakt, is niet alleen een stap vooruit in de wetenschap, maar ook een fascinerend voorbeeld van hoe de natuur onze grootste inspiratiebron blijft.
Buitenaardse ontmoeting?! Je speelt verstoppertje, valt in slaap, en wordt wakker in eenbuitenaards moederschip! Dit klinkt als het script voor een sciencefictionfilm, toch? Maar voor Alex Collier, een voormalige Amerikaanse legerhelikopterpiloot, was dit de realiteit – tenminste, dat beweert hij. Hij deelt een ongelooflijk verhaal over zijn ‘ontvoering’ door aliens, waarbij hij 92 dagen bij Andromedianen doorbracht, maar op aarde slechts 18 minuten vermist was. Klinkt bizar? Lees verder en oordeel zelf!
Een Onverwachte Reis naar de Sterren
Het avontuur van Alex begon toen hij als kind verstoppertje speelde in een maïsveld. Wat begon als een onschuldig spelletje, eindigde in een buitenaardse ontmoeting die de grenzen van onze verbeelding tart. Eenmaal aan boord van het Andromediaanse schip, kreeg Collier de kans om hun samenleving van dichtbij te observeren. Hij beschrijft het als een leerzame en unieke ervaring, bijna als een ‘vis in een kom’, waarbij hij net zo goed werd bestudeerd als dat hij zelf observeerde.
De Complexiteit van Buitenaardse Technologie
Collier doet uit de doeken over de geavanceerde technologieën van het schip, die onze huidige wetenschappelijke kennis ver overstijgen. Hij beschrijft hoe de fysieke en dimensionale wetten veranderen zodra je het schip betreedt, iets wat voor ons, aardbewoners, bijna onmogelijk te bevatten is.
Buitenaardse Ontmoeting
De buitenaardse ontmoeting van Collier was niet alleen een culturele onderdompeling in een andere beschaving, maar ook een reis door de complexiteiten van tijd en ruimte. Hij ondervond fysieke veranderingen en tijdreizen, een concept dat onze aardse wetten tart. Volgens zijn verhaal stond één dag bij de Andromedianen gelijk aan 31 dagen op aarde. Deze verhouding in tijd zorgde voor een uniek perspectief, waarbij Collier ervaringen opdeed die een leven lang leken te duren in een fractie van de tijd zoals wij die kennen. Deze ongewone tijdsdynamiek op het buitenaardse schip bracht hem in een wereld waar seconden zich uitstrekten tot uren, en uren tot dagen, een fascinerende verstoring van onze normale tijdsperceptie.
Fascinerend
Alex Collier’s buitenaardse ontmoeting is niet iets wat je elke dag hoort. Zijn beweringen over een ontmoeting met buitenaardse wezens en een verblijf van 92 dagen op een moederschip, terwijl hij op aarde maar 18 minuten weg was, roepen veel vragen op. Zijn verhalen over tijdreizen, buitenaardse technologie en interdimensionale ervaringen klinken als iets uit een film, maar voor hem was dit een realiteit. Of je het nu gelooft of niet, het is een fascinerend verhaal dat de grenzen van onze verbeelding en ons begrip van het universum oprekt.
Check ook dit huiveringwekkende verhaal van een vrouw die door aliens zou zijn ontvoerd:
Maak je je zorgen over wat deze week gaat brengen? Nou, hou je vast: er zijn 5 gigantische asteroïdenonderweg naar de aarde! Maar voordat je in doemdagmodus schiet, geen paniek. Volgens NASA zullen deze ruimterotsen, waaronder eentje zo groot als een voetbalstadion, onze mooie blauwe planeet niet raken. Laten we hopen dat ze geen rekenfoutje hebben gemaakt en eens duiken in de details van deze kosmische voorbijgangers en ontdekken waarom we toch rustig kunnen slapen.
Niet Zomaar Een Steen
NASA houdt deze week 5 gigantische asteroïden in het vizier die onze richting uit komen. Onder hen bevindt zich een ware reus met een diameter van ongeveer 280 meter, vergelijkbaar met de omvang van een flink voetbalstadion! Hoewel de gedachte aan zo’n gigantische ruimterots misschien angstaanjagend is, is er gelukkig geen enkel gevaar voor een botsing met onze planeet. Deze asteroïden zullen ons op veilige afstand passeren, waardoor de aarde gespaard blijft van een potentieel catastrofale impact. Deze kosmische voorbijgangers bieden een unieke kans voor wetenschappers om meer te leren over de samenstelling en het gedrag van dergelijke ruimteobjecten.
Beeld: wikipedia
5 gigantische asteroïden
Deze asteroïden variëren in grootte, van zo groot als een vliegtuig tot een voetbalstadion, en hun afstanden tot de aarde zijn zowel indrukwekkend als veilig. De dichtstbijzijnde zal ons missen met 1,7 miljoen mijl, terwijl de anderen zelfs nog verder verwijderd zijn, wat ons een comfortabele veiligheidsmarge biedt en de kans geeft om deze fascinerende ruimterotsen van een afstand te observeren en te bestuderen.
Beeld: wikipedia
Hoe Dichtbij Is Dichtbij?
Voor wat perspectief: de gemiddelde afstand tussen de aarde en de maan is ongeveer 239.000 mijl. Deze asteroïden zullen dus aanzienlijk verder weg zijn, ruim buiten de baan van de maan. Dit betekent dat we, ondanks hun indrukwekkende grootte, geen Hollywood-achtige doemscenario’s hoeven te verwachten. Hun passage is een kans voor wetenschappers om meer te leren, terwijl wij veilig op aarde blijven.
Geen risico
Dus, daar heb je het: een hemelse parade van 5 gigantische asteroïden, met een als headliner die de grootte heeft van een voetbalstadion. Hoewel het een fascinerend kosmisch spektakel is, benadrukt NASA dat er geen risico is op een botsing met onze planeet. Deze week hoeven we dus niet te vrezen voor een doemdag-scenario. In plaats daarvan kunnen we genieten van de wonderen van ons zonnestelsel, veilig en wel vanaf onze eigen blauwe marmer.
Universe Today has explored the potential for sending humans to Europa, Venus, Titan, and Pluto, all of which possess environmental conditions that are far too harsh for humans to survive. The insight gained from planetary scientists resulted in some informative discussions, and traveling to some of these far-off worlds might be possible, someday. In the final installment of this series, we will explore the potential for sending humans to a destination that has been the focus of scientific exploration and science folklore for more than 100 years: Mars aka the Red Planet.
Dr. Jordan Bretzfelder, who is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), shares her insights on the viability of sending humans to Mars and how we should do it. So, should we send humans to Mars?
“Yes, I think there is immense value in sending humans to engage in scientific exploration on Mars,” Dr. Bretzfelder tells Universe Today. “Humans can make quick decisions about sampling and data acquisition and can move around certain obstacles and terrain with more ease and freedom than many types of robotic vehicles. This would also provide opportunities to study and develop technology to facilitate future planetary exploration.”
Countless robotic pioneers have explored the surface and atmosphere of Mars in incredible detail and continue to teach us whether Mars once had—or currently has—life. However, humans could provide an extra level of exploration since they won’t be hindered by waiting for instructions from Earth ground controllers, which can take anywhere from 5 to 20 minutes one way. If something goes wrong, human explorers can make on-the-spot decisions to find solutions, whereas robot explorers are faced with waiting for engineers back on Earth to find solutions, followed by sending instructions, and more waiting. Regarding technological advancements, a human mission will undoubtedly teach us how to live and work on Mars, and this includes testing shelters, food, bathroom facilities, and even combating the mental fatigue from being so far from Earth for a prolonged period. All things considered, what are the pros and cons of sending humans to Mars?
Dr. Bretzfelder tells Universe Today, “Pros are as above, and many examples of the benefits of humans in the field can be found in the history of the Apollo missions; instances where certain scientifically valuable rocks were collected due to the quick thinking and judgement of the astronauts. Cons include the difficulties involved in keeping astronauts alive and safe on a distant and environmentally complicated planetary surface. Additionally, the possibility of accidentally introducing terrestrial microbes to Mars is a potential risk.”
Whether it’s a robotic or human mission, NASA’s Office of Planetary Protection is responsible for ensuring that microbes don’t hitch a ride and contaminate extraterrestrial environments that we wish to explore, but especially to protect us from any microbes that could potentially be brought back to Earth.
Regarding the ongoing robotic exploration of Mars, there are presently seven active Mars orbiters from several nations teaching us more and more about the Red Planet and unlocking its secrets. On the surface, there are currently three active missions: NASA’s Curiosity and Perseverance rovers, and China’s Zhurong rover. Past successful surface missions include NASA’s Viking 1 and Viking 2 landers, Mars Pathfinder, Spirit and Opportunity rovers, Phoenix lander, and InSight lander. From marsquakes to finding evidence for past surface liquid water, each of these missions spent years unlocking the secrets of Mars, both above and below the surface. But what additional science could be conducted by a human mission compared to a robotic mission?
“As above, humans (within limits based on their suits and other equipment) have the ability to navigate terrain that may not be suitable for a rover or helicopter,” Dr. Bretzfelder tells Universe Today. “They also can make real time decisions in the field about sampling etc., meaning there is less delay in waiting for signals from mission control to guide the rovers. Humans are also very adaptable to changing conditions and can respond quickly to address any issues or unexpected situations during a mission.”
In terms of an actual human habitat on Mars, countless images, videos, movies, and television shows have depicted a human habitat on the Martian surface, with very little depiction of a human habitat below the surface. While this depiction might be for aesthetics, a habitat on the surface would provide ideal surveying and sampling conditions, along with far better communications with Earth. However, a habitat on the surface would also expose the crew to dangerous amounts of solar radiation since Mars does not possess either an ozone layer or magnetic field like the Earth, both of which protect us from solar storms and other cosmic rays.
In contrast, another type of human habitat could be below the surface, with past studies identifying the use of lava tubes for human settlements to shield them from the harmful solar radiation. However, any surface ventures could become tedious, along with communications with Earth becoming more complicated, even if a communications array was above-ground. Therefore, if humans were to travel to Mars, should it be above the surface or below?
Dr. Bretzfelder tells Universe Today, “An above surface mission, similar to the Apollo and upcoming Artemis missions would be the most feasible given the technology available and would limit impact to the Martian surface by simply operating above ground rather than excavating below ground. Samples or cores taken from depth may be scientifically valuable though.”
This discussion comes as NASA prepares to send humans back to the Moon as part of its Moon to Mars Architecture while SpaceX develops its Starship with the goal of sending humans to Mars, someday. China announced plans in 2021 to send their own astronauts to the Red Planet in 2033, with follow-up launches occurring every two years afterwards. Additionally, NASA has the goal of sending humans to Mars sometime in the 2030s.
“It is an exciting time to be able to seriously consider this type of exploration, and as we return to the Moon, we will likely learn valuable lessons to enable human exploration of Mars,” Dr. Bretzfelder tells Universe Today.
Will we ever send humans to Mars? Will such a mission achieve greater scientific objectives than the myriad of robotic missions sent to the Red Planet, and what could a human mission to Mars teach us about living and working so far from Earth? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.