Berichten van 25 mei 2013 tot 26 mei 2013

De Britse schrijver Alan Hollinghurst werd geboren op 26 mei 1954 in Stoud, Gloucestershire. Zie ook alle tags voor Alan Hollinghurst op dit blog.

 

Uit: The Line of Beauty

 

“When Gerald had won Barwick, which was Nick's home constituency, the arrangement was jovially hailed as having the logic of poetry, or fate.

Gerald and Rachel were still in France, and Nick found himself almost resenting their return at the end of the month. The housekeeper came in early each morning, to prepare the day's meals, and Gerald's secretary, with sunglasses on top of her head, looked in to deal with the imposing volume of post. The gardener announced himself by the roar of the mower outside an open window. Mr Duke, the handyman (His Grace, as the family called him), was at work on various bits of maintenance. And Nick was in residence, and almost, he felt, in possession. He loved coming home to Kensington Park Gardens in the early evening, when the wide treeless street was raked by the sun, and the two white terraces stared at each other with the glazed tolerance of rich neighbours. He loved letting himself in at the three-locked green front door, and locking it again behind him, and feeling the still security of the house as he looked into the red-walled dining room, or climbed the stairs to the double drawing room, and up again past the half-open doors of the white bedrooms. The first flight of stairs, fanning out into the hall, was made of stone; the upper flights had the confidential creak of oak. He saw himself leading someone up them, showing the house to a new friend, to Leo perhaps, as if it was really his own, or would be one day: the pictures, the porcelain, the curvy French furniture so different from what he'd been brought up with. In the dark polished wood he was partnered by reflections as dim as shadows. He'd taken the chance to explore the whole house, from the wedge-shaped attic cupboards to the basement junk room, a dim museum in itself, referred to by Gerald as the trou de gloire. Above the drawingroom fireplace there was a painting by Guardi, a capriccio of Venice in a gilt rococo frame; on the facing wall were two large gilt-framed mirrors. Like his hero Henry James, Nick felt that he could 'stand a great deal of gilt'.

 

 

Scene uit de tv-serie „The Line of Beauty“ uit 2006

 

 

Sometimes Toby would have come back, and there would be loud music in the drawing room; or he was in his father's study at the back of the house making international phone calls and having a gin-and-tonic - all this done not in defiance of his parents but in rightful imitation of their own freedoms in the place. He would go into the garden and pull his shirt off impatiently and sprawl in a deckchair reading the sport in the Telegraph. Nick would see him from the balcony and go down to join him, slightly breathless, knowing Toby quite liked his rower's body to be looked at. It was the easy charity of beauty. They would have a beer and Toby would say, 'My sis all right? Not too mad, I hope,' and Nick would say, 'She's fine, she's fine,' shielding his eyes from the dropping August sun, and smiling back at him with reassurance, among other unguessed emotions.”

 

 

 

Alan Hollinghurst (Stoud, 26 mei 1954)

 

 

 

 

 

De Egyptische schrijfster en literatuurwetenschapster Radwa Ashour werd geboren op 26 mei 1946 in Caïro. Zie ook alle tags voor Radwa Ashour op dit blog.

 

Uit: A Clean Kill (Vertaald door Gretchen Head)

 

“In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway says: "The only place where you could see life and death, i.e., violent death now that the wars were over, was in the bull ring and I wanted very much to go to Spain where I could study it. I was trying to learn to write, commencing with the simplest things, and one of the simplest things of all and the most fundamental is violent death."

R. hadn't yet read Hemingway's book that exhausting afternoon when she’d lost her way and ended up at the hotel Sultan, a different hotel than the one in which she had made a reservation earlier, before her arrival in the city. She secured a room for the night, dropped off her suitcase, then left the hotel and headed for her destination. She returned at six in the evening. She took off her clothes, bathed, settled down in front of the television, and watched a live broadcast of a bullfight on its screen. That was in the beginning of the nineties. R. watched the bull as it charged into the ring. She took note of its weight, its power, the arch of the taut muscles swelling behind its neck. She followed the team of bullfighters as they overcame it: The picador on the back of his horse pushing, with force, his spear into the bull's upper back. The three banderilleros leaping one after the other, each of them embedding colored arrows in its neck. The bull's repeated attempts to injure the bullfighters while they provoke it, tricking it with their bicolored capes. And finally the matador and the red cape, he plunges the sword deep into the bull's neck. She turned off the television and held her pen; she wrote "maqam 'iraq," then crossed it out and replaced it with "maqama 'iraqiyya." She wrote several lines. She read them. She muttered: "Bad writing, incomprehensible!" She tore up the paper.

She noticed that the air-conditioned room, virtually sealed shut, was filled with smoke. She put out her cigarette and carried the ashtray to the wastebasket. She emptied the cigarette butts in it and cleaned the ashtray. She walked to the window and opened it. The air was hot and thick in the summer evening, without the slightest breeze.”

 

 

 

Radwa Ashour (Caïro, 26 mei 1946)

 

 

 

De Belgische schrijver Hugo Raes werd geboren in Antwerpen op 26 mei 1929. Zie ook alle tags voor Hugo Raes op dit blog.

 

Uit: Hemel en dier

 

‘Mijn prooi, mijn godin die ik koningin maak en slachtoffer. Zo is het: slachtoffer maken of slachtoffer zijn. En als je je ooit wegrukt van mij, dan onderga ik de aanval waaruit ik slechts half zal herrijzen, zoals een die verlamd is van de heupen tot de voeten toe, of met een hart dat nog slechts onregelmatig klopt, en zwakjes, en het niet lang meer zal kunnen volhouden.’ In de laatste bladzijden van het boek is een dergelijke toestand werkelijk ingetreden, en als een wanhoopskreet klinkt het dan: ‘En ik moet voort en moe en leeg ben ik maar ik wil blijven leven ...’ Ik meen daarom dat de twee polen van het boek inderdaad wel de mogelijkheid en onmogelijkheid van de liefde zijn, maar dan met een sterk accent op enerzijds de energieverwekkende kracht van de liefde en anderzijds de noodzaak van de energie om de liefde te kunnen beleven. In het laatste deel van de roman gaat het teloorgaan van de liefde essentieel gepaard met een totaal verlies van de energie, en één van de onloochenbare symptomen van dit teloorgaan is precies een angstige bedenking over het ouder worden.”

(…)

 

‘Want ik heb niet gewild dat je wegging. En jou treft geen schuld. Het was een tijdelijke verslapping, en die zijn altijd gevaarlijk, een verraderlijke vermoeidheid, de slijtage, die vanzelf, zelfstandig de splitsing van onze eenheid, van ons samenzijn bewerkt, zonder dat wij het wilden, maar de moeheid, de verminderde belangstelling, is een dekmantel, een kunstmatig mistgordijn dat dit verhult.’

 

 

 

Hugo Raes (Antwerpen, 26 mei 1929)

Hier met zijn familie op jongere leeftijd

 

 

 

 

De Amerikaanse dichter en schrijver Maxwell Bodenheim werd geboren op 26 mei 1892 in Hermanville, Mississippi. Zie ook alle tags voor Maxwell Bodenheim op dit blog

 

 

Broadway

 

With sardonic futility

The multi-coloured crowd,

Hurried by fervent sensuality,

Flees from something carried on its back.

Endlessly subdued, a sound

Pours up from the crowd,

Like some one ever gasping for breath

to utter releasing words.

Through the artificial valley

Made by gaudy evasions,

The stifled crowd files up and down,

Stabbing thought with rapid noises.

Women strutting dulcetly,

Embroider their unappeased hungers,

And men stumble toward a flitting opiate.

Sometimes a moment breaks apart

And one can hear the knuckles

Of children rapping on towering doors:

Rapping on the highway

Where civilization parades

Its frozen amiabilities!

 

 

 

The Child Meditates

 

The oak-tree in front of my house

Smells different every morning.

Sometimes it smells fresh and wise

Like my mother's hair.

Sometimes it stands ashamed

Because it doesn't own the smell

It borrowed from our flower-garden.

Sometimes it has a windy smell,

As though it had come back from a long walk.

The oak-tree in front of my house

Has different smells, like grown up people.

 

My doll hides behind her pink cheeks,

So that you can't see when she moves,

But it doesn't matter because

She always moves when no one is looking,

And that is why people think she is still.

People laugh when I say that my doll is alive,

But if she were dead, my fingers

Wouldn't know that they were touching her.

She lives inside a little house.

And laughs because I cannot find the door.

 

The colours in my room

Meet each other and hesitate.

Is that what people call shape?

Nobody seems to think so,

But I believe that lines are dead shapes

Unless they fall against each other

And look surprised, like the colours in my room!

 

 

 

 

Maxwell Bodenheim (26 mei 1892 – 6 februari 1954)

Hier in de jaren 1930

 

 

 

 

De Duitse schrijfster Isabella Nadolny (eig. Isabella Peltzer) werd geboren op 26 mei 1917 in München. Zie ook alle tags voor Isabella Nadolny op dit blog.

 

Uit: Ein Baum wächst übers Dach

 

„Mama nicht. Sie war nicht einmal verblüfft, sondern packte ihre Koffer, nahm den kleinen Leo,

die russische Kinderfrau, fuhr nach Bayern und suchte sich mit Papa eine Wohnung in Schwabing.

Eine hochherrschaftliche Wohnung mit Stuckdekken. Papa lernte malen, Mama, die bildschön war, wurde gemalt, und beide besuchten mit Erfolg die legendären Künstlerfeste jener Zeit, die man im ›Simplicissimus‹ älterer Jahrgänge abgebildet findet.

Als der Weltkrieg vorüber war und die all- jährlichen Rußlandreisen zur Familie für immer

aufhörten, kam ich zur Welt. Und just um diese Zeit begannen auch die ersten Vermögensschwierigkeiten und die ersten Sorgen. Papa malte weiter, ihm genügte es, von den leidigen Geldangelegenheiten nicht zu sprechen und alles damit Zusammenhängende zu ignorieren. Von Mamas Gefühlen und Erwägungen ist nichts bekannt, sie war eine echte Dame und ließ sich nichts anmerken. Nun zum erstenmal seit Jahren sahen wir die Hoffnung auf einen Hund zugleich mit dem Gedanken an ein Sommerhaus in ihrem Auge aufleuchten.

Bruder Leo zeichnete noch immer. Jetzt ergriff er ein Lineal und zog eine Linie.

»Wie viele Zimmer brauchen wir denn?« fragte er.

»Bloß nicht zu viele«, sagte Mama, die sich seit langem in der Wohnung mit einem Mädchen behelfen mußte.

Papa saß Papa saß am Schreibtisch und legte eine Patience. Er hatte noch den Malmantel an, mit dem er aus dem Atelier gekommen war, und an seinem Hosenbein klebte ein wenig Preußischblau. Er hatte Schwierigkeiten beim Durchzeichnen einer Birkengruppe in einem Abendhimmel und durfte sich eine Pause gönnen. Rein zufällig geriet er in das allgemeine Sinnen und Trachten.“

 

 

 

Isabella Nadolny (26 mei 1917 – 31 juli 2004)

 

 

 

Zie voor nog meer schrijvers van de 26 mei ook mijn vorige blog van vandaag.

De Tsjechische dichter en vertaler Vítezslav Nezval werd geboren op 26 mei 1900 in Biskoupky. Zie ook alle tags voor Vítězslav Nezval op dit blog.

 

 

Fireworks 1924, A Cinemagenic Poem (Fragment)

 

the detective while choosing a magazine stares deep into the lady’s eyes (medium close shot)
the lady getting up (full shot)
the detective grabs his heart & sinks down to the floor (fade out)
a crowd of guests & waiters
the lady puts a handkerchief on the detective’s head
(close-up) the detective’s hand picking a photo & 2 tram tickets from the lady’s bag
in the fields the hare is pricking up its ears
a railway station where a train is being boarded
a gentleman with monocle at ticket counter
a hand plugging lines in at the phone exchange
the detective makes a call while staring at the tram ticket
index finger in the book
the tram ticket held in two hands as it grows in size till it dissolves into
the image of the tram (interior)
the dispatcher in his office struggling to recall something (medium close shot)
presses his index finger to his forehead (full shot)
& gives a smile (medium close shot)
giving a large banknote to the gentleman with the monocle seated beside the lady in the tram
a maze of telegraph wires
a postal clerk pondering a telegram
a lookout post in front of which there stands a yardman
the yardman runs into the lookout
a corridor inside the train down which the man with monocle is passing
he is entering the toilet
dumping his revolver
his pocket watch
(fade out) in the dark a sign HOTEL

 

 

 

Vertaald door Jerome Rothenberg en Milos Sovak

 

 

 

Vítězslav Nezval (26 mei 1900 – 6 april 1958)

 

 

 

 

De Belgische, Franstalige, schrijver en essayist Ivan O. Godfroid werd geboren in Boussu op 26 mei 1971. Zie ook alle tags voor Ivan O. Godfroid op dit blog.

 

Uit: Pacte de contrition - Essai sur la folie

 

“La « folie » (le mot fait peur, mais ce n’est que l’ancien nom des troubles psychologiques) est non seulement peu connue du public, mais aussi mal comprise par les professionnels, et traitée de manière insatisfaisante. Que la santé mentale soit une utopie n’y arrange rien. Dans un style séduisant, Godfroid met en cause l’incapacité de la science à expliquer les liens qui unissent le cerveau et la pensée. C’est tout un pan de la médecine qui se voit affaibli par cette lacune fondamentale, et ceci explique également l’incompréhension profonde du rôle du « psy » dans la société contemporaine, qui le traite tour à tour en sorcier moderne, en régulateur social, voire en philosophe domestique. Il faut sans cesse nourrir le développement de ce domaine en explorant de nouvelles voies, comme le rôle du sexe du patient, ou encore les implications de l’effet placebo. Godfroid nous propose dès lors la théorie de la psychiagénie comme une solution inédite au problème cerveau-esprit, et nous révèle comment celle-ci bouleverse la conception du monde dans lequel nous vivons. Cet essai, qui tente de susciter la réflexion non seulement par la raison mais aussi par l’émotion, se termine par un plaidoyer sur la nécessaire émergence d’un nouveau traitement : la psychothérapie unifiée. À la fois surprenant et passionnant, cet ouvrage inclassable s’adresse tant au grand public qu’aux professionnels.”

 

 

 

Ivan O. Godfroid (Boussu, 26 mei 1971)

 

 

 

De Franse schrijver Edmond de Goncourt  werd geboren op 26 mei 1822. Zie ook alle tags voor Edmond de Goncourt op dit blog.

 

Uit: Histoire de Marie-Antoinette Samen met Jules de Goncourt)

 

“Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle, la France avait perdu l'héritage de gloire de Louis XIV, le meilleur de son sang, la moitié de son argent, l'audace même et la fortune du désespoir. Ses armées reculant de défaites en défaites, ses drapeaux en fuite, sa marine balayée, cachée

dans les ports, et n'osant tenter la Méditerranée, son commerce anéanti, son cabotage ruiné, la France, épuisée et honteuse, voyait l'Angleterre lui enlever un jour Louisbourg, un jour le Sénégal, un jour Gorée, un jour Pondichéry, et le Coromandel, et Malabar, hier la Guadeloupe, aujourd'hui Saint-Domingue, demain Cayenne. La France détournait-elle ses yeux de son empire au delà des mers, la patrie, en écoutant à ses frontières, entendait la marche des troupes prusso-anglaises. Sa jeunesse était restée sur les champs de bataille de Dettingen et de Rosbach; ses vingt-sept vaisseaux de ligne étaient pris; six mille de ses matelots étaient prisonniers; et l'Angleterre, maîtresse de Belle-Isle, pouvait promener impunément l'incendie et la terreur le long de ses côtes, de Cherbourg à Toulon. Un traité venait consacrer le déshonneur et l'abaissement de la France. Le traité de Paris cédait en toute propriété au roi d'Angleterre, le Canada et Louisbourg, qui avaient coûté à la France tant d'hommes et tant d'argent, l'île du Cap-Breton, toutes les îles du golfe et du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Du banc

de Terre-Neuve, le traité de Paris ne laissait à la France, pour sa pêche à la morue, que les îlots de Saint-Pierre et de Miquelon, avec une garnison qui ne pouvait pas excéder cinquante hommes. Le traité de Paris enfermait et resserrait la France dans sa possession de la Louisiane par une ligne tracée au milieu du Mississipi. Il chassait la France de ses

établissements sur le Gange. Il enlevait à la France les plus riches et les plus fertiles des Antilles, la portion la plus avantageuse du Sénégal, la plus salubre de l'île de Gorée. Il punissait l'Espagne d'avoir soutenu la France, en enlevant la Floride à l'Espagne. Mais

l'Angleterre n'était point satisfaite encore de l'imposition de ces conditions, qui lui donnaient presque tout le continent américain, depuis le 25e degré jusque sous le pôle.”

 

 

 

Edmond De Goncourt (26 mei 1822  -  16 juli 1896) 

In 1822 

 

 

 

 

De Engelse schrijfster Lady Mary Wortley Montagu werd geboren in Thoresby Hall, Nottinghamshire, op 26 mei 1689. Zie ook alle tags voor Mary Wortley Montagu op dit blog.

 

Uit: Letters

 

“Nuremberg, Aug. 22. O. S. 1716.

After five days travelling post, I could not sit down to write on any other occasion, than to tell my dear lady, that I have not forgot her obliging command, of sending her some account of my travels. I have already passed a large part of Germany, have seen all that is remarkable in Cologn, Frankfort, Wurtsburg, and this place. 'Tis impossible not to observe the difference between the free towns and those under the government of absolute princes, as all the little sovereigns of Germany are. In the first, there appears an air of commerce and plenty. The streets are well-built, and full of people, neatly and plainly dressed. The shops are loaded with merchandise, and the commonalty are clean and cheerful. In the other you see a sort of shabby finery, a number of dirty people of quality tawdered out; narrow nasty streets out of repair, wretchedly thin of inhabitants, and above half of the common sort asking alms. I cannot help fancying one under the figure of a clean Dutch citizen's wife, and the other like a poor town lady of pleasure, painted and ribboned out in her head-dress, with tarnished silver-laced shoes, a ragged under-petticoat, a miserable mixture of vice and poverty. — They have sumptuary laws in this town, which distinguish their rank by their dress, prevent the excess which ruins so many other cities, and has a more agreeable effect to the eye of a stranger, than our fashions. I need not be ashamed to own, that I wish these laws were in force in other parts of the world. When one considers impartially, the merit of a rich suit of clothes in most places, the respect and the smiles of favour it procures, not to speak of the envy and the sighs it occasions (which is very often the principal charm to the wearer), one is forced to confess, that there is need of an uncommon understanding to resist the temptation of pleasing friends and mortifying rivals; and that it is natural to young people to fall into a folly, which betrays them to that want of money which is the source of a thousand basenesses.”

 

 

 

Mary Wortley Montagu (26 mei 1689 – 21 augustus 1762)

Portret door Gervase Spencer

 

  

 

 

Onafhankelijk van geboortedata:

 

 

De Nederlandse dichteres Machteld Brands werd geboren in 1986 in Kampen. Zie ook alle tags voor Machteld Brands op dit blog.

 

 

Kees

 

Als een bolletje wol
netjes opgerold
onder donzen dekens

lig je zacht knorrend
van hemels geluk
en genoegzame gedachten

dromend van
bakken vol brokjes
en een kusje op je kop

glanst je vacht mooi
en hoef je toch
nooit in bad.

O, lieve kat
kon ik maar jouw garen
spinnen.

 

 

 

 

Machteld Brands (Kampen, 1986)

De Oostenrijkse schrijver en essayist Egyd Gstättner werd geboren op 25 mei 1962 in Klagenfurt. Zie ook alle tags voor Egyd Gstättner op dit blog.

 

Uit: Absturz aus dem Himmel

 

„Eigentlich wollte ich – literarisch gerade wieder einmal frei geworden, was ein nervlich strapaziöser und auf Dauer wenigstens mir unausstehlicher Zustand ist – die Geschichte eines mündigen Staatsbürgers schreiben, der nach einem langen Wahlkampf in der Wahlzelle plötzlich von einer akuten Unentschiedenheit gepackt wird.
Denn er hält alle Parolen und Versprechungen und Gesichter aller Kandidaten aller Parteien gegeneinander und weiß partout nicht, in welchen Kreis er sein Kreuz machen könnte: eine Prosa übrigens, die deutliche autobiografische Züge enthalten soll; immerhin sagt eine meiner wenigen Literaturtheorien, dass meine Existenz von Haus aus derart dramatisch ist, dass ich keine andere benötige und nichts erfinden muss. Ich muss nur Ordnung schaffen.
Ich kann von meinem Leben leben. Weil er trotz der dringlichen Aufforderungen der Wahlhelfer der Parteien die Wahlzelle stundenlang nicht wieder verlässt mit der Begründung, eine solche Wahl sei eine heikle Angelegenheit und die gründlichste und genaueste Überlegung daher ein unerlässlicher Sachzwang, ungeachtet des sicher stimmigen Einwands, dass zunehmende Gründlichkeit und Genauigkeit dieser Überlegung eine daran anschließende Entscheidung für einen der Spitzenkandidaten, denen von der Meinungsforschung seriöse Gewinnchancen zugebilligt werden, keineswegs vereinfache, sondern im Gegenteil erschwere und verunmögliche, wird bald nicht nur die Warteschlange außerhalb der Wahlzelle, sondern auch das Fernsehen und damit das gesamte Bundesgebiet auf den Wähler aufmerksam, denn der Fernsehmoderator muss der am Höhepunkt der Hochspannung befindlichen Bevölkerung eingestehen, dass die für siebzehn Uhr angekündigte Hochrechnung, die das für das politische Leben der nächsten Jahre oder gar Jahrzehnte so richtungweisende und bedeutsame und mit einem Wort entscheidende Endergebnis der Wahlen erfahrungsgemäß mit verblüffender Exaktheit vorwegnimmt, nicht ausgestrahlt werden könne, obwohl sie natürlich bereits vorliege, aber erst veröffentlicht werden dürfe, sobald das letzte Wahllokal geschlossen habe.“

 

 

 

Egyd Gstättner (Klagenfurt, 25 mei 1962)

 

 

 

 

 

De Franse schrijfster Claire Castillon werd geboren op 25 mei 1975 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Zie ook alle tags voor Claire Castillon op dit blog.

 

Uit: De wonderen (Vertaald door Kiki Coumans)

 

“Ik moet steeds weer aan die eerste mei denken, maar razendsnel, want dat kan ik niet langzaam. Lulu was al bij ons, maar hij was nog niet helemaal van mij, de puppy was toen nog van het hele gezin.

We hadden een appartement in de stad en Lulu zat urenlang te blaffen achter de deur van de eerste verdieping, waar ik woonde met mijn broer, mijn moeder en mijn vader. Hij blafte omdat hij wilde dat we thuiskwamen. Hij at sponzen op, hij knaagde aan stoelpoten en schoenveters, hij kon niet tegen de eenzaamheid. Mijn moeder werkte in een doe-het-zelfzaak, waar ze klanten advies gaf zonder dat ze er ook maar enig verstand van had. Op den duur was ze daar goed in geworden. Soms liet ze zich meeslepen door haar eigen geklets; eigenlijk was het haar droom prulletjes of kleren te gaan verkopen en soms zei ze over een boormachine: U kunt beter een grijze nemen, dat heeft iets jongs, en dan smeet ze het ding voor een klant neer alsof het een overhemd was.

Ze nam nooit pauze en vroeg nergens om, alleen als wij ziek waren, mijn broer en ik, belde ze de directie om haar werktijden te veranderen. Ze had dan ook geen vrienden, want bij stakingen werkte zij gewoon door om bij de chefs wat krediet op te bouwen voor als ze een keer niet kon komen. Ze werd zelfs weleens op de afdeling stofzuigers gezet omdat ze daar veel vanaf wist, en dat leverde haar extraatjes op. Mijn vader was vaak van huis als vertegenwoordiger in vernislakken, hij maakte strakke bochten met die rotauto van hem, liet muntjes in zijn broekzak rammelen en als het maar even kon zat hij naar gaatjes te loeren op meubelbeurzen, waardoor hij vaak te laat thuiskwam.”

 

 

 

Claire Castillon (Neuilly-sur-Seine, 25 mei 1975)

 

 

 

 

 

De Amerikaanse schrijfster en feminste Eve Ensler werd op 25 mei 1953 in New York geboren. Zie ook alle tags voor Eve Ensler op dit blog.

 

Uit: In the Body of the World

 

“In the Congo there has been a war raging for almost thirteen years. Nearly eight million people have died and hundreds of thousands of women have been raped and tortured. It is an economic war fought over minerals that belong to the Congolese but are pillaged by the world. There are local and foreign militias from Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda. They enter villages and they murder. They rape wives in front of their husbands. They force the husbands and sons to rape their daughters and sisters. They shame and destroy families and take over the villages and the mines. The minerals are abundant in the Congo — tin, copper, gold, and coltan, which are used in our iPhones and PlayStations and computers.

Of course by the time I got to the Congo, I had witnessed the epidemic of violence toward women that scoured the planet, but the Congo was where I witnessed the end of the body, the end of humanity, the end of the world. Femicide, the systematic rape, torture, and destruction of women and girls, was being employed as a military/corporate tactic to secure minerals. Thousands and thousands of women were not only exiled from their bodies, but their bodies and the functions and futures of their bodies were rendered obsolete: wombs and vaginas permanently destroyed.

The Congo and the individual horror stories of her women consumed me. Here I began to see the future—a monstrous vision of global disassociation and greed that not only allowed but encouraged the eradication of the female species in pursuit of minerals and wealth.”

 

Eve Ensler (New York, 25 mei 1953)

 

 

 

 

 

De Duitse schrijver Friedrich Dieckmann werd geboren op 25 mei 1937 in Landsberg an der Warthe. Zie ook alle tags voor Friedrich Dieckmann op dit blog.

 

Uit: Freiheit ist nur in dem Reich der Träume (Schillers Jahrhundertwende)

 

„Dabei hatte die Krankheit immer auf der Lauer gelegen, diese Krämpfe in der Brust und darunter, ein schlafender Drache, der jederzeit aufwachen konnte. Aber derzeit schien alles gutzugehen, so groß die Spannung war – oder weil sie so groß war? »Es ist der Geist, der sich den Körper schafft« – das hatte er Wallenstein sagen lassen, als alles verloren war, und mit dem Körper war die Armee gemeint, die er zweimal aus dem Boden gestampft hatte, allerdings

Für den Kaiser dahinten in Wien, wo der Krieg niemals hingekommen war, nicht ohne oder gar gegen ihn. Er hatte das Gleichnis weitergefhrt und mußte lachen über den Vers, in den sein von der Armee verlassener Held sich verstiegen hatte:

»Wenn Haupt und Glieder sich trennen, dann wird sich zeigen, wo die Seele wohnt.« Im Moment hingen Körper und Geist ganz gut bei ihm zusammen. Aber es war gut, nach der langen Probe noch ein wenig durch das Städtchen zu laufen, das gerade zur Ruhe ging; niemand kam ihm auf der Straße entgegen. Er war an der Ackerwand entlanggegangen, zu seiten des Ilmparks; wer ihn so sah, dachte er bei sich, das Lämpchen mit dem gefalteten Blechdeckel – so kam Luft an die Ölflamme – und der eingesetzten Glasscheibe wie einen Krug in der Hand haltend, konnte ihn glatt für einen neuen Diogenes halten.

Auf der Bühne war alles gutgegangen, man hatte im fertigen Kostüm gespielt, was nicht immer vorkam, ganz historisch hatte es ausgesehen mit diesen Kollern und Wämsern und Hellebarden – auch die Schneider hatten sich ins Zeug gelegt. Hatte man nicht sogar alte Ofenplatten ausfindig gemacht, um den Stil von 1630 zu treffen? Die Schauspieler hatten ihren Text nicht nur gelernt, sie schienen ihn auch verstanden zu haben, diese Knittelverse, deren Reime man um Himmels willen nicht betonen durfte. Sie durften nur anklingen, sonst wurde es platt.“

 

 

 

Friedrich Dieckmann (Landsberg an der Warthe, 25 mei 1937)

 

 

 

 

 

De Amerikaanse dichter en schrijver Raymond Carver werd geboren op 25 mei 1938 in Port Angeles. . Zie ook alle tags voor Raymond Carver op dit blog.

 

 

Circulation

And all at length are gathered in.
--LOUISE BOGAN

By the time I came around to feeling pain
and woke up, moonlight
flooded the room. My arm lay paralyzed,
propped up like an old anchor under
your back. You were in a dream,
you said later, where you'd arrived
early for the dance. But after
a moment's anxiety you were okay
because it was really a sidewalk
sale, and the shoes you were wearing,
or not wearing, were fine for that.

*

"Help me," I said. And tried to hoist
my arm. But it just lay there, aching,
unable to rise on its own. Even after
you said, "What is it? What's wrong?"
it stayed put -- deaf, unmoved
by any expression of fear or amazement.
We shouted at it, and grew afraid
when it didn't answer. "It's gone to sleep,"
I said, and hearing those words
knew how absurd this was. But
I couldn't laugh. Somehow,
between the two of us, we managed
to raise it. This can't be my arm
is what I kept thinking as
we thumped it, squeezed it, and
prodded it back to life. Shook it
until that stinging went away.

We said a few words to each other.
I don't remember what. Whatever
reassuring things people
who love each other say to each other
given the hour and such odd
circumstance. I do remember
you remarked how it was light
enough in the room that you could see
circles under my eyes.
You said I needed more regular sleep,
and I agreed. Each of us went
to the bathroom, and climbed back into bed
on our respective sides.
Pulled the covers up. "Good night,"
you said, for the second time that night.
And fell asleep. Maybe
into that same dream, or else another.

*

I lay until daybreak, holding
both arms fast across my chest.
Working my fingers now and then.
While my thoughts kept circling
around and around, but always going back
where they'd started from.
That one inescapable fact: even while
we undertake this trip,
there's another, far more bizarre,
we still have to make.

 

 

 

Raymond Carver (25 mei 1938 – 2 augustus 1988)

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De Amerikaanse schrijfster Jamaica Kincaid (eig. Elaine Cynthia Potter Richardson) werd geboren in Saint John's, Antigua en Barbuda, op 25 mei 1949. Zie ook alle tags voor Jamaica Kincaid op dit blog.

 

Uit: See Now Then

 

“See now then, the dear Mrs. Sweet who lived with her husband Mr. Sweet and their two children, the beautiful Persephone and the young Heracles in the Shirley Jackson house, which was in a small village in New England. The house, the Shirley Jackson house, sat on a knoll, and from a window Mrs. Sweet could look down on the roaring waters of the Paran River as it fell furiously and swiftly out of the lake, a man-made lake, also named Paran; and looking up, she could see surrounding her, the mountains named Bald and Hale and Anthony, all part of the Green Mountain Range; and she could see the firehouse where sometimes she could attend a civic gathering and hear her government representative say something that might seriously affect her and the well-being of her family or see the firemen take out the fire trucks and dismantle various parts of them and put the parts back together and then polish all the trucks and then drive them around the village with a lot of commotion before putting them away again in the firehouse and they reminded Mrs. Sweet of the young Heracles, for he often did such things with his toy fire trucks; but just now when Mrs. Sweet was looking out from a window in the Shirley Jackson house, her son no longer did that. From that window again, she could see the house where the man who invented time-lapse photography lived but he was dead now; and she could see the house, the Yellow House, that Homer had restored so carefully and lovingly, polishing the floors, painting the walls, replacing the pipes, all this in the summer before that awful fall, when he went hunting and after shooting with his bow and arrow the largest deer he had ever shot, he dropped down dead while trying to load it onto the back of his truck.”

 

 

 

Jamaica Kincaid (Saint John's, 25 mei 1949)

 

 

 

Zie voor nog meer schrijvers van de 25^e mei ook mijn vorige twee blogs van vandaag.

De Amerikaanse schrijver Robert Ludlum werd geboren in New York op 25 mei 1927. Zie ook alle tags voor Robert Ludlum op dit blog.

 

Uit: The Janson Directive

 

“N. Indian Ocean, 250 miles east of Sri Lanka
Northwestern Anura
The night was oppressive, the air at body temperature and almost motionless. Earlier in the evening there had been light, cooling rains, but now everything seemed to radiate heat, even the silvery half-moon, its countenance brushed with the occasional wisps of cloud. The jungle itself seemed to exhale the hot, moist breath of a predator lying in wait.
Shyam shifted restlessly in his canvas chair. It was, he knew, a fairly ordinary night on the island of Anura for this time of year: early in the monsoon season, the air was always heavy with a sense of foreboding. Yet only the ever attentive mosquitoes disturbed the quiet. At half past one in the morning, Shyam reckoned he had been on checkpoint duty for four and a half hours. In that time, precisely seven motorists had come their way. The checkpoint consisted of two parallel lines of barbed-wire frames--"knife rests"--set up eighty feet apart on the road, to either side of the search and administration area. Shyam and Arjun were the two sentries on forward duty, and they sat in front of the wooden roadside booth. A pair of backups was supposedly on duty on the other side of the hill, but the hours of silence from them suggested that they were dozing, along with the men in the makeshift barracks a few hundred feet down the road. For all the dire warnings of their superiors, these had been days and nights of unrelieved boredom. The northwestern province of Kenna was sparsely populated in the best of times, and these were not the best of times.
Now, drifting in with the breeze, as faint as a distant insect drone, came the sound of a gunned motor.
Shyam slowly got to his feet. The sound was growing closer.
"Arjun," he called out in a singsong tone. "Ar-jun. Car coming."
Arjun lolled his head in a circle, working out a crick in his neck. "At this hour?" He rubbed his eyes. The humidity made the sweat lie heavily on his skin, like mineral oil.

 

 

 

Robert Ludlum (25 mei 1927 – 12 maart 2001)

 

 

 

 

De Amerikaanse dichter Theodore Huebner Roethke werd geboren in Saginaw, Michigan op 25 mei 1908. Zie ook alle tags voor Theodore Roethke op dit blog.

 

 

Once More, the Round

 

What's greater, Pebble or Pond?
What can be known? The Unknown.
My true self runs toward a Hill
More! O More! visible.

Now I adore my life
With the Bird, the abiding Leaf,
With the Fish, the questing Snail,
And the Eye altering All;
And I dance with William Blake
For love, for Love's sake;

And everything comes to One,
As we dance on, dance on, dance on.

 

 

 

The Bat

 

By day the bat is cousin to the mouse.
He likes the attic of an aging house.

His fingers make a hat about his head.
His pulse beat is so slow we think him dead.

He loops in crazy figures half the night
Among the trees that face the corner light.

But when he brushes up against a screen,
We are afraid of what our eyes have seen:

For something is amiss or out of place
When mice with wings can wear a human face.

 

 

 

 

Theodore Roethke (25 mei 1908 - 1 augustus 1963)

 

 

 

 

De Franse schrijver en historicus Georges Bordonove werd geboren in Enghien-les-Bains op 25 mei 1920. Zie ook alle tags voor Georges Bordonove op dit blog.

 

Uit: Chien de feu

 

“Sais-tu, loup, que nous sommes pareils ? Nous appartenons à une race révolue, une race qui doit disparaître. La terre donne une nouvelle floraison, d’autres bêtes, d’autres hommes que nous. Il ne doit plus y avoir de seigneurs bardés de fer derrière leurs créneaux, ni de loups hurlant dans leurs bois. Cela fait partie d’un passé déjà mort. Nous nous survivons, toi et moi ; c’est dire que nous sommes condamnés. Mais quelle importance ? Nous avons eu nos vies, nos plaisirs. Nous avons cru que cela devait durer toujours. Tes pairs, dans les années qui s’annoncent, périront par le poison. Les miens, par la ruine. C’est chose douce que de comprendre ! Ainsi, tu vois, vieux loup, nous nous affronterons, parce que ce sera dans notre rôle. Je t’attaquerai, tu te défendras, tu feras front et je te daguerai. Et puis... Mais est-ce qu’on empêche l’eau de couler ? Est-ce qu’on arrête la marche des saisons ? Je suis content que ce soit toi, car tu es brave et d’expérience. Que les autres ne soient point venus à bout de ta malice ! Tu m’attendais. Il y a entre nous un pacte, une convenance. Eh bien, si tu veux, que cela soit, et jouons le jeu.”

 

 

Georges Bordonove (25 mei 1920 - 16 maart 2007)

Cover

 

 

 

 

De Canadese schrijver William Patrick Kinsella werd geboren op 25 mei 1935 in Edmonton, Alberta. Zie ook alle tags voor W. P. Kinsella op dit blog.

 

Uit: Shoeless Joe

 

“Annie: She has never once called me crazy. Just before I started the first landscape work, as I stood looking out at the lawn and the cornfield, wondering how it could look so different in daylight, considering the notion of accepting it all as a dream and abandoning it, Annie appeared at my side and her arm circled my waist. She leaned against me and looked up, cocking her head like one of the red squirrels that scamper along the power lines from the highway to the house. "Do it, love," she said as I looked down at her, that slip of a girl with hair the color of cayenne pepper and at least a million freckles on her face and arms, that girl who lives in blue jeans and T-shirts and at twenty-four could still pass for sixteen.

I thought back to when I first knew her. I came to Iowa to study. She was the child of my landlady. I heard her one afternoon outside my window as she told her girl friends, "When I grow up I'm going to marry . . ." and she named me. The others were going to be nurses, teachers, pilots, or movie stars, but Annie chose me as her occupation. Eight years later we were married. I chose willingly, lovingly, to stay in Iowa. Eventually I rented this farm, then bought it, operating it one inch from bankruptcy. I don't seem meant to farm, but I want to be close to this precious land, for Annie and me to be able to say, "This is ours."

Now I stand ready to cut into the cornfield, to chisel away a piece of our livelihood to use as dream currency, and Annie says, "Oh, love, if it makes you happy you should do it." I carry her words in the back of my mind, stored the way a maiden aunt might wrap a brooch, a remembrance of a longlost love. I understand how hard that was for her to say and how it got harder as the project advanced. How she must have told her family not to ask me about the baseball field I was building, because they stared at me dumb-eyed, a row of silent, thickset peasants with red faces. Not an imagination among them except to forecast the wrath of God that will fall on the heads of pagans such as I. “

 

 

 

 W. P. Kinsella (Edmonton, 25 mei 1935)

 

 

 

 

De Duitse schrijver Max von der Grün werd geboren op 25 mei 1926 in Bayreuth. Zie ook alle tags voor Max von der Grün op dit blog.

 

Uit: Wie war das eigentlich?

 

„Der vom Fähnleinführer niedergeschlagene Junge fragte unseren Lehrer, warum in unserer Schule gelehrt würde, daß es Unterdrückung sei, wenn man den Hut des Herrn Geßler grüßen müsse, und wollte wissen, warum man niedergeschlagen würde, wenn man die Fahne nicht grüße, schließlich sei es doch dasselbe.
Wir saßen alle mucksmäuschenstill. Wir warteten auf Antwort, aber unser Lehrer sagte nur: »Bestelle deinem Vater, er soll sich morgen Mittag beim Rektor melden.«
Ich habe nie erfahren, was bei der Unterredung herauskam. Mein Schulkamerad schwieg hartnäckig, wenn wir ihn darauf ansprachen und als ich einmal merkte, wie er heimlich weinte, hörten wir mit den Fragen auf.
Es wurde darüber getuschelt, der Rektor habe dem Vater gedroht, daß er ihn wegen Verunglimpfung hoheitlicher Symbole anzeigen werde, wenn er weiterhin darauf bestehen würde, für seinen Sohn Genugtuung zu fordern.
Daß es sogar lebensgefährlich war, die Hakenkreuzfahne nicht zu grüßen, beweist der Fall des evangelischen Pfarrers Paul Schneider.“

 

 

 

Max von der Grün (25 mei 1926 – 7 april 2005)

 

 

 

 

De Amerikaanse schrijver en journalist John Gregory Dunne werd geboren op 25 mei 1932 in West Hartford, Connecticut. Zie ook alle tags voor John Gregory Dunne op dit blog.

 

Uit: Nothing Lost

 

“I broke an Internet password. Read the spaces between the lines. Traced the implication of things. Guessed the unseen from the seen. Judged the whole piece by the pattern. Surmised. Triangulated. Extrapolated.
Anything that passed through my filter carries my shadows, my impri- matur. As fact, it might be suspect, but as truth it is as close as I can get. If you were the filter, your facts, or your memory of them, might be equally suspect, but the truth, presupposing your honesty, or as close as you could get to it.
But you weren’t there, and I was, so fuck off.
I think I got it right.
Mostly.
And if I didn’t, it’s the available version.

Of course it began with Edgar Parlance.
His death, and the obscene brutality of it, immediately captured the headlines and the newsbreaks of the gluttonous 24/7 news cycle, searching as always for the correct and visually gratifying metaphor to validate the American experience, or, better yet, to provide a dark parable about that same experience. It is my own feeling that life began going downhill with “You give us twenty-two minutes, we’ll give you the world.” I think I would have preferred to live in the age of the pony express, allowing as it did, I would like to think, a time for contemplation before action was deemed necessary. 24/7, plus the transitory involvement of a president looking for a way to act presidential as the second term of his forgettable administration was winding down to its unlamented conclusion, gave Edgar Parlance’s murder the push it needed to become a major media event, bringing with it the usual suspects, talking heads prattling about race hatred and the phenomenon of what they insisted on calling “Terror in the Heartland.” It was a heartland that existed only in their fevered imaginations, neighborly values and small-town ways, stoked not by reality but by Oscar Hammerstein, we know we belong to the land, and the land we belong to is grand. Crap, of course. This land was fertilized with blood. Jesse and Frank James, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, killers all, sanitized into public darlings by Tyrone Power and Henry Fonda, Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway.”

 

 

 

John Gregory Dunne (25 mei 1932 – 30 december 2003)

 

 

 

 

Zie voor nog meer schrijvers van de 25^e mei ook mijn vorige blog van vandaag.

De Amerikaanse dichter, schrijver, filosoof en essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson werd geboren in Boston, Massachusetts op 25 mei 1803. Zie ook alle tags voor Ralph Waldo Emerson op dit blog.

 

 

My Garden

 

If I could put my woods in song
And tell what's there enjoyed,
All men would to my gardens throng,
And leave the cities void.

In my plot no tulips blow,--
Snow-loving pines and oaks instead;
And rank the savage maples grow
From Spring's faint flush to Autumn red.

My garden is a forest ledge
Which older forests bound;
The banks slope down to the blue lake-edge,
Then plunge to depths profound.

Here once the Deluge ploughed,
Laid the terraces, one by one;
Ebbing later whence it flowed,
They bleach and dry in the sun.

The sowers made haste to depart,--
The wind and the birds which sowed it;
Not for fame, nor by rules of art,
Planted these, and tempests flowed it.

Waters that wash my garden-side
Play not in Nature's lawful web,
They heed not moon or solar tide,--
Five years elapse from flood to ebb.

Hither hasted, in old time, Jove,
And every god,--none did refuse;
And be sure at last came Love,
And after Love, the Muse.

Keen ears can catch a syllable,
As if one spake to another,
In the hemlocks tall, untamable,
And what the whispering grasses smother.

Æolian harps in the pine
Ring with the song of the Fates;
Infant Bacchus in the vine,--
Far distant yet his chorus waits.

Canst thou copy in verse one chime
Of the wood-bell's peal and cry,
Write in a book the morning's prime,
Or match with words that tender sky?

Wonderful verse of the gods,
Of one import, of varied tone;
They chant the bliss of their abodes
To man imprisoned in his own.

Ever the words of the gods resound;
But the porches of man's ear
Seldom in this low life's round
Are unsealed, that he may hear.

Wandering voices in the air
And murmurs in the wold
Speak what I cannot declare,
Yet cannot all withhold.

When the shadow fell on the lake,
The whirlwind in ripples wrote
Air-bells of fortune that shine and break,
And omens above thought.

But the meanings cleave to the lake,
Cannot be carried in book or urn;
Go thy ways now, come later back,
On waves and hedges still they burn.

These the fates of men forecast,
Of better men than live to-day;
If who can read them comes at last
He will spell in the sculpture,'Stay.'

 

 

 

 

Ralph Waldo Emerson (25 mei 1803 - 27 april 1882)

 

 

 

 

 

De Mexicaanse dichteres en schrijfster Rosario Castellanos werd geboren in Mexico-stad op 25 mei 1925. Zie ook alle tags voor Rosario Castellanos op dit blog.

 

 

Silence Concerning an Ancient Stone

 

Here I am, seated, with all my words,
like a basket of green fruit, intact.
The fragments
of a thousand destroyed ancient gods
seek and draw near each other in my blood. They long
to rebuild their statue.
From their shattered mouths
a song strives to rise to my mouth,
a scent of burned resins, some gesture
of mysterious wrought stone.
But I am oblivion, treason,
the shell that did not keep from the sea
even the echo of the smallest wave.
I look not at the submerged temples,
but only at the trees that above the ruins
move their vast shadow, with acid teeth bite
the wind as it passes.
And the seals close under my eyes like
the flower under the searching fingers of a blind man.
But I know: behind
my body another body crouches,
and round about me many breaths
furtively cross
like nocturnal beasts in the jungle.

 

I know: somewhere,
like the cactus in the desert,
a constellated heart of spines,
it is waiting for a name, as the cactus the rain.

 

But I know only a few words
in the lapidary language ,
under which they buried my ancestor alive.

 

 

 

Vertaald door George D. Schade

 

 

 

 

Rosario Castellanos (25 mei 1925 – 7 augustus 1974)

 

 

 

 

 

De Canadese dichter en schrijver Alain Grandbois werd geboren op 25 mei 1900 in Saint-Casimir, Québec. Zie ook alle tags voor Alain Grandbois op dit blog.

 

 

La Capitale déchirée

 

Les doux fantômes de la nuit
Précipitant l'aube
À coups redoublés
De neiges immémoriales
D'images illicites
De tourments tournant
Dans le cercle épuisé
Des destructions définitives
Créant ces musiques sournoises
Du haut des collines
Vers les horizons perdus

Mais c'est en vain
Ô beaux fantômes blancs
Ô sourds fantômes vainqueurs
La Capitale absurde et choisie
Pour ce triste bonheur
Pour cette savante défaite
Pour la suprême illumination
C'est en vain ô mes doux fantômes
Votre dur sourire
Ne saura cerner
Que vos captifs d'hier

 

 

 

 

Alain Grandbois (25 mei 1900 – 18 maart 1975)

 

 

 

 

 

De Albanese dichter en schrijver Naim Frashëri werd geboren op 25 mei 1846 in Frashër. Zie ook alle tags voor Naim Frashëri op dit blog.

 

 

Hope

 

I have great hope

In God

That he will not abandon

Albania thus,

          But that she will shine forth

          And break into blossom.

 

May the day dawn

That will bestow upon us

A great light,

Giving birth to:

          Civilization,

          Prosperity.

 

Fraternity

And unity

And compassion

Are our salvation.

          Happy is he who will be present

          When this day comes.

 

When Albania

Will be radiant

And misfortune

Will be banished

          Forever

          From her sight.

 

For Albania,

Joyous days

Are at hand.

The darkness is receding.

          Happy is he who will live

          To see her reign!

 

For the Albanian

And his language

Are at one

With Albania.

          Happy is he who will

          Behold her soon!

 

Knowledge

And progress,

Goodness

And humanity

          Will arise,

          Never to stray.

 

 

 

 

Naim Frashëri (25 mei 1846 – 20 oktober 1900)

Standbeeld in Tetovo, Macedonië

 

 

 

 

De Britse schrijver, criticus en politicus Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton werd geboren in Londen op 25 mei 1803. Zie ook alle tags voor Edward Bulwer-Lytton op dit blog.

 

Uit: The Last Of The Barons

 

“Westward, beyond the still pleasant, but even then no longer solitary, hamlet of Charing, a broad space, broken here and there by scattered houses and venerable pollards, in the early spring of 1467, presented the rural scene for the sports and pastimes of the inhabitants of Westminster and London. Scarcely need we say that open spaces for the popular games and diversions were then numerous in the suburbs of the metropolis,--grateful to some the fresh pools of Islington; to others, the grass-bare fields of Finsbury; to all, the hedgeless plains of vast Mile-end. But the site to which we are now summoned was a new and maiden holiday-ground, lately bestowed upon the townsfolk of Westminster by the powerful Earl of Warwick.

Raised by a verdant slope above the low, marsh-grown soil of Westminster, the ground communicated to the left with the Brook-fields, through which stole the peaceful Ty-bourne, and commanded prospects, on all sides fair, and on each side varied. Behind, rose the twin green hills of Hampstead and Highgate, with the upland park and chase of Marybone,--its stately manor-house half hid in woods. In front might be seen the Convent of the Lepers, dedicated to Saint James, now a palace; then to the left, York House, [The residence of the Archbishops of York] now Whitehall; farther on, the spires of Westminster Abbey and the gloomy tower of the Sanctuary; next, the Palace, with its bulwark and vawmure, soaring from the river; while eastward, and nearer to the scene, stretched the long, bush-grown passage of the Strand, picturesquely varied with bridges, and flanked to the right by the embattled halls of feudal nobles, or the inns of the no less powerful prelates; while sombre and huge amidst hall and inn, loomed the gigantic ruins of the Savoy, demolished in the insurrection of Wat Tyler.”

 

 

 

Edward Bulwer-Lytton (25 mei 1803 - 18 januari 1873)